Muscles Flashcards
Trapezius
ACTION
Upper: elevation of scapula, scapular upward rotation
With insertion fixed: bilateral: cervical extension, capital extension; unilateral: extension and lateral flexion of head and neck to same side, rotation of head and neck to opposite side (the above combine to turn the face toward the opposite, which Kendall utilizes in her unilateral MMT for the upper trapexius)
Middle: adduction of scapula
Lower: depression of scapula, adduction of scapula, scapular upward rotation
NERVE
CN XI/Spinal Accessory, (C3, C4)
Rhomboid Major and Minor
ACTION: scapular adduction, scapular downward rotation, scapular elevation
NERVE: dorsal scapular (C5)
Levator Scapulae
ACTION: scapular elevation, scapular adduction, scapular downward rotation, cervical rotation to same side (unilateral action), cervical side bending to same side (unilateral), assist cervical extension (bilateral action)
NERVE: Dorsal scapular (C3, C4)
Serratus Anterior
ACTION: scapular abduction, scapular upward rotation, keeps medial border of scapula drawn anteriorly close to thoracic wall; prevents ‘winging’
NERVE: Long Thoracic (C5-C7)
Pectoralis Minor
ACTION: scapular protraction (Kendall calls it anterior tilt of scapula), elevation of ribs in forced inspiration with scapula fixed by levator scapulae
NERVE: medial and lateral pectoral (C5-T1)
Latissimus Dorsi
ACTION: Shoulder extension, shoulder adduction, shoulder internal rotation, *hyperextension of spine (acting bilaterally with humeral attachment fixed), *anterior tilt of pelvis (acting bilaterally with humeral attachment fixed)
NERVE: thoracodorsal (C6-C8)
Pectoralis Major
ACTION:
Whole: shoulder adduction, shoulder internal rotation, elevation of thorax in forced inspiration (with upper extremities fixed)
Upper (clavicular): shoulder internal rotation, shoulder flexion, shoulder horizontal adduction
Lower (sternocostal): obliquelly adduct shoulder (toward opposite hip), shoulder extension
NERVE:
Upper fibers: lateral pectoral (C5-C7)
Lower fibers: medial and lateral (C6-T1)
Subscapularis
ACTION: shoulder internal rotation, stabilization of GH joint
NERVE: upper subscapular and lower subscapular (C5, C6)
Subclavius
ACTION: assist shoulder depression, depresses and moves clavicle forward
NERVE: nerve to subclavius (off brachial plexus) (C5, C6)
Deltoid
ACTION:
Anterior: shoulder flexion, shoulder internal rotation, abduction, shoulder horizontal adduction
Middle: shoulder abduction
Posterior: shoulder extension, shoulder external rotation, abduction, shoulder horizontal abduction
NERVE: axillary (C5, C6)
Supraspinatus
ACTION: shoulder abduction, stabilization of GH joint
NERVE: suprascapular (C5, C6)
Infraspinatus
ACTION: shoulder external rotation, stabilization of GH joint
NERVE: suprascapular (C5, C6)
Teres Minor
ACTION: shoulder external rotation, stabilization of GH joint
NERVE: axillary (C5, C6)
Teres Major
ACTION: shoulder extension (from a fixed position), shoulder adduction, shoulder internal rotation
NERVE: lower subscapular (C5, C6)
Coracobrachialis
ACTION: shoulder flexion, shoulder adduction
NERVE: musculocutaneous (C5-C7)
Biceps Brachii
ACTION: shoulder flexion (not in book), elbow flexion, forearm supination, stabilization of GH joint
NERVE: musculocutaneous (C5, C6)
Brachialis
ACTION: elbow flexion
NERVE: musculocutaneous (C5, C6)
note: some consider radial and C7 (due to small contribution to lateral part of muscle; we will not include it for testing purposes – just go with musculocutaneous and C5, C6)
Triceps Brachii
ACTION:
Whole: elbow extension
Long Head: also assists in shoulder extension and adduction
NERVE: radial (C6-C8)
Brachioradialis
ACTION: elbow flexion
NERVE: radial (C5, C6)
Anconeus
ACTION: elbow extension (weak)
NERVE: radial (C6-C8)
Supinator
ACTION: supination of forearm
NERVE: radial (C6, C7)
Pronator Teres
ACTION: pronation of forearm, assists elbow flexion
NERVE: median (C6, C7)
Pronator Quadratus
ACTION: pronation of forearm
NERVE: median (anterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
ACTION: wrist extension, radial (abduction) deviation, assist elbow flexion
NERVE: radial (C6, C7)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
ACTION: wrist extension, assit radial deviation
NERVE: radial (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
ACTION: wrist extension, ulnar (adduction) deviation
NERVE: radial (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
Flexor Carpi Radialis
ACTION: wrist flexion, radial deviation (abduction), assist elbow flexion, assist forearm pronation
NERVE: median (C6, C7)
Palmaris Longus
ACTION: wrist flexion, tenses palmar fascia
NERVE: median (C7, C8)
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
ACTION: wrist flexion, ulnar deviation (adduction), assist elbow flexion
NERVE: ulnar (C7-T1)
Extensor Digitorum
ACTION: MP extension (2-5 digits), IP extension in conjunction with the hand intrinsics (2-5 digits); without the intrinsics produces MP hyperextension, assist wrist extension
NERVE: radial (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
Extensor Indicis
ACTION: MP extension of index finger, IP extension in conjunction with the hand intrinsics in the index finder, assist wrist extension
NERVE: radial (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
ACTION: PIP flexion (2-5 digits), assist MP flexion (2-5 digits), assist wrist flexion
NERVE: medial (C8, T1)
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
ACTION: DIP flexion (2-5 digits), assist MP and PIP flexion (2-5 digits), assist wrist flexion
NERVE: median (anterior interosseous) for digits 2 and 3 (C8, T1), ulnar for digits 4 and 5 (C8-T1)
Extensor Digiti Minimi
ACTION: little finger MP and IP extension IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE HAND INTRINSICS IN LITTLE FINGER, assist wrist extension
NERVE: radial (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
Abductor Digiti Minimi
ACTION: little finger abduction, assist little finger opposition, may assist little finger MCP flexion and IP extension
NERVE: ulnar (deep branch) (C8, T1)
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
ACTION: little finger MP flexion, assist little finger opposition
NERVE: ulnar (deep branch) (C8, T1)
Opponens Digiti Minimi
ACTION: little finger opposition
NERVE: ulnar (deep branch) (C8, T1)
Palmaris Brevis
ACTION: corrugates skin on ulnar side of head
NERVE: ulnar (superficial branch) (C8, T1)
Lumbricales
ACTION: MP flexion and simultaneous IP extension, 4th lumbrical assist opposition of 5th digit
NERVE: median for 1st and 2nd lumbricales (C8, T1), ulnar for 3rd and 4th lumbricales (C8, T1)
Dorsal Interossei
ACTION: MP abduction at the index, middle and ring fingers, assist MP flexion, assist IP extension, the 1st assist thumb adduction
NERVE: ulnar (deep branch) (C8, T1)
Palmar Interossei
ACTION: MP adduction at the index, ring and little fingers, assist MP flexion, assist IP extension, assist opposition of digit 5 (3rd interoseus)
NERVE: ulnar (deep branch) (C8, T1)
Abductor Pollicis Longus
ACTION: thumb CMC abduction, thumb CMC extension radial deviation, assist wrist flexion (weak)
NERVE: radial (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
Extensor Pollicis Longus
ACTION: thumb IP extension, assist thumb MP extension, assist thumb CMC extension, assist radial deviation
NERVE: radial (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
ACTION: thumb MP extension, thumb CMC extension, thumb CMC abduction, assist radial deviation, assist wrist extension
NERVE: radial (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
Flexor Pollicus Longus
ACTION: thumb IP flexion, assist MP flexion, assist CMC flexion, assist wrist flexion
NERVE: median (anterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
ACTION: thumb MP flexion, thumb CMC flexion, assist thumb opposition
NERVE: median (lateral branch) to superficial head (C8, T1)
ulnar (deep branch) to deep head (C8, T1)
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
ACTION: thumb CMC abduction, thumb MP abduction, assist thumb opposition, assist thumb IP extension
NERVE: median (C7-T1)
Opponens Pollicis
ACTION: thumb CMC opposition (via simultaneous CMC flexion, abduction, and internal rotation)
NERVE: median (C7- T1)
ulnar (terminal branch) (C8-T1)
Adductor Pollicis
ACTION: thumb CMC adduction, assists thumb MP adduction, assists thumb MP flexion
NERVE: ulnar (deep branch) (C8-T1)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
ACTION: capital extension, rotation of head to same side, lateral bending of head to same side
NERVE: C1 spinal nerve (dorsal rami, suboccipital nerve)
Obliquus Externus Abdominis
ACTION: Flexion of trunk (bilaterally); rotation of trunk to opposite side; ipsilateral lateral bending of trunk; tilts pelvis posteriorly
NERVE: T7-T12 (ventral rami)
Obliquus Internus Abdominis
ACTION: Flexion of trunk (bilaterally); rotation of trunk to same side; ipsilateral bending of trunk
NERVE: T7-T12, L1 (ventral rami)
Transverse Abdominis
ACTION: constricts abdomen; forced expiration
NERVE: T7-T12, L1 (ventral rami)
Rectus Abdominis
ACTION: Flexion of spine; posterior tilt
NERVE: T7-T12 (ventral rami)
Psoas Major
ACTION: Hip flexion (origin fixed); trunk flexion (insertion fixed); assist lateral trunk flexion; may assist hip ER and ABD; with insertion fixed, tightness attributes to increase lordosis
NERVE: Lumbar Plexus L2-L4
Semispinalis Capitus
ACTION: capital extension, rotation of head to opposite side, lateral bending of head to same side
NERVE: C2-T1 spinal nerves (dorsal rami), Greater occipital nerve
Iliacus
ACTION: Hip flexion; flexes pelvis on femur
NERVE: Femoral Nerve L2-L3
Pectineus
ACTION: Hip adduction; assit hip flexion
NERVE: Femoral Nerve L2-L3; Obturator nerve-Accessory branch L3
Gracilis
ACTION: Hip adduction; knee flexion; medial rotation of knee
NERVE: Obturator Nerve (L2-L3)
Adductor Longus
ACTION: Hip adduction; assit hip flexion
NERVE: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Adductor Brevis
ACTION:Hip adduction; hip flexion
NERVE: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Spinalis Cervicis
ACTION: extension of cervical spine
NERVE: C3-C8 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Gluteus Maximus
ACTION: Hip extension; hip ER; lower fibers assist hip ADD, upper fibers assist with hip ABD
NERVE: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
Gluteus Medius
ACTION: Hip ABD; hip ER (posterior fibers), hip IR (anterior fibers); anterior fibers may assist with hip flexion, posterior fibers with hip extension
NERVE: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4-S1)
Gluteus Minimus
ACTION: Hip ABD, hip IR
NERVE: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4-S1)
Tensor Fasciae Latae
ACTION: hip flexion; hip IR; hip ABD
NERVE: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Piriformis
ACTION: hip ER; assit hip ABD when hip is flexed; assist hip extension
NERVE: Nerve to piriformis/spinal nerve S1-S2
Longus Capitis
ACTION: capital flexion, rotation of head to same side
NERVE: C1-C3 spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Obturator Externus
ACTION: hip ER; assit hip ADD
NERVE: Obturator Nerve L3-L4
Gemellus Superior
ACTION: Hip ER; assist hip ABD when hip is flexed
NERVE: Nerve to obturator internus off the lumbosacaral plexus (L5-S1)
Geniohyoid
ACTION: elevation and protraction of hyoid, assist capital flexion (weak), assist mandible depression
NERVE: C1 spinal nerve (via hypoglossal/ XII nerve)
Quadratus Femoris
ACTION: hip ER
NERVE: Nerve to quadratus femoris off the lumbosacral plexus (L5-S1)
Biceps Femoris
ACTION: knee flexion; knee ER; hip extension and assist hip ER (long head only!)
NERVE: Long head: sciatic nerve tibial division (L5-S2)
short head: sciatic nerve peroneal division (L5-S2)
Semitendinosus
ACTION: knee flexion; knee IR; hip extension; assit hip IR
NERVE: sciatic nerve tibial division (L5-S2)
Semimembranosus
ACTION: knee flexion; knee IR; hip extension; assist hip IR
NERVE: sciatic nerve tibial division (L5-S2)
Sartorius
ACTION: hip ER, ABD, and flexion; knee flexion and IR
NERVE: femoral nerve (L2, L3)
Rectus Femoris
ACTION: knee extension; hip flexion;
NERVE: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Sternothyroid
ACTION: cervical flexion (weak), draws larynx down, depression of hyoid, mandible, and tongue (after elevation)
NERVE: C1-C3 cervical nerves
Vastus Intermedius
ACTION: knee extension
NERVE: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Vastus Medialis
ACTION: knee extension
NERVE: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Articularis Genu
ACTION: retracts synovial membrane during knee extension prevent is entrapment between patella and femur
NERVE: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Popliteus
ACTION: knee flexion; knee IR (origin fixed); hip ER (insertion fixed)
NERVE: Tibial Nerve (L4-S1)
Tibialis Anterior
ACTION: ankle dorsi flexion; Foot inversion
NERVE: Deep peroneal nerve (L4-L5)
Tibialis Posterior
ACTION: foot inversion; assist plantar flexion
NERVE: Tibial nerve (L4-L5)
Gastrocnemius
ACTION: ankle plantar flexion; foot inversion (supination); assist knee flexion
NERVE: Tibial Nerve (S1-S2)
Soleus
ACTION: ankle plantar flexion; foot inversion (supination)
NERVE: Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
Semispinales Thoracic
ACTION: extension of the thoracic spine
NERVE: spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Peroneus Longus
ACTION: Foot eversion; assist plantar flexion; depression of 1st metatarsal
NERVE: Superficial peroneal nerve (L5-S1)
Peroneus Brevis
ACTION: foot eversion; assist plantar flexion
NERVE: Superficial peroneal nerve (L5-S1)
Peroneus Tertius
ACTION: ankle dorsiflexion; foot eversion
NERVE: deep peroneal nerve (L5-S1)
Extensor Digitorum Longus
ACTION: MP extension (toes 2-5); assit PIP and DIP extension (toes 2-5); assit ankle dorsi flexion and eversion
NERVE: deep peroneal nerve (L5-S1)
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
ACTION: MP extension of toes 2-4; assist IP extension of toes 2-4; MP extension of great toe (medial slip of tendon, also called the extensor halucis brevis)
NERVE: deep peroneal nerve (L5-S1)
Flexor Digitorum Longus
ACTION: MP, PIP, DIP flexion of toes 2-5; assist plantar flexion; assist inversion
NERVE: Tibial nerve (L5-S2)
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
ACTION: MP and PIP flexion of toes 2-5
NERVE: Medial plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Abductor Digiti Minimi
ACTION: Abduction of 5th toe; MP flexion of 5th toe
NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)
Flexor Digiti Minimi
ACTION: MP flexion of 5th toe
NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)
Quadratus Plantae
ACTION: DIP flexion of toes 2-5 (in synergy with FDL)
NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)
Lumbricales
ACTION: MP flexion of toes 2-5; assit PIP and DIP extension of toes 2-5
NERVE: Medial Plantar Nerve L5-S1 (1st one only)
Lateral Plantar Nerve S2-S3 (2nd, 3rd, 4th)
Doral Interossei
ACTION: abduction of toes 2-4; assist MP flexion of toes 2-4; may assist IP extension of toes 2-4
NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve S2-S3 (deep peroneal nerve may also innervate 1st and 2nd)
Plantar Interossei
ACTION: adduction of toes 3-5; assist MP flexion of toes 3-5; may assist IP extension of toes 3-5
NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)
Extensor Hallucis Longus
ACTION: Great Toe MP and IP extension; assist dorsi flexion; assist foot inversion
NERVE: Deep peroneal nerve (L5)
Flexor Hallucis Longus
ACTION: Great Toe IP flexion; assist great toe MP flexion; assist ankle plantar flexion and foot inversion
NERVE: Tibial nerve (L5-S2)
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
ACTION: Great toe MP flexion
NERVE: Medial plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Abductor Hallucis:
ACTION: abduction of great toe; assist great toe MP flexion; assist with forefoot adduction
NERVE: Medial plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Adductor Hallucis
ACTION: Great toe adduction; assist great toe MP flexion;
NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
ACTION: capital extension
NERVE: C1 spinal nerve (dorsal rami, suboccipital nerve)
Oblique Capitis Superior
ACTION: capital extension, lateral bending of head to same side
NERVE: C1 spinal nerve (dorsal rami, suboccipital nerve)
Oblique Capitis Inferior
ACTION: rotation of head to same side, lateral bending of head to same side
NERVE: C1 spinal nerve (dorsal rami, suboccipital nerve)
Longissimus Capitis
ACTION: capital extension, lateral bending and rotation of head to same side
NERVE: C3-C8 cervical nerves (dorsal rami)
Splenius Capitis
ACTION: capital extension, rotation of head to same side, lateral bending of head to same side
NERVE: C3-C6 cervical nerves (dorsal rami); C1-C2 (suboccipital and great occipital nerves off first dorsal rami)
Semispinalis Capitis
ACTION: capital extension, rotation of head to opposite side, lateral bending of head to same side
NERVE: C2-T1 spinal nerves (dorsal rami), Greater occipital nerve
Spinalis Capitus
ACTION: capital extension
NERVE: C3- T1 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Longissimus Cervicis
ACTION: cervical extension (bilateral action), lateral bending of cervical spine to same side (unilateral action)
NERVE: C3-T3 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Semispinalis Cervicis
ACTION: cervical extension (bilateral action), lateral bending of cervical spine to same side (unilateral action), rotation of cervical spine to opposite side (unilateral action)
NERVE: C2-T5 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Iliocostalis cervicis
ACTION: cervical extension (bilateral action), lateral bending of cervical spine to same side (unilateral action), assist depression of ribs
NERVE: C4-T3 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Splenius Cervicis
ACTION: cervical extension (bilateral action), lateral bending of cervical spine to same side (unilateral action), rotation of cervical spine to same side (unilateral action)
NERVE: C4-C8 spinal nerve (dorsal rami)
Spinalis Cervicis
ACTION: extension of cervical spine
NERVE: C3-C8 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Interspinalis Cervicis
ACTION: extension of cervical spine
NERVE: C3-C8 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Intertransversii Cervicis
ACTION: cervical extension (bilateral action), lateral bending of cervical spine to same side (unilateral action)
NERVE: C3-C8 spinal nerves (ventral rami) to anterior cervicis, C3-C8 spinal nerves (dorsal rami) to posterior cervicis
Rotatores Cervicis
ACTION: rotation of cervical spine to opposite side, assist cervical extension
NERVE: C3-C8 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Rectus Capitis Anterior
ACTION: capital flexion, stabilization of AO (OA) joint
NERVE: C1, C2 spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Rectus Capitis Lateralis
ACTION: lateral bending of head to same side, capital flexion, stabilization of AO (OA) joint, assists head rotation
NERVE: C1, C2 spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Longus Capitis
ACTION: capital flexion, rotation of head to same side
NERVE: C1-C3 spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Mylohyoid
ACTION: raises hyoid and tongue for swallowing, depresses mandible (with hyoid fixed), assist capital flexion (weak)
NERVE: trigeminal (V) nerve
Stylohyoid
ACTION: pulls hyoid up and back (in swallowing), capital flexion (weak), assists depression of mandible, participates in mastication and speech
NERVE: facial (VII) nerve
Geniohyoid
ACTION: elevation and protraction of hyoid, assist capital flexion (weak), assist mandible depression
NERVE:
Digastric
ACTION: mandibular depression, hyoid elevation, anterior belly draws hyoid forward, posterior belly draws hyoid backward, assist capital flexion (weak synergist)
NERVE: Anterior belly= trigeminal (V)
Posterior belly= facial (VII)
Longus Colli
ACTION: cervical flexion (weak), cervical rotation to opposite, may laterally flex
NERVE: C2-C6 spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Scalenus Anterior
ACTION: cervical flexion, elevates first rib in inspiration, cervical rotation to opposite side, cervical lateral bending to same side
NERVE: C4-C6 spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Scalenus Medius
ACTION: cervical flexion (weak), cervical lateral bending to same side, elevates first rib in inspiration, cervical rotation to opposite side
NERVE: C3-C8 spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Scalenus Posterior
ACTION: cervical lateral bending to same side, elevates second rib in inspiration, cervical rotation to opposite side
NERVE: C6-C8 spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Sternocleidomastoid
ACTION: cervical flexion (bilateral action), capital extension (bilateral action), cervical lateral bending to same side (unilateral action), rotation of head to opposite side (unilateral action), raises sternum in forced inspiration
NERVE: spinal accessory (XI) C2-C3 cervical nerves (ventral rami)
Sternothyroid
ACTION:
Thyrohyoid
ACTION: cervical flexion, draws hyoid downward, elevates larynx and thyroid cartilage
NERVE: hypoglossal (XII); C1 spinal nerve
Sternohyoid
ACTION: cervical flexion (weak), depression of hyoid
NERVE: hypoglossal (XII), C1- C3 cervical nerves
Omohyoid
ACTION: depression of hyoid, cervical flexion
NERVE: hypoglossal (XII), C2-C3 cervical nerves
Platysma
ACTION: cervical flexion (weak), draws lower lip down and back, assists jaw opening, assists in forced inspiration
NERVE: facial (VII) nerve
Iliocostalis Thoracis
ACTION: extension of the thoracic spine, ipsilateral lateral bending of the thoracic spine
NERVE: T1-T12 spinal nerves
Iliocostalis Lumborum
ACTION: extension of the lumbar spine, ipsilateral lateral bending of the lumbar spine, elevation of pelvis, depression of ribs
NERVE: L1-L5 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Longissimus Thoracis
ACTION: extension of the thoracic spine, ipsilateral lateral bending of the thoracic spine
NERVE: T1-L1 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Spinalis Thoracis
ACTION: extension of the thoracic spine
NERVE: T1-T12 dorsal rami
Semispinales Thoracic
ACTION: extension of the thoracic spine
NERVE: spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Multifidi
ACTION: extension of the spine (in region spanned), ipsilateral lateral bending of the spine (in region spanned), rotate to opposite side (in region spanned)
NERVE: spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Rotatores Thoracic
ACTION: extension of thoracic spine, rotation of thoracic spine to opposite side
NERVE: T1-T12 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Rotatores Lumborum
ACTION: extension of lumbar spine, rotation of lumbar spine to opposite side
NERVE: L1-L5 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Interspinales Thoracis
ACTION: extension of thoracic spine
NERVE: T1-T12 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Interspinalis Lumborum
ACTION: extension of lumbar spine
NERVE: L1-L5 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Intertransversarii Thoracis
ACTION: extension of thoracic spine, ipsilateral lateral bending of the thoracic spine, rotation of thoracic to opposite side
NERVE: T1-T12, L1-L5 spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Intertransversarii Lumborum- medial
ACTION: lateral bending of lumbar spine
NERVE: lumbar and sacral spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Intertransversarii Lumborum- lateral
ACTION: extension of lumbar spine, postural stabilization
NERVE: lumbar and sacral spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Quadratus Lumborum
ACTION: elevation of pelvis, extension of lumbar spine, ipsilateral lateral bending of lumbar spine, fixation and depression of 12th rib
NERVE: T12-L3 spinal nerves (ventral rami)
