Borders Flashcards
Cubital fossa
Lateral border - medial border of the brachioradialis muscle
Medial border- lateral border of the pronator teres muscle
Superior border- imaginary line between the epicondyles of the humerus.
floor - proximally: brachialis, distally: supinator muscle.
roof - skin and fascia, reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis.
Within the roof: median cubital vein
Axilla
Apex – (axillary inlet) lateral border of the first rib, superior border of scapula, and the posterior border of the clavicle.
Lateral wall – intertubecular groove of the humerus.
Medial wall – serratus anterior and the thoracic wall (ribs and intercostal muscles).
Anterior wall – pectoralis major and the underlying pectoralis minor and the subclavius muscles.
Posterior wall – subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi.
Carpal tunnel (contents)
9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths:
tendon of flexor pollicis longus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
The 8 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis are surrounded by a single synovial sheath.
The tendon of flexor pollicis longus is surrounded by its own synovial sheath. These sheaths allow free movement of the tendons.
Median Nerve
Anatomical snuff box
Ulnar (medial) border: Tendon of the extensor pollicis longus.
Radial (lateral) border: Tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.
Proximal border: Styloid process of the radius.
Floor: Carpal bones; scaphoid and trapezium.
Roof: Skin.
Femoral triangle
Superior border – inguinal ligament (runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubis tubercle)
Lateral border – medial border of the sartorius muscle.
Medial border – medial border of the adductor longus muscle.
(rest of this muscle forms part of the floor of the triangle)
Anteriorly, roof formed by the fascia lata.
Posteriorly, base formed by the pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus muscles.
inguinal ligament acts as a flexor retinaculum, supporting the contents of the femoral triangle during flexion at the hip.
Femoral canal
Medial border – Lacunar ligament.
Lateral border – Femoral vein.
Anterior border – Inguinal ligament.
Posterior border – Pectineal ligament, superior rami of the pubi and the pectineus muscle
opening at its superior border: femoral ring
femoral ring closed by a connective tissue layer: femoral septum; pierced by the lymphatic vessels exiting the canal.
Popliteal fossa
Superiomedial border: Semimembranosus.
Superiolateral border: Biceps femoris.
Inferiomedial border: Medial head of the gastrocnemius.
Inferiolateral border: Lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris.
Axilla: contents
Axillary artery (medial and posterior parts)
Axillary vein
Brachial plexus
Biceps brachii and corocobrachialis tendons
(attaching to coracoid process of the scapula)
Axillary Lymph nodes
Arterial supply to upper limb:
Land marks & name changes
begins in the chest as the subclavian artery
right subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk
left subclavian branches directly off the arch of aorta.
Axillary arteries: When the subclavian arteries cross the lateral edge of the 1st rib & they enter the axilla, and are called axillary arteries.
posterior and anterior circumflex humeral arteries arise @ level of the humeral surgical neck
subscapular artery also arises here
axillary artery becomes brachial artery at the level of the teres major muscle (lower border)
Immediately distal to the teres major, the brachial artery gives rise to the profunda brachii: deep artery of the arm
travels along the posterior surface of the humerus, running in the radial groove.
The brachial artery descends down the arm immediately posterior to the median nerve.
As it crosses the cubital fossa, underneath the brachialis muscle, the brachial artery terminates by bifurcating into the radial and ulnar arteries.
The two arteries anastamose in the hand, by forming two arches, the superficial palmar arch, and the deep palmar arch.
Cubital fossa: contents (lateral to medial)
Radial nerve (not always strictly considered part of the cubital fossa, but is in the vicinity, passing underneath the brachioradialis muscle)
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Femoral triangle: contents
Femoral nerve - Innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh, and provides sensory branches for the leg and foot.
Femoral artery – Responsible for the majority of the arterial supply to the lower limb.
Femoral vein – The great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein within the triangle.
(Empty space)
Femoral canal - A structure which contains deep lymph nodes and vessels.
Femoral sheath: contents
femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal
(Not femoral nerve)
(a fascial compartment)
Adductor canal:
What it is
Anatomical course
Borders
Contents
Aponeurotic tunnel in middle 1/3 of thigh
From apex of femoral triangle to opening in adductor magnus
(adductor hiatus).
Btw ant & med compartment of thigh
Anteriorly: sartorius
Posteromedially: adductor longus & adductor magnus
Laterally: vastus medialis
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Branches of femoral nerve
Popliteal fossa: contents
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
Capral arch
Formed laterally by the scaphoid and trapezium tubercles
Formed medially by the hook of the hamate and the pisiform
Point of attachment for flexor retinaculum
