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Muscles level 3 Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Pectoralis minor

Shoulder girdle

Crosses shoulder joint

A

Origin - ribs 3-5

Insertion - coracoid process of scapula

Action - Origin fixed: protraction and downward rotation of scapula.

Insertion fixed: elevates ribs when breathing

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2
Q

Trapezius

Shoulder girdle

A

Origin: back of skull, C7 and T1-12

Insertion: spine of scapula and lateral edge of clavicle

Action:
Upper fibres - elevate the shoulder girdle and help with neck extension
Middle fibres - retract the shoulder girdle
Lower fibres - depress the shoulder girdle
Muscle as a whole - upwardly rotates scapula

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3
Q

Rhomboids

Shoulder girdle

A

Origin: spinous processes of C7 and T1-5

Insertion: medial border of the scapula

Action: retracts scapula, downwardly rotates scapula

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4
Q

Levator Scapulae

Shoulder girdle

A

Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (C1-4)

Insertion: medial border of the scapula, between the superior angle and the root of the spine of the scapula

Action: Origin fixed - elevates scapula and assists in downward rotation of the scapula

Insertion fixed - laterally flexes the neck

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5
Q

Serratus anterior

Shoulder girdle

A

Origin: front of ribs 1-8

Insertion: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

Action: protracts scapula and upwardly rotates the scapula (with trapezius)

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6
Q

Pectoralis major

Shoulder joint

A

Origin: clavicle, sternum and cartilage of ribs 1-6

Insertion: humerus

Action: shoulder horizontal flexion, adduction, medial rotation

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7
Q

Teres major

Shoulder joint

A

Origin: lateral border of the scapula near the inferior angle

Insertion: humerus (proximal, anterior)

Action: medial rotation, adduction and extension of the shoulder joint

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8
Q

Latissimus dorsi

Shoulder joint

A

Origin: via the TLF from spinous process of T6-12, lumbar and sacral vertebrae and iliac crest. Also the lower 3 ribs and inferior edge of scapula.

Insertion: top of humerus anterior

Action: origin fixed - adducts and extends the arm. Assists in medial rotation of the arm. Depresses the shoulder girdle via the insertion on the humerus. Insertion fixed - tilts the pelvis forward.

TLF - thoracolumbar fascia

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9
Q

Deltoids

Shoulder joint

A

Origin: Anterior- clavicle
Medial -acromion process
Posterior head - spine of scapula

Insertion - lateral surface of humerus

Action - anterior fibres flex the shoulder and assist in horizontal flexion and medial rotation. Medial fibres abduct shoulder (but others too). Posterior fibres extend the shoulder and assist in horizontal extension.

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10
Q

Biceps brachii

Arm

A

Origin: scapula

Insertion: top of radius and biciptal aponurosis to medial part of forearm

Crosses: shoulder and elbow

Action: flexes elbow
Supinates forearm
Assists in shoulder flexion

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11
Q

Brachialis

Arm

A

Origin: humerus

Insertion: ulna

Crosses: elbow

Action: flexes elbow

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12
Q

Brachioradialis

Arm

A

Origin: laterally at distal end of humerus

Insertion: laterally at distal end of radius

Joint crossed: elbow

Action: flexion when the forearm is semi-pronated
Assists other flexors

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13
Q

Triceps brachii

Arm

A

Origin: long head - scapula just above shoulder joint
Other two heads - posterior of humerus

Insertion: olecranon of ulna

Crosses: elbow and shoulder

Action: extends elbow
Assists in shoulder extension and adduction (long head only)

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14
Q

Supraspinatus

Rotator cuff

Shoulder

A

Origin: superior to the spine of scapula

Insertion: superiorly on the head of humerus

Action: assists deltoid in abduction of arm
Stabilises the shoulder joint, helps prevent downward dislocation. A weak lateral rotator.

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15
Q

Subscapularis

Rotator cuff

Shoulder

A

Origin: anterior surface of scapula

Insertion: Anteriorly on head of humerus

Action: Rotates arm medially

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16
Q

Infraspinatus

Rotator cuff

Shoulder

A

Origin: inferior spine of scapula

Insertion: laterally on head of humerus

Action: rotates arm laterally

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17
Q

Teres minor

Rotator cuff

Shoulder

A

Origin: lateral border of the scapula near the inferior angle

Insertion: laterally on the head of the humerus

Action: rotates the arm laterally and stabilises the joint

18
Q

Iliocostalis group (ES)

Vertebral column

A

Origin: Ribs and iliac crest

Insertion: transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and ribs superior to origin

Crosses: vertebrae

Action: extends spine

19
Q

Longuissimus group (ES)

Vertebral column

A

Origin: transverse process of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: transverse processes of superior vertebrae of origin

Crosses: vertebrae

Action: extends head and rotates to same side. Extends the spine

20
Q

Spinalis (ES)

Vertebral column

A

Origin: Spinous processes of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: spinous processes of superior vertebrae to origin

Crosses: vertebrae

Action: extends spine

21
Q

Quadratus lumborum

Vertebral column

A

Origin: iliac crest and iliolumbar fascia

Insertion: upper 4 lumbar vertebrae and lower margin of 12th rib

Crosses: intervertebral joints of lumbar vertebrae

Actions: unilateral concentric contraction - lateral flexion of the lumbar spine
Unilateral isometric contraction - prevents lateral flexion of lumbar spine
Bilateral eccentric contraction - assists in preventing hyperflexion of the lumbar spine

22
Q

Multifidus

Vertebral column

A

Origin: sacrum and transverse processes of vertebrae

Insertion: spinous processes 2-4 vertebrae superior to the origin

Crosses: intervertebral joints of the vertebrae column (VC)

Actions: extension of VC (bilaterally). Assists in rotation of the VC (unilaterally). Assists in lateral flexion of the spine (unilaterally).

23
Q

Transverse abdominus

Anterior abdominal wall

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, cartilage of lower 6 ribs & iliac crest

Insertion: linea alba

Crosses: intervertebral joints of lumbar vertebrae

Action: compression of abdominal cavity and increases abdominal pressure. Stabilises lumbar spine by creating tension though TLF and increasing IAP.

24
Q

Rectus abdominus

Anterior abdominal wall

A

Origin: pubis and symphysis pubis

Insertion: cartilage of ribs 5-7 and base of sternum

Crosses: intervertebral joints of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae

Action: flexion of the vertebral column

25
Q

External obliques

Anterior abdominal wall

A

Origin: outer surface of bottom 8 ribs

Insertion: mainly linea alba, also iliac crest

Crosses: intervertebral joints of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae

Actions: bilaterally- flexion of the vertebral column and tilts pelvis posteriores. Unilaterally - rotation and lateral flexion (with internal obliques).

26
Q

Internal obliques

Anterior abdominal wall

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia and the iliac crest

Insertion: linea alba and the bottom three ribs

Crosses: intervertebral joints of the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae

Actions: bilaterally - flexion of the vertebral column. Unilaterally- rotation and lateral flexion (with external obliques). Stabilises lumbar spine by creating tension through the TLF.

27
Q

Iliacus (hip flexor - iliopsoas)

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: inside surface of ilium

Insertion: top of femur (shares tendon with psoas major)

Crosses: hip

Action: flexes hip

28
Q

Psoas major (hip flexor - ilipsoas)

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: transverse processes and intervertebral discs of all lumbar vertebrae and T12

Insertion: top of the femur (shares a tendon with iliacus)

Action: flexes hip (origin fixed)
Sit up action (insertion fixed)
Pulls spine to increase lumbar lordosis (insertion fixed). Stabilises the lumbar spine.
Assists in lateral flexion of trunk (unilaterally)

29
Q

Gluteus maximus

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: bases of spine (sacrum and coccyx) and back of ilium

Insertion: iliotibial tract (ITT) and femur

Crosses: hip

Action: extends and laterally rotates hip

30
Q

Gluteus medius

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: outer surface of ilium

Insertion: laterally on top of femur

Crosses: hip

Action: abducts hip.
Assists in turning thigh inwards (medial rotation)
Posterior fibres laterally rotates hip when hip is flexes. Hip stabilisation in walking/running, prevents pelvis dipping and knees rolling in.

31
Q

Gluteus minimus

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: outer surface of ilium

Insertion: laterally on top of femur

Crosses: hip

Action: abducts hip.
Assists in turning thigh inwards (medial rotation).
Posterior fibres laterally rotate hip when hip is flexed. Important in hip stabilisation during the support phase in walking/running, preventing the pelvis dipping and the knees rolling in.

32
Q

Piriformis

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: anterior surface of the sacrum

Insertion: top of the femur (greater trochanter)

Crosses: hip

Action: abducts hip
Assists in lateral rotation of the hip. However, when hip flexed may assist in medial rotation.

33
Q

Tensor fascia latae

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: crest of ilium

Insertion: iliotibial band (ITT)

Crosses: hip and knee via (ITT)

Action: flexes hip
Abducts hip
Medially rotates hip

34
Q

Sartorius

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: anteriorly and laterally on the iliac crest

Insertion: tibia (medially)

Crosses: hip and knee

Action: flexion and lateral rotation of hip
Flexion of knee

35
Q

Adductors (Magnus, longus, brevis)

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: medial/posterior surface of the femur

Crosses: hip

Action: adducts hip

36
Q

Pectineus

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: femur

Crosses: hip

Action: adducts and flexes hip
Assists in turning thigh inwards (medial rotation)

37
Q

Gracilis

Pelvic girdle and hip joint

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: top of tibia (just below knee joint)

Crosses: hip and knee

Action: adducts hip
Assists in knee flexion (helps hamstrings)

38
Q

Hamstrings

Biceps femoris (BF)
Semimembranosus (SM)
Semitendinosus (ST)

Upper leg

A

Origin: BF - ischium and 1/2 way down posterior of femur (short head)
SM/ST- ischium

Insertion: BF- head of fibula
SM/ST- tibia

Crosses: hip and knee

Actions: knee flexion
Hip extension

39
Q

Quadriceps

Rectus femoris (RF)
Vastus medialis (VM)
Vastus intermedius (VI)
Vastus lateralis (VL)

Upper leg

A

Origin: RF- iliac spine and top of acetabulum
VI/VL- femur

Insertion: front of tibia via patella tendon

Crosses: knee and hip (RF)
knee (VI/VL)

Action: extend knee
RF also flexes hip

40
Q

Tibialis anterior

Lower leg

A

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, upper half of lateral surface of tibia

Insertion: underside of medial cuneiform bone and first metatarsal

Crosses: ankle

Action: ankle dorsiflexion
Sub-talar joint inversion (sole turns inwards)

41
Q

Gastrocnemius

Lower leg

A

Origin: condyles of the femur, just above knee

Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Crosses: ankle and knee

Action: ankle plantar flexion
Assists in knee flexion

42
Q

Soleus

Lower leg

A

Origin: tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Crosses: ankle

Action: ankle plantar flexion

Muscles level 3 Anatomy (3 decks)

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