Muscles Flashcards by Gowsikan Jeyakumar

Origin and Insertion of Trapezius Muscle

O - Spinous processes - T12

I - Occiput and spine of scapula

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Innervation of trapezius muscle

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

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Function of trapezius muscle

Elevates, retracts and depresses the scapula

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What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

Supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor, subscapularis

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Origin and insertion of Supraspintous muscle

O - Supraspinatous fossa

I - Greater tuberosity of humerus

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Innervation of supraspinatous

Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)

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Function of supraspinatous

Abduct arm

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Origin and insertion of infraspinatous muscle

O - infraspinatous fossa

I - greater tuberosity of humerus

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Innervation of infraspinatous

suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)

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Function of infraspinatous

Externally rotates arm

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Origin and insertion of teres minor muscle

O- distal surface of lateral border of scapula

I - greater tuberosity of humerus

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Innervation of teres minor

Axillary nerve

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Function of teres minor

Externally rotates arm

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Origin and insertion of subscapularis muscle

O - anterior surface of scapula

I - lesser tuberosity of humerus/shoulder capsule

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Innervation of subscapularis

Upper and lower subscapularis nerve

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Function of subscapularis

Internally rotates arm

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What is the common insertion of the first 3 muscles of the RC, and also what are they?

Common insertion - greater tuberosity of humerus

Muscles: supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor

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Origin and insertion of deltoid muscle

O - clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

I - Deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus

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Innervation of deltoid muscle

Axillary nerve

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Function of deltoid muscle

Abducts arm

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Origin and insertion of biceps brachii muscle

O - Short head - coracoid process, long head - labrum/supraglenoid fossa
I - tuberosity of radius

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Innervation of biceps brachii

Musculocutaneous nerve

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Function of biceps brachii

flexes elbow, and supinates forearm

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What is the lateral epicondyle a common insertion for?

Extensor muscles of the forearm

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What is the medial epicondyle a common insertion for?

Flexors of the forearm

What are the two types of muscles in the hand?

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

What do the extrinsic muscles do?

control finger flexion, extension and movements of the wrist | Located on both anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm

what do the intrinsic muscles do?

Responsible for fine motor control of the hand

What is the thenar muscle made up of?

oppenons pollicis flexor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis brevis innervation - median nerve

What is the hypothenar muscle made up of?

main muscle: abductor digiti minimi | innervation - ulnar nerve

What do the thenar muscles do?

Move the thumb

What does the hypthenar muscle do?

move the little finger

What do the interossei muscles do?

Move all the fingers | innervation: ulnar nerve

Interossei muscles

``` Dorsal interossei (4 of them - DAB) - abduct the fingers at MCPJ Palmar interossei (3 of them- PAD) - adducts the fingers at MCPJ ```

Lumbrical muscles

Four of them, 1 for each finger, crucial for movement Link extensor and flexor tendons Innervation: Lateral 2 = median, Medial 2 = ulnar

Name the two flexor tendons

Flexor digitorium superficialis (FDS) | Flexor digitorium profundas (FDP)

Where does the FDS flex the fingers at?

PIP joints

Where does the FDP flex the fingers at?

DIP joints

What are the flexor pulleys composed of?

Annular ligaments and cruciate pulleys

How many annular ligaments are there?

5 - A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 A2 + A4 = prevent bowstrining A1, A3 and A5 = overlie the MCP, PIP and DIP joints respetctively A1 pulley most commonly involved in trigger finger

Function of cruciate pulleys is?

Prevent sheath collapse and expansion during digital motion

Muscular supply of median nerve

flexors of forearm, LOAF muscles

How do you test muscular supply of median nerve

abductor pollicis brevis

Cutaneous supply of median nerve

Radial 3 + 1/2 digits | TEST - tip of index finger and base of thenar muscles

muscular supply of ulnar nerve

small muscles of hand (intrinsics)

How do you test muscular supply of ulnar nerve

adductor digiti minimi, and adductor indicis

Cutaneous supply of ulnar nerve

ulnar 1 + 1/2 digits | TEST - dorsum and volar aspect of little finger

Muscular supply of radial nerve

extensors of forearm

How do you test muscular supply of radial nerve

extensor digitorium communicis | extensor irdocis

Cutaneous supply of radial nerve

variable portion of dorsum of hand | TEST - dorsum of first webspace

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris

Function of pronator teres?

pronates forearm

function of flexor carpi radialis

flexes and abducts hand at wrist

function of palmaris longus

flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

function of flexor carpi ulnaris

flexes and adducts hand at wrist

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radilais, and palmaris longus are supplied by what nerve?

median

What nerve is the flexor carpi ulnaris supplied by?

ulnar nerve

What muscle is in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

flexor digitorium superficialis

What is the function of the flexor digitorium superficialis

flexes middle phalanges at PIP

What nerve is the FDS supplied by

median nerve

What muscles are in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

flexor digitorium profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus

function of the medial part of flexor digitorium profundas

flexes distal phalanges 4+5 at DIP

function of the lateral part of flexor digitorium profundas

flexes distal phalanges 2+3 at DIP

what supplies the medial part of the FDP

ulnar nerve

what supplies the lateral part of the FDP

median nerve

function of flexor pollicis longus

flexes phalanges of thumb

function of pronator quadratus

pronates forearm

what nerve are flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus supplied by?

median nerve

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

``` bracoradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radial brevis extensor digitorium extensor carpi minimi extensor carpi ulnaris ```

function bracoradialis?

weak flexion of forearm; maximum when forearm is in mid-pronated position

function of extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis?

extend and abduct hand at wrist joint

function of extensor digitorium

extends medial 4 digits at MCP joints

function of carpi minimi

extends 5th digit at MCP joint

function of extensor carpi ulnaris

extends and abducts hand at wrist joint

What muscles in the superficial layer on the posterior compartment are supplied by the radial nerve?

bracoradialis | extensor carpi radialis brevis

What muscles in the superficial layer on the posterior compartment are supplied by the deep branch of radial nerve?

extensor carpi radial brevis extensor digitorium extensor carpi minimi extensor carpi ulnaris

What muscles are in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

supinator | extensor incidis

function of supinator

supinates forearm

function of extensor incidis

extends 2nd digit

what nerve supplies the supinator

deep branch of radial nerve

what nerve supplies the extensor incidis

posterior interosseous nerve

What muscles are in the outcropping muscles deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis

function of abductor pollicis longus?

abducts thumb

function of extensor pollicis longus?

extends distal phalanx of thumb

function of extensor pollicis brevis?

extends proximal phalanx of thumb

what nerve supplies abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis?

radial nerve

What are the muscles of the superficial glutes?

gluteus maximus, minimis, medius and tensor fascia latae

what nerve supplies the gluteus maximis

inferior gluteal nerve

What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve supply

gluteus minimis, medius, and tesnor fascia latae

What are the muscles of the deep glutes?

piriformis superior and inferior gemelli obturator internus quadratas femoris

function of gluteus maximus?

extension

function of gluteus minimus

adduction and medial rotation

function of gluteus medius

adduction and medial rotation

function of piriformis?

lateral rotation

function of superior, and inferior gemelli, obturator internus, and quadratis femoris

stabilisation of hip

what nerve supplies the deep glutes?

sacral plexus