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Muscular Systems > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

platysma

A

broad, flat superficial, depresses lower lip, use it to “pout”

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2
Q

zygomaticus

A

turns corners of lips up (in smiling)

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3
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

draws corners of the mouth downward and laterally the “frowning” muscle

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4
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

closes eyelids, draws eyelids inferiorly, causes “crow’s feet”

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5
Q

orbicularis oris

A

closes/purses lips “kissing muscle”

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6
Q

buccinator

A

“trumpeter’s muscle” - helps blow air out of mouth, retracts angle of mouth, runs horizontally, is deep to the masseter

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7
Q

frontalis

A

raises eyebrows, draws scalp forward

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8
Q

temporalis

A

associated with TMJ, closes jaw & elevates mandible, inserts on mandible

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9
Q

massester

A

you can feel this muscle at the angle of your jaw when you clench your teeth, closes jaw & elevates and retracts mandible

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10
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

flexes neck (when both contract simulataneously), right muscle turns head to the left and vice versa: originates at sternum and inserts on skull, deep to the platysma

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11
Q

semispinalis

A

deep composite muscle of the back - thoracic, crevices & captious portions, acting together, extend head & vertebral column, acting independently, cause rotation towards the opposite side

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12
Q

broad, flat superficial, depresses lower lip, use it to “pout”

A

platysma

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13
Q

turns corners of lips up (in smiling)

A

zygomaticus

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14
Q

draws corners of the mouth downward and laterally the “frowning” muscle

A

depressor anguli oris

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15
Q

closes eyelids, draws eyelids inferiorly, causes “crow’s feet”

A

orbicularis oculi

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16
Q

closes/purses lips “kissing muscle”

A

orbicularis oris

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17
Q

“trumpeter’s muscle” - helps blow air out of mouth, retracts angle of mouth, runs horizontally, is deep to the masseter

A

buccinator

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18
Q

raises eyebrows, draws scalp forward

A

frontalis

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19
Q

associated with TMJ, closes jaw & elevates mandible, inserts on mandible

A

temporalis

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20
Q

you can feel this muscle at the angle of your jaw when you clench your teeth, closes jaw & elevates and retracts mandible

A

massester

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21
Q

flexes neck (when both contract simulataneously), right muscle turns head to the left and vice versa: originates at sternum and inserts on skull, deep to the platysma

A

sternocleidomastoid

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22
Q

deep composite muscle of the back - thoracic, crevices & captious portions, acting together, extend head & vertebral column, acting independently, cause rotation towards the opposite side

A

semispinalis

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23
Q

linea alba

A

a narrow white tendinous sheath that runs along the middle of the abdomen from the sternum to the pubic symphysis, it is formed by the fusion of the rectus abdominis aponeuroses

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24
Q

a narrow white tendinous sheath that runs along the middle of the abdomen from the sternum to the pubic symphysis, it is formed by the fusion of the rectus abdominis aponeuroses

A

linea alba

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25
Q

external abdominal oblique

A

compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates truck, fibers run superior to inferior to midline (linea alba)

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26
Q

internal abdominal oblique

A

compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates truck, fibers run perpendicular to external abdominal oblique which runs inferior to superior towards the linea alba

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27
Q

transversus abdominis

A

compresses abdominal wall, fibers run horizontally, deepest muscle of the abdominal wall

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28
Q

rectus abdominis

A

rectus - straight, flexes & rotates vertebral column, compresses abdomen, fibers run vertically, “six pack” or “washboard stomach” muscle

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29
Q

diaphragm

A

responsible for respiration (when it contracts-thoracic cavity expands-inspiration) like a trampoline

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30
Q

external intercostals

A

primarily inhalation (inspiration) originates on inferior rib margin/inserts on superior margin of rib below, fibers run “back to front” obliquely

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31
Q

internal intercostals

A

primary exhalation (expiration) originates on superior rib margin/inserts on interior margin of rib above, fibers run “front to back” obliquely

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32
Q

compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates truck, fibers run superior to inferior to midline (linea alba)

A

external abdominal oblique

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33
Q

compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates truck, fibers run perpendicular to external abdominal oblique which runs inferior to superior towards the linea alba

A

internal abdominal oblique

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34
Q

compresses abdominal wall, fibers run horizontally, deepest muscle of the abdominal wall

A

transversus abdominis

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35
Q

rectus - straight, flexes & rotates vertebral column, compresses abdomen, fibers run vertically, “six pack” or “washboard stomach” muscle

A

rectus abdominis

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36
Q

responsible for respiration (when it contracts-thoracic cavity expands-inspiration) like a trampoline

A

diaphragm

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37
Q

primarily inhalation (inspiration) originates on inferior rib margin/inserts on superior margin of rib below, fibers run “back to front” obliquely

A

external intercostals

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38
Q

primary exhalation (expiration) originates on superior rib margin/inserts on interior margin of rib above, fibers run “front to back” obliquely

A

internal intercostals

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39
Q

trapezius

A

large paired triangular (kite-shaped) muscle in upper back, extends head, elevates, stabilizes & depresses the scapula

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40
Q

Rhomboideus major

A

draws scapulae together (adducts them); rectangular shape

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41
Q

Rhomboideus minor

A

draws scapulae together; smaller than rhomboideus major

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42
Q

serratus anterior

A

“boxer muscle”; moves scapula forward toward chest wall; thrusts shoulder forward as when pushing something

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43
Q

pectoralis minor

A

deep to pectorals major; fibers run vertically; depresses glenoid cavity (shoulder joint) & raises ribs #3-5

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44
Q

deltoid

A

fan-shaped, thick muscle covering shoulder joint; commonly used for IM injections; major function to abduct arm; also flexes, extends & rotates arm

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45
Q

pectorals major

A

prime mover of arm flexion;superficial muscle with fibers running horizontally across chest (fan shaped); also medially rotates arm

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46
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

wide triangular muscle, pulls arm back in swimming, climbing, rowing; prime mover of arm extension: extends, adducts, medially rotates arm

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47
Q

supraspinatus

A

above (supra) the spine of the scapula (found deep to the trapezius); deltoid synergist; abducts arm; part of rotator cuff; prevents downward dislocation of the humerus

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48
Q

infraspinatus

A

below (infra) the spine of the scapula; laterally rotates and extends arm; part of rotator cuff

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49
Q

subscapularis

A

lies within the sub scapular fossa (depression on the deep surface of the scapula); medially rotates & extends arm; part of the rotator cuff

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50
Q

teres major

A

teres = long & round; connects scapula to humerus; medially rotates, extends & adducts arm

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51
Q

teres minor

A

like a slip off of the inferior aspect of the infraspinatus; laterally rotates, extends & adducts arm; part of rotator cuff

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52
Q

muscles that are part of rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis & teres minor

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53
Q

large paired triangular (kite-shaped) muscle in upper back, extends head, elevates, stabilizes & depresses the scapula

A

trapezius

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54
Q

draws scapulae together (adducts them); rectangular shape

A

Rhomboideus major

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55
Q

draws scapulae together; smaller than rhomboideus major

A

Rhomboideus minor

56
Q

“boxer muscle”; moves scapula forward toward chest wall; thrusts shoulder forward as when pushing something

A

serratus anterior

57
Q

deep to pectorals major; fibers run vertically; depresses glenoid cavity (shoulder joint) & raises ribs #3-5

A

pectoralis minor

58
Q

fan-shaped, thick muscle covering shoulder joint; commonly used for IM injections; major function to abduct arm; also flexes, extends & rotates arm

A

deltoid

59
Q

prime mover of arm flexion;superficial muscle with fibers running horizontally across chest (fan shaped); also medially rotates arm

A

pectorals major

60
Q

wide triangular muscle, pulls arm back in swimming, climbing, rowing; prime mover of arm extension: extends, adducts, medially rotates arm

A

latissimus dorsi

61
Q

above (supra) the spine of the scapula (found deep to the trapezius); deltoid synergist; abducts arm; part of rotator cuff; prevents downward dislocation of the humerus

A

supraspinatus

62
Q

below (infra) the spine of the scapula; laterally rotates and extends arm; part of rotator cuff

A

infraspinatus

63
Q

lies within the sub scapular fossa (depression on the deep surface of the scapula); medially rotates & extends arm; part of the rotator cuff

A

subscapularis

64
Q

teres = long & round; connects scapula to humerus; medially rotates, extends & adducts arm

A

teres major

65
Q

like a slip off of the inferior aspect of the infraspinatus; laterally rotates, extends & adducts arm; part of rotator cuff

A

teres minor

66
Q

biceps brachii

A

the muscle that bulges when you flex your forearm; “2-headed”; long and short tendons both originate on the scapula; rotates hand (supination of hand, as in turning a doorknob); flexes forearm (insertion is all the way down on the radius…ie muscle “crosses” two joints)

67
Q

triceps brachii

A

muscle on the “back” of the arm; 3-headed; originates on both scapula and humorous; inserts all the way down on the olecranon process of the ulna; extends forearm (antagonist to biceps brachia)

68
Q

brachialis

A

deep to biceps; major flexor of the forearm

69
Q

brachioradialis

A

distal and most lateral forearm muscle; superficial; flexes forearm

70
Q

supinator

A

wraps around radius; deepest proximal muscle of the forearm; supinates hand (acts with biceps)

71
Q

flexors

A

as a group…these flex the hand and phalanges; are found on the “palm side” of the arm

72
Q

extensors

A

as a group…these extend the hand and are found on the “back” of the hand

73
Q

the muscle that bulges when you flex your forearm; “2-headed”; long and short tendons both originate on the scapula; rotates hand (supination of hand, as in turning a doorknob); flexes forearm (insertion is all the way down on the radius…ie muscle “crosses” two joints)

A

biceps brachii

74
Q

muscle on the “back” of the arm; 3-headed; originates on both scapula and humorous; inserts all the way down on the olecranon process of the ulna; extends forearm (antagonist to biceps brachia)

A

triceps brachii

75
Q

deep to biceps; major flexor of the forearm

A

brachialis

76
Q

distal and most lateral forearm muscle; superficial; flexes forearm

A

brachioradialis

77
Q

wraps around radius; deepest proximal muscle of the forearm; supinates hand (acts with biceps)

A

supinator

78
Q

as a group…these flex the hand and phalanges; are found on the “palm side” of the arm

A

flexors

79
Q

as a group…these extend the hand and are found on the “back” of the hand

A

extensors

80
Q

iliopsoas

A

composite of iliac muscle and posts major muscle; strong hip flexor found deep within the pelvic musculature

81
Q

sartorius

A

straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across the anterior surface of the thigh to the knee; allows you to sit cross-legged (sometimes called the “tailor’s muscle”); flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee

82
Q

gracilis

A

thin, straplike, superficial and medial; adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg in walking

83
Q

pectineus

A

small, triangular muscle; proximal thigh; adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

84
Q

adductors

A

as a group, adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh at the hip; all originate on the pelvis and insert on the line aspera of the femur

85
Q

adductor brevis

A

just under pectinous; shortest and deepest of the 3 “adductors”, adducts, flexes and rotates thigh medially

86
Q

adductor longus

A

middle “adductor”; adducts, flexes and rotates thigh medially

87
Q

adductor magnus

A

largest, most distal “adductor”; adducts, extends and rotates thigh medially

88
Q

composite of iliac muscle and posts major muscle; strong hip flexor found deep within the pelvic musculature

A

iliopsoas

89
Q

straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across the anterior surface of the thigh to the knee; allows you to sit cross-legged (sometimes called the “tailor’s muscle”); flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee

A

sartorius

90
Q

thin, straplike, superficial and medial; adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg in walking

A

gracilis

91
Q

small, triangular muscle; proximal thigh; adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

A

pectineus

92
Q

as a group, adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh at the hip; all originate on the pelvis and insert on the line aspera of the femur

A

adductors

93
Q

just under pectinous; shortest and deepest of the 3 “adductors”, adducts, flexes and rotates thigh medially

A

adductor brevis

94
Q

middle “adductor”; adducts, flexes and rotates thigh medially

A

adductor longus

95
Q

largest, most distal “adductor”; adducts, extends and rotates thigh medially

A

adductor magnus

96
Q

tensor fascia latae

A

enclosed within fascia of the thigh, which blends into the iliotibial tract; is a synergist to the iliopsoas; flexes, abducts and medially rotates thigh

97
Q

iliotibial tract

A

a thickened lateral portion of the tensor fascia late, which ensheathes all the muscles of the thigh; extends as a tendinous band from the iliac crest to the knee

98
Q

quadriceps group

A

as a group…extend the knee; form the flesh of the anterior thigh and have a common insertion on the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon; powerful leg extensors

99
Q

rectus femoris

A

rectus=straight;; runs straight down the femur and is superficial;extends knee; only one of the 4 that also flexes the thigh at the hip (only one to cross the hip joint)

100
Q

All vastus muscles are commonly used for injections

True or False

A

True

101
Q

vastus lateralis

A

most lateral; forms lateral aspect of thigh; extends and stabilizes knee

102
Q

vastus intermedius

A

deep to rectus femurs and between the lateralis and medals; extends knee

103
Q

vastus medialis

A

most medial; extends knee, stabilizes patella

104
Q

enclosed within fascia of the thigh, which blends into the iliotibial tract; is a synergist to the iliopsoas; flexes, abducts and medially rotates thigh

A

tensor fascia latae

105
Q

a thickened lateral portion of the tensor fascia late, which ensheathes all the muscles of the thigh; extends as a tendinous band from the iliac crest to the knee

A

iliotibial tract

106
Q

as a group…extend the knee; form the flesh of the anterior thigh and have a common insertion on the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon; powerful leg extensors

A

quadriceps group

107
Q

rectus=straight;; runs straight down the femur and is superficial;extends knee; only one of the 4 that also flexes the thigh at the hip (only one to cross the hip joint)

A

rectus femoris

108
Q

most lateral; forms lateral aspect of thigh; extends and stabilizes knee

A

vastus lateralis

109
Q

deep to rectus femurs and between the lateralis and medals; extends knee

A

vastus intermedius

110
Q

most medial; extends knee, stabilizes patella

A

vastus medialis

111
Q

gluteals

A

as a group, abduct thigh; all originate on the iliac blade and insert on the femur

112
Q

gluteus maximus

A

power extensor of the hip; largest muscle in the body; most superficial gluteal; used to raise the body from a sitting position; rotates thigh laterally and abducts thigh

113
Q

gluteus medius

A

common injection site; partially covered by gluteus maximus; helps to support and maintain normal posture of the pelvis; rotates thigh medially, abducts thigh

114
Q

gluteus minimus

A

smallest and deepest gluteal muscle; rotates thigh medially, abducts thigh

115
Q

as a group, abduct thigh; all originate on the iliac blade and insert on the femur

A

gluteals

116
Q

power extensor of the hip; largest muscle in the body; most superficial gluteal; used to raise the body from a sitting position; rotates thigh laterally and abducts thigh

A

gluteus maximus

117
Q

common injection site; partially covered by gluteus maximus; helps to support and maintain normal posture of the pelvis; rotates thigh medially, abducts thigh

A

gluteus medius

118
Q

smallest and deepest gluteal muscle; rotates thigh medially, abducts thigh

A

gluteus minimus

119
Q

hamstrings

A

as a group, strong extensors of the hips; counteract the quadriceps group by stabilizing the knee; fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh; all originate at the ischial tuberosity; named from the common practice (years ago) of tying muscle tendons together to hand a slaughtered pig by

120
Q

biceps femoris

A

2-headed; most lateral of the hamstrings; extends thigh, flexes knee, rotates leg laterally

121
Q

semitendinosis

A

has a pencil-like distal tendon; extends thigh, flexes knee, rotates leg medially, superficial to semimembranosus

122
Q

semimembranosus

A

flat, membranous distal tendon; deep to semitendinosis; extends thigh, flexes knee, rotates leg medially

123
Q

as a group, strong extensors of the hips; counteract the quadriceps group by stabilizing the knee; fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh; all originate at the ischial tuberosity; named from the common practice (years ago) of tying muscle tendons together to hand a slaughtered pig by

A

hamstrings

124
Q

2-headed; most lateral of the hamstrings; extends thigh, flexes knee, rotates leg laterally

A

biceps femoris

125
Q

has a pencil-like distal tendon; extends thigh, flexes knee, rotates leg medially, superficial to semimembranosus

A

semitendinosis

126
Q

flat, membranous distal tendon; deep to semitendinosis; extends thigh, flexes knee, rotates leg medially

A

semimembranosus

127
Q

gastrocnemius

A

superficial, posterior compartment; has 2 prominent bellies; crosses knee joint; inserts on the calcaneus via the Achilles tendon; plantar flexes foot, flexes knee

128
Q

soleus

A

deep to gastrocnemius; does not cross knee; planter flexes food (also inserts via Achilles tendon)

129
Q

tibialis anterior

A

superficial muscle of anterior leg which runs parallel to the sharp anterior margin of the tibia; inserts medially; inverts foot, dorsiflexes foot

130
Q

flexors

A

as a group…allow plantar flexes and curling of toes; on the “back” of the leg

131
Q

extensors

A

as a group…allow dorsiflexion of the foot; on the “front” of the leg

132
Q

superficial, posterior compartment; has 2 prominent bellies; crosses knee joint; inserts on the calcaneus via the Achilles tendon; plantar flexes foot, flexes knee

A

gastrocnemius

133
Q

deep to gastrocnemius; does not cross knee; planter flexes food (also inserts via Achilles tendon)

A

soleus

134
Q

superficial muscle of anterior leg which runs parallel to the sharp anterior margin of the tibia; inserts medially; inverts foot, dorsiflexes foot

A

tibialis anterior

135
Q

as a group…allow plantar flexes and curling of toes; on the “back” of the leg

A

flexors

136
Q

as a group…allow dorsiflexion of the foot; on the “front” of the leg

A

extensors

Muscular Systems (4 decks)

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