Muscles

Question 1

Posture

Answer 1

• constantly contracting and relaxing

Question 2

Production of heat

Answer 2

• skin contracts to raise hairs and induce shivering which helps warm body

Question 3

Smooth muscle

Answer 3

Walls of blood vessels and digestive system

- involuntary

Question 4

Cardiac

Answer 4

• only in heart
• contracts relaxes causing heart to beat
• involuntary

Question 5

Skeletal muscles

Answer 5

• attached to skeleton
• cause movement when relax and contract
• voluntary

Question 6

Structure of voluntary muscles

Answer 6

• long, thin, called fibres
• fibres slide over eachother when muscle contracts
• arranged in groups in muscle (slow and fast twitch)

Question 7

Extension

Answer 7

• straitening movement
• angle increased
• straightening leg at knee

Question 8

Flexion

Answer 8

• Bending movement
• angle reduced
• bending leg at knee or arm at elbow

Question 9

Abduction

Answer 9

• limb away from midline

- raising leg or arm to side

Question 10

Adduction

Answer 10

• limb towards midline

- lowering arm or leg to body

Question 11

Inversion

Answer 11

• sole of foot inwards

Question 12

Eversion

Answer 12

Sole of foot outwards

Question 13

Rotation

Answer 13

• movement of body part on its long axis

- head

Question 14

Circumduction

Answer 14

• circular movement of body part

- making circles with arm

Question 15

Pronation

Answer 15

Rotational movement of forearm with palm facing downwards or inwards

Question 16

Supination

Answer 16

Rotational movement of forearm with palm facing upwards or outwards

Question 17

Dorsiflexion

Answer 17

Toes up

Question 18

Plantar flexion

Answer 18

Toes down

Question 19

Isometric contraction

Answer 19

Muscles develops tension but length of muscle doesnt change

- pushing on a closed door

Question 20

Concentric contraction

Answer 20

Muscle shortens

Upwards phase of bicep curl

Question 21

Eccentric

Answer 21

Muscle lengthens

Downwards phase of bicep curl

Question 22

Movement

Answer 22

• Pairs around joints
• 1 muscle moves joint in one direction and other ind different directions
• attached to two different bones
• attaches to bones with tendons

Question 23

Agonist

Answer 23

Contracts to cause movement

E.g biceps and triceps

Question 24

Antagonist

Answer 24

Relaxes or lengthens to allow movement to occur

E.g. Triceps and biceps

Question 25

How do muscles work with bones to produce movement?

Answer 25

``` e.g. -Arm is raised Biceps contract Triceps relax -arm is lowered Biceps relax Triceps contract ```

Question 26

What is a stabiliser muscle?

Answer 26

Muscles partially contracted during movement to support main movement occurring E.g hip joint muscles contracting to help stabilise pelvis