Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Med pectoral nerve: C8, T1

Stabilises scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Lat & med pectoral nerves:
Clavicular head: C5&6
Sternocostal head: C7&8, T1

Adducts & medially rotates humerus
Moves scapula ant & inf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Subclavius

A

Nerve to subclavius: C5&6

Anchors & depresses clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve: C5-7

Protracts scapula (holds against thoracic wall)
Rotates scapula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Musculocutaneous nerve: C5-7

Supinates forearm
Flexes forearm (when supine)
Shirt head resists shoulder dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve: C5-7

Helps flex & adduct arm
Resists shoulder dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brachialis

A

Musculocutaneous: C5&6
Lateral part - Radial: C5&7

Flexes forearm (all positions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Radial: C6-8

Chief extensor of forearm
Long head - resists humerus dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aconeus

A

Radial: C7&8, T1

Assists triceps in extending forearm
Stabilises elbow joint
May abduct ulna in pronation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pronator teres

A

Median nerve: C6&7

Pronates & flexes forearm @ elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Median nerve (C6&7)

Flexes & abducts hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Median nerve: C7&8

Flexes hand @ wrist
Tenses palmar aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve: C7&8

Flexes & adducts hand @ wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median nerve (C7&8, T1)

Flexes middle phalanges @ proximal interphalangeal joints
& proximal phalanges @ metacarpophalangeal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Medial: ulnar nerve: C8, T1
Lateral: median nerve: C8, T1

Flexes distal phalanges 2-5 @ distal interphalangeal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Median nerve: C8, T1

Flexes phalanges @ 1st digit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Median nerve: C8, T1

Pronates forearm
Deep fibres bind radius & ulna together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Radial nerve: C5-7

Weak flexion of forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis

A

Radial nerve: C7&8

Extend & abduct hand @ wrist joint
ECRL active during fist clenching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Radial nerve: C7&8

Extends medial 4 digits & metacarpophalangeal (primary) & interphalangeal (secondary) joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Radial nerve: C7&8

Extends 5th digit @ metacarpophalyngeal (primary) & interphalangeal (secondary) joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Radial nerve: C7&8

Extends & adducts hand @ wrist joint
Active during fist clenching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Supinator

A

Radial nerve: C7&8

Supinates forearm (rotates radius)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Radial nerve: C7&8

Extends 2nd digit independently
Helps extend hand @ wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Radial nerve: C7&8

Abducts thumb
Extends & carpometacarpal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Radial nerve: C7&8

Extends distal phalynx of thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Radial nerve: C7&8

Extends proximal phalynx of thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Trapezius

A

Accessory nerve

Upper fibres elevate & rotate scapula during arm abduction
Middle fibres retract scapula
Lower fibres pull scapula inferorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

Extends, adducts & medially rotates upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

Elevates scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Rhomboids (major & minor)

A

Dorsal scapula nerve

Retracts & rotates scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Deltoid

A

Axillary nerve

Anterior fibres flex arm @ shoulder
Posterior fibres extend arm @ shoulder
Middle fibres major abductor of arm
(takes over from supraspinatus after 1st 15 degrees of abduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Teres major

A

Lower subscapular nerve

Adducts shoulder
Medially rotates arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

Abducts arm 0-15 degrees (then assists deltoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

Laterally rotates arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Subscapularis

A

Upper & lower subscapular nerves

Medially rotates arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

Laterally rotates arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Opposes the thumb, by medially rotating and flexing the metacarpal on the trapezium.

Median nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Abducts the thumb.

Median nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Flexes the MCP joint of the thumb.

Median nerve.

40
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

rotates the metacarpal of the little finger towards the palm, producing opposition.

Ulnar nerve.

41
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Abducts the little finger.

Ulnar nerve.

42
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Flexes the MCP joint of the little finger.

Ulnar Nerve.

43
Q

Lumbricals

A

flex at the MCP joint, and extend at the IP joints of each finger.

medial two lumbricals (of the little and ring fingers):ulnar nerve.
lateral two lumbricals (of the index and middle fingers): median nerve

44
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Abduct the fingers at the MCP joint.

Ulnar nerve.

45
Q

Palmar interossei

A

Adducts the fingers at the MCP joint.

Ulnar nerve.

46
Q

Palmaris brevis

A

Wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand, improving grip.

Ulnar nerve.

47
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Adductor of the thumb.

Ulnar nerve.

48
Q

Iliopsoas

A

flexes the lower limb at the hip joint and assists in lateral rotation at the hip joint.

psoas major: anterior rami of L1-3
iliacus: femoral nerve.

49
Q

Rectus femoris

A

only muscle of the quadriceps to cross both the hip and knee joints
flexes the leg at the hip joint, and extends at the knee joint.

Femoral nerve.

50
Q

Sartorius

A

At the hip joint, it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator.
At the knee joint, it is also a flexor.

Femoral nerve.

51
Q

Pectineus

A

Adduction and flexion at the hip joint.

Femoral nerve.

52
Q

Adductor magnus

Adductor & hamstring part

A

both adduct the thigh
adductor component also flexes the thigh
hamstring portion extending the thigh.

Adductor part: obturator nerve (L2-L4),
hamstring part: tibial nerve (L4-S3).

53
Q

Adductor longus

A

Adduction and medial rotation of the thigh.

Obturator nerve (L2-L4).

54
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Adduction of the thigh.

Obturator nerve (L2-L4).

55
Q

Obturator externis

A

Laterally rotates the thigh.

Obturator nerve (L2-L4).

56
Q

Gracillis

A

Adduction of the thigh at the hip, and flexion of the leg at the knee.

Obturator nerve (L2-L4).

57
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Mainly flexion at the knee
also extends the leg at the hip, and laterally rotates at the hip and knee.

Long head: tibial part of the sciatic nerve
short head: common fibular part of the sciatic nerve.

58
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
Extension of thigh at the hip
Medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint and the leg at the knee joint.

Tibial part of the sciatic nerve.

59
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
Extension of thigh at the hip
Medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint and the leg at the knee joint.

Tibial part of the sciatic nerve.

60
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

main extensor of the thigh
and assists with lateral rotation
(only used when force is required, such as running or climbing)

Inferior gluteal nerve.

61
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb
During locomotion, secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.

Superior gluteal nerve.

62
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb.
During locomotion, secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.

Superior gluteal nerve.

63
Q

Piriformis

A

Lateral rotation and abduction.

Nerve to piriformis.

64
Q

Obturator internis

A

Lateral rotation and abduction.

Nerve to obturator internus.

65
Q

Gemelli (superior & inferior)

A

Lateral rotation and abduction.

The superior gemellus: nerve to obturator internus
inferior gemellus: nerve to quadratus femoris.

66
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Lateral rotation.

Nerve to quadratus femoris.

67
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infrasoinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

68
Q

Muscles extending upper limb

A

Posterior deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

69
Q

Muscles flexing upper limb

A

Biceps brachii
Pectoralis major
Anterior deltoid
Coracobrachalis

70
Q

Muscles medially rotating upper limb

A 
Subscapularis
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Anterior deltoid
71
Q

Muscles laterally rotating upper limb

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

72
Q

Muscles that abduct arm

A

Supraspinatus (15 – 20°)
Deltoid (90°)
Upper and lower fibres of the trapezius (above 90°)
Serratus anterior

73
Q

Muscles flexing elbow (& nerves that innervate)

A

Brachialis – Musculocutaneous;
Biceps brachii – Musculocutaneous;
Brachioradialis – Radial nerve

74
Q

6 movements of scapula & muscles that produce them

A

Protraction – Serratus anterior
Retraction – (Middle fibres of) trapezius, rhomboids
Elevation – (Upper fibres of) trapezius, levator scapulae
Depression – (gravity) (relaxation of elevator muscles)
Lateral rotation/upward rotation – upper and lower fibres of trapezius
Medial rotation/downward rotation – Latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids (tilt glenoid cavity inferiorly)

NB In lateral/upward rotation of the scapula, the glenoid cavity moving superiorly (i.e. when upper limb is abducted).
Converse is true for medial/downward rotation.

75
Q

Movements of the wrist

A

Flexion - Produced mainly by the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, with assistance from the flexor digitorum superficialis.

Extension - Produced mainly by the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris, with assistance from the extensor digitorum.

Adduction (ulnar deviation) - Produced by the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris

Abduction (radial deviation) - Produced by the abductor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis.

76
Q

Movements of the radio ulnar joint

A

Pronation: Produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teres.

Supination: Produced by the supinator and biceps brachii.

77
Q

Muscles extending the elbow

A

Triceps brachii

anconeus

78
Q

Movements of the shoulder joint

A

Extension (upper limb backwards in sagittal plane)
Produced by the posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi and teres major.

Flexion (upper limb forwards in sagittal plane)
Produced by the biceps brachii (both heads), pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and corocobrachialis.

Abduction (upper limb away from midline in coronal plane)
The first 0-15 degrees of abduction is produced by the supraspinatus. The middle fibres of the deltoid are responsible for the next 15-90 degrees. Past 90 degrees, the scapula needs to be rotated to achieve abduction – that is carried out by the trapezius and serratus anterior.

Adduction (upper limb towards midline in coronal plane)
Produced by contraction of pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major.

Medial Rotation (rotation towards the midline, so that the thumb is pointing medially)
Produced by contraction of subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and anterior deltoid.
Lateral Rotation (rotation away from the midline, so that the thumb is pointing laterally)
Produced by contraction of the infraspinatus and teres minor.
79
Q

Movements of hip & muscles responsible

A

Flexion: Iliosoas, rectus femoris, sartorius

Extension: Gluteus maximus, semimembranous,semitendinosus and biceps femoris

Abduction: Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and the deep gluteals (piriformis, gemelli etc)

Adduction: Adductors longus, brevis and magnus,pectineus and gracillis

Lateral rotation: Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and the deep gluteals (piriformis, gemelli etc)

Medial rotation: Gluteus medius and minimus, semitendinosus and semimembranosus

80
Q

Movements of the knee

A

Extension: Produced by the quadriceps femoris, which inserts into the tibial tuberosity.
Flexion: Produced by the hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus.
Lateral rotation: Produced by the biceps femoris.
Medial rotation: Produced by five muscles; semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus.

NB: Lateral and medial rotation can only occur when the knee is flexed (if the knee is not flexed, the medial/lateral rotation occurs at the hip joint).

81
Q

Muscles of anterior leg & collective action

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorun longus
extensor hallucis longus
(fibularis tertius)

Dorsiflex & invert foot

82
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Deep fibular nerve

Strongest dorsiflexor
Foot inversion

83
Q

Extensor digitorum longus (leg)

A

Deep fibular nerve

Extension of lateral 4 toes
Dorsiflexion of foot

84
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Deep fibular nerve

Extension of great toe
Dorsiflexion of foot

85
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

Deep fibular nerve

Eversion & dorsiflexion

(Not present in all individuals
Arises from inferior part of EDL)

86
Q

Muscles of lateral part of leg & their collective action

A 
Fibularis longus (peroneal longus)
Fibularis brevis (peroneal brevis)

Eversion

87
Q

Finularis longus

A

Superficial fibular nerve

Eversion & plantar flexion
Supports lateral & transverse arches

88
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

Superficial fibular nerve

Eversion of foot

89
Q

Muscles of the posterior lower leg & their collective action & innervation

A

Superficial:
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

Deep:
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

Plantar flex & invert foot
Tibial nerve

90
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Plantarflex @ ankle joint
Knee flexor

Tibial nerve

91
Q

Plantaris

A

Plantarflexes @ ankle joint
Knee flexor
(Minor role)

Tibial nerve

92
Q

Soleus

A

Plantarflexes @ ankle joint

Tibial nerve

93
Q

Popliteus

A

Laterally rotates femur on tibia
(‘Unlocking’ the knee joint so flexion can occur)

Tibial nerve

94
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Inverts & plantarflexes the foot
Maintains medial arch of the foot

Tibial nerve

95
Q

Flexor digitorum longus (of leg)

A

Flexes lateral 4 toes

Tibial nerve

96
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Flexes great toe

Tibial nerve

97
Q

Insertion points of biceps brachii

A

Long head:
Supraglenoid tubercle on scapula

Short head:
Coracoid process

Both insert as biceps tendon on bicipital tuberosity on radius & biciptal aponeurosis on ulnar

98
Q

Flexor retinaculum attachments

A

Turns the carpal arch into the carpal tunnel by bridging the space between the medial and lateral parts of the arch.
Originates on the lateral side and inserts on the medial side of the carpal arch.
(Formed laterally by the scaphoid and trapezium tubercles
Formed medially by the hook of the hamate and the pisiform)

MSK (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions