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Lower Limb > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

O - Gluteal surface of ilium (posterior to posterior gluteal line), posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
I - Iliotibial band, gluteal tuberosity of femur (some fibres)
NS - Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
A - Extends thigh, assists lateral rotation, standing, climbing stairs

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2
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

O - Gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I - Lateral surface of greater trochanter
NS - Superior gluteal (L5-S1)
A - Abducts and medially rotates thigh, stabilises pelvis during gait

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3
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

O - Gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I - Anterior surface of greater trochanter
NS - Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
A - Abducts and medially rotates thigh, stabilises pelvis during gait

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4
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

O - ASIS, anterior iliac crest
I - Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract
NS - Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
A - Abduct and medially rotate thigh, flexion of thigh

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5
Q

Piriformis

A

O - Anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
I - Superior border of the greater trochanter
NS - Nerve to piriformis (S1-S2)
A - Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in acetabulum

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6
Q

Obturator Internus

A

O - Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
I - Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)
NS - Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
A - Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in acetabulum

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7
Q

Superior Gemellus

A

O - Ischial spine
I - Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)
NS - Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
A - Laterally rotates entended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in acetabulum

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8
Q

Inferior Gemellus

A

O - Ischial tuberosity
I - Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)
NS - Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
A - Laterally rotates entended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in acetabulum

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9
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

O - Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I - Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur
NS - Nerve to quadratus femoris
A - Laterally rotates thigh, stabilises femoral head in acetabulum

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10
Q

Pectineus

A

O - Pectineal line of superior pubic ramus
I - Pectineal line of femur
NS - Femoral nerve
A - Adducts and flexes thigh, assists medial rotation

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11
Q

Psoas

A

O - T12, L1-L5 transverse processes and intervertebral discs
I - Lesser trochanter
NS - Anterior rami lumber nerves (L1-L3)
A - Flex thigh, stabilise hip, flex and sidebend trunk

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12
Q

Iliacus

A

O - Iliac crest and fossa, sacral ala
I - Lesser trochanter
NS - Femoral nerve
A - Flex thigh, stabilise hip

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13
Q

Sartorius

A

O - ASIS
I - Pes anserinus (superior medial tibia)
NS - Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
A - Flexion, abduction, internal rotation of hip, slight knee flexion (with medial rotation)

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14
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

O - AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum
I - Quadriceps tendon to base of patella, patella ligament to tibial tubersoity
NS - Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
A - Extend knee, assist hip flexion

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15
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

O - Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
I - Quadriceps tendon and lateral retinaculum
NS - Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
A - Extend knee

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16
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

O - Anterior and lateral surfaces of femur
I - Quadriceps tendon to base of patella, patella ligament to tibial tubersoity
NS - Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
A - Extend knee

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17
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

O - Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
I - Quadriceps tendon and medial retinaculum
NS - Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
A - Extend knee

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18
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O - Ischial tuberosity
I - Pes anserinus
NS - Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
A - Extends thigh, flexes knee and medially rotates leg when knee is flexed, extend trunk when leg is fixed

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19
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O - Ischial tuberosity
I - Posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle and oblique popliteal ligament
NS - Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
A - Extends thigh, flexes knee and medially rotates leg when knee is flexed, extend trunk when leg is fixed

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20
Q

Biceps Femoris (Long head)

A

O - Ischial tuberosity
I - Lateral side of fibular head
NS - Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
A - Extend thigh, flexes knee and laterally rotates leg when knee is flexed

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21
Q

Biceps Femoris (Short head)

A

O - Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
I - Lateral side of fibular head
NS - Common fibulrar division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
A - Extend thigh, flexes knee and laterally rotates leg when knee is flexed

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22
Q

Adductor Longus

A

O - Body of pubis, inferior to pubic crest
I - Middle third of linea aspera of femur
NS - Obturator nerve (branch of anterior division) (L2-L4)
A - Adducts thigh

23
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O - Body and inferior ramus of pubis
I - Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera
NS - Obturator nerve (branch of anterior division) (L2-L4)
A - Adducts thigh, mild flexion

24
Q

Adductor Magnus (Adductor Part)

A

O - Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
I - Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
NS - Obturator nerve (posterior division) (L2-L4)
A - Adducts thigh, some flexion

25
Q

Adductor Magnus (Hamstrings Part)

A

O - Oschial tuberosity
I - Adductor tubercle of femur
NS - Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
A - Extends thigh

26
Q

Gracilis

A

O - Body and inferior ramus of pubis
I - Pes anserinus
NS - Obturator nerve (L2-L3)
A - Adducts the thigh, flexes knee, weak medial rotation

27
Q

Obturator Externus

A

O - External surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
I - Trochanteric fossa of femur
NS - Obturator nerve (L3-L4)
A - External roation of thigh, stabilises femoral head in acetabulum

28
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

O: Lateral tibial condyle; superior 1/2 lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
I: Medial and and inferior surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
NS: Deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)
A: Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts the foot

29
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Lateral tibial condyle; superior 3/4 of the medial surface of fibula; adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Extensor expansion, middle and distal phalanges lateral 4 toes
NS: Deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)
A: Extends the lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle

30
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal surface, base of distal phalanx (1st digit)
NS: Deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)
A: Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

31
Q

Fibularis Tertius

A

O: Inferior 1/3 anterior surface of fibula, adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal base of 5th metatarsal
NS: Deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)
A: Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion

32
Q

Fibularis Longus

A

O: Head and superior 2/3 lateral fibula
I: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
NS: Superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2)
A: Everts foot, weak plantar flexion of the ankle, stabilise leg on foot

33
Q

Fibularis Brevis

A

O: Inferior 2/3 lateral fibula
I: Tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
NS: Superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2)
A: Evert foot, weak plantar flexion of the ankle, stabilise leg on foot

34
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: Lateral head: lateral side of lateral femoral condyle
Medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle (larger head)
I: Posterior suface of calcaneus via calcaneal (achilles) tendon
NS: Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
A: Plantarflexion of ankle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, flexes knee

35
Q

Soleus

A

O: Posterior head and superior 1/4 of fibula, soleal line and middle 1/3 of the medial border of tibia, tendinous arch extending between bony attachments
I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal (achilles) tendon
NS: Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
A: Plantarflexes ankle

36
Q

Plantaris

A

O: Inferior part of lateral supracondylar line of the femur, oblique popliteal ligament
I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal (achilles) tendon (or separate tendon)
NS: Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
A: Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle and flexing knee

37
Q

Popliteus

A

O: Lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus
I: Posterior surface of the tibia, superior to soleal line
NS: Tibial nerve (L4-S1)
A: Knee flexion, lateral rotation of femur, medial rotation of tibia when knee is flexed

38
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Medial part of posterior tibia, inferior to soleal line and by broad tendon to the fibula
I: Bases of the distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
NS: Tibial nerve (S2-S3)
A: Flexes lateral 4 digits, plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of the foot

39
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of the fibula, some adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
NS: Tibial nerve (S2-S3)
A: Flexes great toe, weak ankle plantarflexor, supports medial longitudinal arch of the foot

40
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: Interosseous membrane; posterior tibia, inferior to soleal line; posterior fibula
I: Tuberosity of the navicular; cuneiforms; cuboid; sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of the 2nd-4th metatarsals
NS: Tibial nerve (L4-L5)
A: Plantarflexes the ankle and inverts the foot, supports medial longitudinal arch

41
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

O: Medial aspect calcaneal tuberosity
I: Medial side of base proximal phalanx (hallux)
NS: Medial Plantar Nerve (S1-S2)
A: Abduction, flexion of MTP joint, support medial longitudinal arch

42
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: Calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis
I: Base of middle phalanges (digits 2-5)
NS: Medial Plantar Nerve
A: Flexion of MTP and IP joints of digits 2-5

43
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

O: Calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis
I: Lateral side of base proximal phalanx (5th digit)
NS: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S1-S3)
A: Abduction, flexion of MTP joint

44
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

O: Anterior calcaneus, long plantar ligament
I: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
NS: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S1-S3)
A: Assists flexor digitorum longus

45
Q

Lumbricals

A

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Dorsal aponeurosis and medial side extensor expansions
NS: 1st - Medial Plantar Nerve (S2-S3)
2nd-4th - Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2-S3)
A: Flexes MTP joints, extends IP joints

46
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

O: Base of 5th met, long plantar ligament
I: Lateral side of base proximal phalanx (5th digit)
NS: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2-S3)
A: Flexes 5th MTP joint

47
Q

Dorsal Interossei (4)

A

O: 2 heads between adjacent mets
I: Bases of proximal phalanges (2-4)
NS: Lateral Plantar Nerve
A: Abduction from 2nd digit (2nd digit has 2 dorsal interossei)

48
Q

Plantar Interossei (3)

A

O: Base and medial borders of mets 3-5
I: Medial base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions (digits 3-5)
NS: Lateral Plantar Nerve
A: Adduction towards 2nd digit

49
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Superolateral surface of calcaneus
I: Base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion (hallux)
NS: Deep Fibular Nerve (L5-S1)
A: Extends 1st MTP joint

50
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: Superolateral surface of calcaneus
I: Bases of middle phalanges and extensor expansions (digits 2-4)
NS: Deep Fibular Nerve (L4-S1)
A: Extends MTP and IP joints (digits 2-4)

51
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, medial side 1st met, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
I: Medial and lateral sides of the proximal phalanx (hallux)
NS: Medial and Lateral Plantar Nerves
A: Flexion of MTP joint (1st digit)

52
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

O: Long plantar ligament, tendon of Fibularis Longus
I: Lateral shaft of the 5th met
NS: Lateral Plantar Nerve

53
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

O: Oblique: Bases of mets 2-4
Transverse: Heads of mets 3-5
I: Base of lateral proximal phalanx (hallux)
NS: Lateral Plantar Nerve
A: Adducts hallux, flexes 1st MTP joint, supports medial and transverse arches of the foot

Lower Limb (11 decks)

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