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Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Origin and Insertion of Trapezius Muscle

A

O - Spinous processes - T12

I - Occiput and spine of scapula

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2
Q

Innervation of trapezius muscle

A

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

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3
Q

Function of trapezius muscle

A

Elevates, retracts and depresses the scapula

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4
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor, subscapularis

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5
Q

Origin and insertion of Supraspintous muscle

A

O - Supraspinatous fossa

I - Greater tuberosity of humerus

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6
Q

Innervation of supraspinatous

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)

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7
Q

Function of supraspinatous

A

Abduct arm

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8
Q

Origin and insertion of infraspinatous muscle

A

O - infraspinatous fossa

I - greater tuberosity of humerus

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9
Q

Innervation of infraspinatous

A

suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)

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10
Q

Function of infraspinatous

A

Externally rotates arm

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11
Q

Origin and insertion of teres minor muscle

A

O- distal surface of lateral border of scapula

I - greater tuberosity of humerus

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12
Q

Innervation of teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

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13
Q

Function of teres minor

A

Externally rotates arm

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14
Q

Origin and insertion of subscapularis muscle

A

O - anterior surface of scapula

I - lesser tuberosity of humerus/shoulder capsule

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15
Q

Innervation of subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapularis nerve

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16
Q

Function of subscapularis

A

Internally rotates arm

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17
Q

What is the common insertion of the first 3 muscles of the RC, and also what are they?

A

Common insertion - greater tuberosity of humerus

Muscles: supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor

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18
Q

Origin and insertion of deltoid muscle

A

O - clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

I - Deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus

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19
Q

Innervation of deltoid muscle

A

Axillary nerve

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20
Q

Function of deltoid muscle

A

Abducts arm

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21
Q

Origin and insertion of biceps brachii muscle

A

O - Short head - coracoid process, long head - labrum/supraglenoid fossa
I - tuberosity of radius

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22
Q

Innervation of biceps brachii

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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23
Q

Function of biceps brachii

A

flexes elbow, and supinates forearm

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24
Q

What is the lateral epicondyle a common insertion for?

A

Extensor muscles of the forearm

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25
Q

What is the medial epicondyle a common insertion for?

A

Flexors of the forearm

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26
Q

What are the two types of muscles in the hand?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

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27
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles do?

A

control finger flexion, extension and movements of the wrist

Located on both anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm

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28
Q

what do the intrinsic muscles do?

A

Responsible for fine motor control of the hand

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29
Q

What is the thenar muscle made up of?

A

oppenons pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
innervation - median nerve

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30
Q

What is the hypothenar muscle made up of?

A

main muscle: abductor digiti minimi

innervation - ulnar nerve

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31
Q

What do the thenar muscles do?

A

Move the thumb

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32
Q

What does the hypthenar muscle do?

A

move the little finger

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33
Q

What do the interossei muscles do?

A

Move all the fingers

innervation: ulnar nerve

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34
Q

Interossei muscles

A 
Dorsal interossei (4 of them - DAB) - abduct the fingers at MCPJ
Palmar interossei (3 of them- PAD) - adducts the fingers at MCPJ
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35
Q

Lumbrical muscles

A

Four of them, 1 for each finger, crucial for movement
Link extensor and flexor tendons
Innervation: Lateral 2 = median, Medial 2 = ulnar

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36
Q

Name the two flexor tendons

A

Flexor digitorium superficialis (FDS)

Flexor digitorium profundas (FDP)

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37
Q

Where does the FDS flex the fingers at?

A

PIP joints

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38
Q

Where does the FDP flex the fingers at?

A

DIP joints

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39
Q

What are the flexor pulleys composed of?

A

Annular ligaments and cruciate pulleys

40
Q

How many annular ligaments are there?

A

5 - A1, A2, A3, A4, A5

A2 + A4 = prevent bowstrining
A1, A3 and A5 = overlie the MCP, PIP and DIP joints respetctively
A1 pulley most commonly involved in trigger finger

41
Q

Function of cruciate pulleys is?

A

Prevent sheath collapse and expansion during digital motion

42
Q

Muscular supply of median nerve

A

flexors of forearm, LOAF muscles

43
Q

How do you test muscular supply of median nerve

A

abductor pollicis brevis

44
Q

Cutaneous supply of median nerve

A

Radial 3 + 1/2 digits

TEST - tip of index finger and base of thenar muscles

45
Q

muscular supply of ulnar nerve

A

small muscles of hand (intrinsics)

46
Q

How do you test muscular supply of ulnar nerve

A

adductor digiti minimi, and adductor indicis

47
Q

Cutaneous supply of ulnar nerve

A

ulnar 1 + 1/2 digits

TEST - dorsum and volar aspect of little finger

48
Q

Muscular supply of radial nerve

A

extensors of forearm

49
Q

How do you test muscular supply of radial nerve

A

extensor digitorium communicis

extensor irdocis

50
Q

Cutaneous supply of radial nerve

A

variable portion of dorsum of hand

TEST - dorsum of first webspace

51
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

52
Q

Function of pronator teres?

A

pronates forearm

53
Q

function of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes and abducts hand at wrist

54
Q

function of palmaris longus

A

flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

55
Q

function of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes and adducts hand at wrist

56
Q

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radilais, and palmaris longus are supplied by what nerve?

57
Q

What nerve is the flexor carpi ulnaris supplied by?

A

ulnar nerve

58
Q

What muscle is in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexor digitorium superficialis

59
Q

What is the function of the flexor digitorium superficialis

A

flexes middle phalanges at PIP

60
Q

What nerve is the FDS supplied by

A

median nerve

61
Q

What muscles are in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexor digitorium profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus

62
Q

function of the medial part of flexor digitorium profundas

A

flexes distal phalanges 4+5 at DIP

63
Q

function of the lateral part of flexor digitorium profundas

A

flexes distal phalanges 2+3 at DIP

64
Q

what supplies the medial part of the FDP

A

ulnar nerve

65
Q

what supplies the lateral part of the FDP

A

median nerve

66
Q

function of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes phalanges of thumb

67
Q

function of pronator quadratus

A

pronates forearm

68
Q

what nerve are flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus supplied by?

A

median nerve

69
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A 
bracoradialis 
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radial brevis
extensor digitorium 
extensor carpi minimi 
extensor carpi ulnaris
70
Q

function bracoradialis?

A

weak flexion of forearm; maximum when forearm is in mid-pronated position

71
Q

function of extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

extend and abduct hand at wrist joint

72
Q

function of extensor digitorium

A

extends medial 4 digits at MCP joints

73
Q

function of carpi minimi

A

extends 5th digit at MCP joint

74
Q

function of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends and abducts hand at wrist joint

75
Q

What muscles in the superficial layer on the posterior compartment are supplied by the radial nerve?

A

bracoradialis

extensor carpi radialis brevis

76
Q

What muscles in the superficial layer on the posterior compartment are supplied by the deep branch of radial nerve?

A

extensor carpi radial brevis
extensor digitorium
extensor carpi minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris

77
Q

What muscles are in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

supinator

extensor incidis

78
Q

function of supinator

A

supinates forearm

79
Q

function of extensor incidis

A

extends 2nd digit

80
Q

what nerve supplies the supinator

A

deep branch of radial nerve

81
Q

what nerve supplies the extensor incidis

A

posterior interosseous nerve

82
Q

What muscles are in the outcropping muscles deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis

83
Q

function of abductor pollicis longus?

A

abducts thumb

84
Q

function of extensor pollicis longus?

A

extends distal phalanx of thumb

85
Q

function of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

extends proximal phalanx of thumb

86
Q

what nerve supplies abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis?

A

radial nerve

87
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial glutes?

A

gluteus maximus, minimis, medius and tensor fascia latae

88
Q

what nerve supplies the gluteus maximis

A

inferior gluteal nerve

89
Q

What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve supply

A

gluteus minimis, medius, and tesnor fascia latae

90
Q

What are the muscles of the deep glutes?

A

piriformis
superior and inferior gemelli
obturator internus
quadratas femoris

91
Q

function of gluteus maximus?

92
Q

function of gluteus minimus

A

adduction and medial rotation

93
Q

function of gluteus medius

A

adduction and medial rotation

94
Q

function of piriformis?

A

lateral rotation

95
Q

function of superior, and inferior gemelli, obturator internus, and quadratis femoris

A

stabilisation of hip

96
Q

what nerve supplies the deep glutes?

A

sacral plexus

MSK (4 decks)

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