Muscles Flashcards
What nerves supply the pectoralis major?
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
What muscles connect the upper limb to the vertebral column?
Muscles of the back.
What actions does the pectoralis major perform?
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm
What is the action of the pectoralis major?
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm
What muscles are included in the pectoral region?
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and subclavius.
What actions does the pectoralis minor perform?
Protraction of scapula, depression of shoulder, accessory muscle of respiration.
What nerve supplies the pectoralis minor?
Medial pectoral nerve.
What is the insertion point of the pectoralis major?
By U-shaped bilaminar tendon into lateral lip of bicipital groove.
What are the muscles connecting the upper limb to the thoracic wall?
Pectoral muscles and serratus anterior.
What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?
Outer surface of 3, 4, and 5 ribs.
What is the action of the pectoralis minor?
Protraction of scapula and depression of shoulder.
What is the origin of the pectoralis major?
Clavicular head: front of medial ½ of clavicle
What is the insertion point of the pectoralis minor?
Upper surface and medial border of coracoid process.
What muscles connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton?
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and subclavius.
What is the nerve supply for the pectoralis major?
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
What are the primary functions of the subclavius muscle?
Depress and prevent excessive upward movement of the clavicle.
Where does the subclavius muscle originate?
Upper surface of the 1st costo-chondral junction.
Which nerve innervates the subclavius muscle?
Nerve to subclavius.
What is the insertion point of the subclavius muscle?
Groove on the inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle.
Which muscle is located beneath the pectoralis major?
Pectoralis minor.
What is the origin of the pectoralis major muscle?
Clavicle, sternum, and upper 6 costal cartilages.
What is the function of the subclavius muscle?
Stabilizes the clavicle.
What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle?
It helps in the movement of the scapula.
Which muscle is responsible for movements of the shoulder and is labeled in the image?
Serratus anterior.
What structure is indicated by the term ‘coracoid process’?
A bony projection on the scapula.
What is the function of the pectoralis major muscle?
It aids in the movement of the shoulder joint.
What does the term ‘sternal angle’ refer to?
The junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
What is the significance of the inter-tubercular sulcus?
It serves as a groove for tendon attachment.
What is the body of the sternum?
The central part of the sternum.
What muscle is located beneath the pectoralis major?
Pectoralis minor.
What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle?
It helps in the protraction and stabilization of the scapula.
What is the significance of the long thoracic nerve?
It innervates the serratus anterior muscle.
What muscle is primarily associated with the long thoracic nerve?
Serratus anterior.
What is the inferior angle of the scapula?
The lowest point of the scapula.
What does a winged scapula indicate?
Weakness or paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle.
What is the nerve supply for the trapezius muscle?
Spinal accessory nerve and nerves C3 & C4.
What actions do the rhomboid muscles perform?
Rotate the scapula so that the glenoid cavity looks downwards and retract the scapula.
What are the two layers of muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column?
Superficial layer (trapezius & latissimus dorsi) and deep layer (levator scapulae, rhomboids minor & major).
What is the action of the rhomboid major muscle?
Rotates the scapula so that the glenoid cavity looks downwards and retracts the scapula.
What is the nerve supply for the trapezius muscle?
Spinal accessory nerve and nerves C3 & C4.
What are the two layers of muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column?
Superficial layer (trapezius & latissimus dorsi) and deep layer (levator scapulae, rhomboids minor & major).
What is the origin of the levator scapulae muscle?
Transverse processes of upper 4 cervical vertebrae.
What is the origin of the rhomboid major muscle?
Spines & supra-spinous ligaments from T2 to T5 vertebrae.
What does the term ‘Lamina’ refer to in vertebra anatomy?
The flat part of the vertebra that forms the posterior portion of the vertebral arch.
What structure connects the occipital bone to the spine?
Occipital condyle.
What is the function of the spinous process on a vertebra?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.
What structure is indicated by ‘Vertebral foramen’?
The opening in a vertebra that allows the passage of the spinal cord.
What bone is located at the back of the skull?
Occipital bone.
What is the main function of the vertebra?
To support the body and protect the spinal cord.
What is the significance of the ‘Occipital condyle’?
It articulates with the first cervical vertebra (atlas).
What is the role of the ‘Pedicle’ in a vertebra?
It connects the body of the vertebra to the vertebral arch.
What is the ‘Superior articular process’?
A projection on a vertebra that articulates with the inferior articular process of the vertebra above.
What is the purpose of the ‘Transverse process’?
It serves as a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments.
What does the term ‘Olecranon process of ulna’ refer to?
The bony prominence of the ulna at the elbow.
What is the role of the ‘Levator scapulae’ muscle?
It elevates the scapula.
What is the origin of the trapezius muscle according to the diagram?
V-shaped origin from the spinous processes of C1 to C4 vertebrae.
What is the function of the deltoid muscle?
It is responsible for shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension.
What is the significance of the ‘Olecranon process of ulna’ in the diagram?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles and tendons in the arm.
Which muscle is indicated as ‘Rhomboids major’?
A muscle that retracts the scapula.
What muscle is indicated as the Trapezius muscle?
A major muscle of the back that helps in shoulder movement.
What is the function of the Latissimus dorsi muscle?
It helps in the movement of the shoulder and arm.
What is the role of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
It helps in the rotation and flexion of the neck.
What is the significance of the Spine of scapula?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles.
What is the function of the Levator scapulae muscle?
It elevates the scapula.
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Lower 6 thoracic spines, lumbar spines, thoraco-lumbar fascia, and posterior part of the iliac crest.
What type of activities might engage the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Swimming and rowing.
Which rib levels are associated with the latissimus dorsi muscle?
9th and 12th ribs.
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; Small slip from the back of the inferior angle of the scapula
lower 6 thoracic spines
What movements does the latissimus dorsi muscle assist with?; Swimming
rowing
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; It helps in the extension
adduction
Which rib does the latissimus dorsi muscle attach to?; 9th and 12th ribs.
What is the insertion point of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; Floor of bicipital groove of the humerus.
What forms the Triangle of Auscultation?; The lower part of the lateral border of the trapezius
the medial border of the scapula
Where can breath sounds be clearly auscultated?; In the Triangle of Auscultation.
What is the floor of the Triangle of Auscultation?; Rhomboid major.
What forms the Triangle of Auscultation?; Lower part of the lateral border of trapezius
medial border of scapula
What is the floor of the Triangle of Auscultation?; Rhomboid major.
Which muscles are referred to as the rhomboids?; Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor.
What muscle is responsible for elevating the scapula?; Levator scapulae.
Where does the Rhomboid Minor muscle originate?; C7 Spinous Processes.
What is the insertion point of the Rhomboids?; Scapula (Shoulder Blade).
Where does the Rhomboid Major muscle originate?; T1-T4 Spinous Processes.
What is the role of the teres major muscle?; It assists in the medial rotation and adduction of the arm.
Which muscle is located at the top of the shoulder?; Deltoid muscle.
Which muscle is involved in elbow flexion?; Brachialis muscle.
Which muscle is located on the back of the upper arm?; Triceps brachii muscle.
What is the insertion point for the common extensor tendon?; Lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Which muscle assists in flexing the elbow?; Brachialis muscle.
What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?; Abducts the arm.
What is the function of the rhomboid muscles?; They retract the scapula.
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; Lower spine and iliac crest.
Which muscle is responsible for the lateral rotation of the arm?; Infraspinatus muscle.
What is the role of the teres major muscle?; Medial rotation and adduction of the arm.
Which muscle is responsible for external rotation of the arm?; Infraspinatus muscle.
Which muscle is located beneath the deltoid muscle?; Supraspinatus muscle.
What nerve supplies the trapezius muscle?; Accessory nerve.
What muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve?; Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
Which spinal roots contribute to the nerve supply of the back muscles?; C1 to C6.
What is the role of the dorsal scapular nerve?; It supplies the rhomboid muscles.
Which artery is associated with the suprascapular nerve?; Suprascapular artery.
What is the function of the rhomboid major muscle?; Retracts the scapula.
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the levator scapulae?; Dorsal scapular nerve.
Which nerve innervates the rhomboid minor muscle?; Dorsal scapular nerve.
What muscle is supplied by the external branch of the accessory nerve?; Sternocleidomastoid muscle.
What is the function of the rhomboid major and minor muscles?; They retract the scapula.
What is the function of the coracobrachialis muscle?; Flexion and adduction of the arm.
What muscle is located in the lower back and assists in arm movement?; Latissimus dorsi muscle.
What muscle is located beneath the scapula?; Subscapularis muscle.
Which muscle is known as the long head of the biceps?; Biceps brachii muscle (long head).
Which muscle is located on the forearm and assists in flexing the wrist?; Brachialis muscle.
Which muscle assists in flexing the arm and is located near the shoulder?; Coracobrachialis muscle.
What muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction and is located above the scapula?; Supraspinatus muscle.
What muscle assists in forearm supination?; Supinator muscle.
Which muscle is involved in elbow flexion and is located in the upper arm?; Brachialis muscle.
Which muscle is responsible for wrist extension and is located on the forearm?; Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle.
Which muscle is located on the side of the chest and is responsible for arm movement?; Pectoralis major muscle.
Which muscle is located on the front of the shoulder and is involved in internal rotation?; Subscapularis muscle.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow and is located in the upper arm?; Biceps brachii muscle.
What muscle is located beneath the deltoid and assists in shoulder stabilization?; Teres major muscle.
Which muscle is located on the back and contributes to shoulder extension?; Latissimus dorsi muscle.
Which muscle is involved in shoulder abduction and is located above the scapula?; Supraspinatus muscle.
What muscle is located at the top of the shoulder?; Deltoid muscle.
What muscle is responsible for extending the elbow and is located in the back of the upper arm?; Triceps brachii muscle.
What is the insertion point of the Deltoid muscle?; Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
What actions are performed by the Infraspinatus muscle?
Adduction and lateral rotation of the shoulder.
What happens if the axillary nerve is injured?
It leads to flat shoulder and loss of abduction of the shoulder (15 - 90 degrees).
What is the origin of the Infraspinatus muscle?
Medial 2/3 of Infraspinous fossa.
Which nerve supplies the Deltoid muscle?
Circumflex (axillary) nerve.
What is the action of the middle fibers of the Deltoid muscle?
Abduction of the shoulder (15 - 90 degrees).
What action does the Supraspinatus muscle perform?
Initiation of abduction of the shoulder (0 - 15 degrees).
What actions are performed by the anterior fibers of the Deltoid muscle?
Flexion and medial rotation of the shoulder.
What is the origin of the Supraspinatus muscle?
Medial 2/3 of Supraspinous fossa.
What is the origin of the Deltoid muscle?
Anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle, lateral border of acromion process, lower border of crest of spine of scapula.
What is the origin of the Subscapularis muscle?
Medial 2/3 of Subscapular fossa.
What is the action of the Subscapularis muscle?
Adduction and medial rotation of the shoulder.
Which nerve innervates the Teres major muscle?
Lower subscapular nerve.
What is the function of the Teres minor muscle?
Adduction and lateral rotation of the shoulder.
What is the insertion point of the Teres major muscle?
Medial lip of the bicipital groove (TLP).
Which nerve innervates the Teres minor?
Circumflex (axillary) nerve.
What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?
Steady the head of the humerus inside the glenoid cavity.
What is the origin of the Teres minor muscle?
Upper 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the lateral border of the scapula.
What is the origin of the Teres major muscle?
Dorsal surface of the inferior angle and adjoining part of the lower 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula.
What are the primary actions of the Teres major muscle?
Adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the shoulder.
How does the Teres major muscle relate to swimming?
It plays an important role in swimming, similar to the latissimus dorsi.
How does the Teres major muscle relate to swimming?
It plays an important role in swimming, similar to the latissimus dorsi.
What is the origin of the Teres major muscle?
Dorsal surface of inferior angle and adjoining part of lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula.
Which nerve innervates the Teres minor muscle?
Circumflex (axillary) nerve.
What is the insertion point of the Teres minor muscle?
Lowest facet of the greater tubercle osity.
Which nerve innervates the Teres major?
Lower subscapular nerve.
What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?
They steady the head of the humerus inside the glenoid cavity.
What is the origin of the Teres minor muscle?
Upper 2/3 of dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula.
Which part of the deltoid muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction?
The lateral (middle) fibers.
What is the primary function of the deltoid muscle?
To facilitate shoulder movement.
What is the significance of the subscapular fossa in relation to the deltoid muscle?
It is located on the scapula, providing a surface for muscle attachment.
What is the insertion point of the deltoid muscle?
The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
What is the origin of the lateral fibers of the deltoid muscle?
Lateral border of the acromion.
What is the significance of the supraspinous fossa in relation to the deltoid muscle?
It is the origin point for the supraspinatus muscle, which works with the deltoid.
What is the function of the infraspinous fossa?
It provides an attachment for the infraspinatus muscle, which aids in shoulder stabilization.
What anatomical feature is located beneath the deltoid muscle?
The subscapular fossa.
What is the role of the posterior fibers of the deltoid muscle?
To assist in shoulder extension and external rotation.
What is the role of the supraspinous fossa?
It serves as an attachment point for the supraspinatus muscle, which assists the deltoid.
Where do the posterior fibers of the deltoid muscle originate?
Lower lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula.
Which muscle is located beneath the deltoid in the posterior view?
Infraspinatus.
What nerve is associated with the teres minor?
Axillary nerve.
What is the role of the suprascapular nerve?
Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
What muscle is shown in the anterior view of the shoulder anatomy?
Subscapularis muscle.
What structure is indicated as the ‘capsule of shoulder joint’?
The protective covering of the shoulder joint.
What is the function of the rotator cuff?
Stabilizes the shoulder joint.
What structure is indicated as the ‘Crest of spine’?
The ridge on the scapula.
What is indicated by the term ‘deltoid tuberosity’?
A bony prominence for muscle attachment on the humerus.
What is the role of the teres major muscle?
Helps in shoulder adduction and medial rotation.
Which muscle is located above the subscapularis muscle?
Supraspinatus muscle.
What is the acromion process?
A bony projection on the scapula.
Which ligament connects the clavicle to the acromion?
Acromioclavicular ligament.
What is the significance of the greater tuberosity?
It serves as an attachment point for shoulder muscles.
What is the function of the subacromial bursa?
Reduces friction between the acromion and rotator cuff.
What is the function of the teres major muscle?
To assist in shoulder adduction and internal rotation.
Which muscle is located below the infra-spinatus muscle?
Teres minor.
Which muscle is located below the supraspinatus muscle?
Infraspinatus muscle.
Which muscle is located at the crest of the spine in the posterior view?
Supra-spinatus muscle.
What is the function of the rotator cuff?
To stabilize the shoulder joint.
What is the role of the acromial bursa?
To reduce friction between the shoulder joint structures.
What muscle is located at the surgical neck of the humerus?
Teres minor.
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the upper lateral cutaneous area of the arm?
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm.
What is the nerve supply for the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve.
What is the anatomical position of the deltoid muscle?
It is located on the shoulder, covering the shoulder joint.
Which nerve is responsible for the upper lateral cutaneous sensation of the arm?
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm.
What is the significance of the axillary nerve?
It innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
Which muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve besides the deltoid?
Teres minor.
What is the significance of the posterior branch of the axillary nerve?
It innervates the posterior part of the deltoid muscle.
What muscle is located at the surgical neck of the humerus?
Deltoid.
What is the posterior branch associated with?
Deltoid muscle.
What is the function of the suprascapular artery?
It supplies blood to the shoulder region.
What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
It innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
What is the spinoglenoid ligament associated with?
It is associated with the suprascapular nerve and artery.
What is the role of the transverse scapular ligament?
It bridges the suprascapular notch.
What is the spinoglenoid ligament associated with?
It is associated with the scapula and the suprascapular nerve.
What is the action of the Triceps Brachii?
Main extensor of the elbow.
What is the action of the long head of the Biceps Brachii?
Support head of the humerus from above.
Which nerve supplies the Biceps Brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve, except for the lateral part of brachialis which is supplied by the radial nerve.
Where does the Caracobrachialis muscle insert?
Middle of the medial border of the humerus.
What is the action of the Coracobrachialis?
Flexion and adduction of the shoulder.
What is the main action of the Brachialis muscle?
Main flexor of the elbow.
What is the origin of the medial head of the Triceps Brachii?
Back of the shaft of the humerus below the spiral groove.
What is the origin of the long head of the Biceps Brachii?
Arises from the supraglenoid tubercle.
Which nerve supplies the Triceps Brachii?
Radial nerve.
What actions does the Biceps Brachii perform?
Flexion of forearm and supination of flexed pronated forearm at radioulnar joints.
What is the origin of the Coracobrachialis?
Tip of the coracoid process.
What is the insertion point of the Triceps Brachii?
Superior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna.
What is the origin of the Triceps Brachii’s long head?
Infraglenoid tubercle.
What is the insertion point of the Biceps Brachii?
Posterior part of radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of the upper part of the medial side of the forearm.
Which nerve supplies the lateral and medial heads of the Triceps Brachii?
Radial nerve.
What is the function of the bicipital aponeurosis?
It provides support and attachment for the biceps muscle.
What does the term ‘bicipital groove’ refer to?
A groove on the humerus where the biceps tendon runs.
Which muscle is found in both the superficial and deep layers of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Brachialis muscle.
What is the radial tuberosity associated with?
It is associated with the biceps muscle’s tendon.
What is the function of the coraco-brachialis muscle?
It helps in flexing and adducting the arm.
What is the function of the ulnar tuberosity?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.
What muscle is located in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Biceps muscle.
What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity?
It serves as the attachment point for the deltoid muscle.
What does the medial intermuscular septum separate?
It separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm.
What is the role of the transverse humeral ligament?
It holds the tendon of the long head of the biceps in place.
Which muscle is located in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Brachialis muscle.
What muscle is indicated as the ‘short head of biceps’?
Biceps muscle.
What does the term ‘medial intermuscular septum’ refer to?
A connective tissue structure that separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm.
Which muscle has both a short head and a long head?
Biceps brachii.
Which muscle has a short head and is part of the biceps brachii?
Biceps brachii (short head).
What is the function of the ‘Brachialis’ muscle?
It flexes the elbow.
What is the role of the ‘Pronator teres’ muscle?
It helps in pronating the forearm.
What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?
Helps form the rotator cuff.
What does the ‘Coracoacromial ligament’ connect?
It connects the coracoid process to the acromion.
What is the function of the ‘Supraspinatus’ muscle?
It helps in shoulder abduction.
Which muscle is located on the medial side of the arm?
Triceps brachii (medial head).
What muscle is labeled as ‘Coracobrachialis’?
A muscle located in the upper arm.
Which muscle is part of the triceps brachii and has a medial head?
Triceps brachii (medial head).
What muscle is labeled as ‘Teres major’?
Teres major.
What structure is referred to as the ‘Acromion’?
A bony process on the scapula.
What is the long head of the biceps brachii?
Biceps brachii (long head).
Which muscle is located beneath the biceps brachii?
Brachialis.
Which muscle is labeled as coracobrachialis?
Coracobrachialis.
