Muscles Flashcards
What nerves supply the pectoralis major?
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
What muscles connect the upper limb to the vertebral column?
Muscles of the back.
What actions does the pectoralis major perform?
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm
What is the action of the pectoralis major?
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm
What muscles are included in the pectoral region?
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and subclavius.
What actions does the pectoralis minor perform?
Protraction of scapula, depression of shoulder, accessory muscle of respiration.
What nerve supplies the pectoralis minor?
Medial pectoral nerve.
What is the insertion point of the pectoralis major?
By U-shaped bilaminar tendon into lateral lip of bicipital groove.
What are the muscles connecting the upper limb to the thoracic wall?
Pectoral muscles and serratus anterior.
What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?
Outer surface of 3, 4, and 5 ribs.
What is the action of the pectoralis minor?
Protraction of scapula and depression of shoulder.
What is the origin of the pectoralis major?
Clavicular head: front of medial ½ of clavicle
What is the insertion point of the pectoralis minor?
Upper surface and medial border of coracoid process.
What muscles connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton?
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and subclavius.
What is the nerve supply for the pectoralis major?
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
What are the primary functions of the subclavius muscle?
Depress and prevent excessive upward movement of the clavicle.
Where does the subclavius muscle originate?
Upper surface of the 1st costo-chondral junction.
Which nerve innervates the subclavius muscle?
Nerve to subclavius.
What is the insertion point of the subclavius muscle?
Groove on the inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle.
Which muscle is located beneath the pectoralis major?
Pectoralis minor.
What is the origin of the pectoralis major muscle?
Clavicle, sternum, and upper 6 costal cartilages.
What is the function of the subclavius muscle?
Stabilizes the clavicle.
What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle?
It helps in the movement of the scapula.
Which muscle is responsible for movements of the shoulder and is labeled in the image?
Serratus anterior.
What structure is indicated by the term ‘coracoid process’?
A bony projection on the scapula.
What is the function of the pectoralis major muscle?
It aids in the movement of the shoulder joint.
What does the term ‘sternal angle’ refer to?
The junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
What is the significance of the inter-tubercular sulcus?
It serves as a groove for tendon attachment.
What is the body of the sternum?
The central part of the sternum.
What muscle is located beneath the pectoralis major?
Pectoralis minor.
What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle?
It helps in the protraction and stabilization of the scapula.
What is the significance of the long thoracic nerve?
It innervates the serratus anterior muscle.
What muscle is primarily associated with the long thoracic nerve?
Serratus anterior.
What is the inferior angle of the scapula?
The lowest point of the scapula.
What does a winged scapula indicate?
Weakness or paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle.
What is the nerve supply for the trapezius muscle?
Spinal accessory nerve and nerves C3 & C4.
What actions do the rhomboid muscles perform?
Rotate the scapula so that the glenoid cavity looks downwards and retract the scapula.
What are the two layers of muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column?
Superficial layer (trapezius & latissimus dorsi) and deep layer (levator scapulae, rhomboids minor & major).
What is the action of the rhomboid major muscle?
Rotates the scapula so that the glenoid cavity looks downwards and retracts the scapula.
What is the nerve supply for the trapezius muscle?
Spinal accessory nerve and nerves C3 & C4.
What are the two layers of muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column?
Superficial layer (trapezius & latissimus dorsi) and deep layer (levator scapulae, rhomboids minor & major).
What is the origin of the levator scapulae muscle?
Transverse processes of upper 4 cervical vertebrae.
What is the origin of the rhomboid major muscle?
Spines & supra-spinous ligaments from T2 to T5 vertebrae.
What does the term ‘Lamina’ refer to in vertebra anatomy?
The flat part of the vertebra that forms the posterior portion of the vertebral arch.
What structure connects the occipital bone to the spine?
Occipital condyle.
What is the function of the spinous process on a vertebra?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.
What structure is indicated by ‘Vertebral foramen’?
The opening in a vertebra that allows the passage of the spinal cord.
What bone is located at the back of the skull?
Occipital bone.
What is the main function of the vertebra?
To support the body and protect the spinal cord.
What is the significance of the ‘Occipital condyle’?
It articulates with the first cervical vertebra (atlas).
What is the role of the ‘Pedicle’ in a vertebra?
It connects the body of the vertebra to the vertebral arch.
What is the ‘Superior articular process’?
A projection on a vertebra that articulates with the inferior articular process of the vertebra above.
What is the purpose of the ‘Transverse process’?
It serves as a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments.
What does the term ‘Olecranon process of ulna’ refer to?
The bony prominence of the ulna at the elbow.
What is the role of the ‘Levator scapulae’ muscle?
It elevates the scapula.
What is the origin of the trapezius muscle according to the diagram?
V-shaped origin from the spinous processes of C1 to C4 vertebrae.
What is the function of the deltoid muscle?
It is responsible for shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension.
What is the significance of the ‘Olecranon process of ulna’ in the diagram?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles and tendons in the arm.
Which muscle is indicated as ‘Rhomboids major’?
A muscle that retracts the scapula.
What muscle is indicated as the Trapezius muscle?
A major muscle of the back that helps in shoulder movement.
What is the function of the Latissimus dorsi muscle?
It helps in the movement of the shoulder and arm.
What is the role of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
It helps in the rotation and flexion of the neck.
What is the significance of the Spine of scapula?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles.
What is the function of the Levator scapulae muscle?
It elevates the scapula.
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Lower 6 thoracic spines, lumbar spines, thoraco-lumbar fascia, and posterior part of the iliac crest.
What type of activities might engage the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Swimming and rowing.
Which rib levels are associated with the latissimus dorsi muscle?
9th and 12th ribs.
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; Small slip from the back of the inferior angle of the scapula
lower 6 thoracic spines
What movements does the latissimus dorsi muscle assist with?; Swimming
rowing
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; It helps in the extension
adduction
Which rib does the latissimus dorsi muscle attach to?; 9th and 12th ribs.
What is the insertion point of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; Floor of bicipital groove of the humerus.
What forms the Triangle of Auscultation?; The lower part of the lateral border of the trapezius
the medial border of the scapula
Where can breath sounds be clearly auscultated?; In the Triangle of Auscultation.
What is the floor of the Triangle of Auscultation?; Rhomboid major.
What forms the Triangle of Auscultation?; Lower part of the lateral border of trapezius
medial border of scapula
What is the floor of the Triangle of Auscultation?; Rhomboid major.
Which muscles are referred to as the rhomboids?; Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor.
What muscle is responsible for elevating the scapula?; Levator scapulae.
Where does the Rhomboid Minor muscle originate?; C7 Spinous Processes.
What is the insertion point of the Rhomboids?; Scapula (Shoulder Blade).
Where does the Rhomboid Major muscle originate?; T1-T4 Spinous Processes.
What is the role of the teres major muscle?; It assists in the medial rotation and adduction of the arm.
Which muscle is located at the top of the shoulder?; Deltoid muscle.
Which muscle is involved in elbow flexion?; Brachialis muscle.
Which muscle is located on the back of the upper arm?; Triceps brachii muscle.
What is the insertion point for the common extensor tendon?; Lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Which muscle assists in flexing the elbow?; Brachialis muscle.
What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?; Abducts the arm.
What is the function of the rhomboid muscles?; They retract the scapula.
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; Lower spine and iliac crest.
Which muscle is responsible for the lateral rotation of the arm?; Infraspinatus muscle.
What is the role of the teres major muscle?; Medial rotation and adduction of the arm.
Which muscle is responsible for external rotation of the arm?; Infraspinatus muscle.
Which muscle is located beneath the deltoid muscle?; Supraspinatus muscle.
What nerve supplies the trapezius muscle?; Accessory nerve.
What muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve?; Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
Which spinal roots contribute to the nerve supply of the back muscles?; C1 to C6.
What is the role of the dorsal scapular nerve?; It supplies the rhomboid muscles.
Which artery is associated with the suprascapular nerve?; Suprascapular artery.
What is the function of the rhomboid major muscle?; Retracts the scapula.
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the levator scapulae?; Dorsal scapular nerve.
Which nerve innervates the rhomboid minor muscle?; Dorsal scapular nerve.
What muscle is supplied by the external branch of the accessory nerve?; Sternocleidomastoid muscle.
What is the function of the rhomboid major and minor muscles?; They retract the scapula.
What is the function of the coracobrachialis muscle?; Flexion and adduction of the arm.
What muscle is located in the lower back and assists in arm movement?; Latissimus dorsi muscle.
What muscle is located beneath the scapula?; Subscapularis muscle.
Which muscle is known as the long head of the biceps?; Biceps brachii muscle (long head).
Which muscle is located on the forearm and assists in flexing the wrist?; Brachialis muscle.
Which muscle assists in flexing the arm and is located near the shoulder?; Coracobrachialis muscle.
What muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction and is located above the scapula?; Supraspinatus muscle.
What muscle assists in forearm supination?; Supinator muscle.
Which muscle is involved in elbow flexion and is located in the upper arm?; Brachialis muscle.
Which muscle is responsible for wrist extension and is located on the forearm?; Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle.
Which muscle is located on the side of the chest and is responsible for arm movement?; Pectoralis major muscle.
Which muscle is located on the front of the shoulder and is involved in internal rotation?; Subscapularis muscle.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow and is located in the upper arm?; Biceps brachii muscle.
What muscle is located beneath the deltoid and assists in shoulder stabilization?; Teres major muscle.
Which muscle is located on the back and contributes to shoulder extension?; Latissimus dorsi muscle.
Which muscle is involved in shoulder abduction and is located above the scapula?; Supraspinatus muscle.
What muscle is located at the top of the shoulder?; Deltoid muscle.
What muscle is responsible for extending the elbow and is located in the back of the upper arm?; Triceps brachii muscle.
What is the insertion point of the Deltoid muscle?; Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
What actions are performed by the Infraspinatus muscle?
Adduction and lateral rotation of the shoulder.
What happens if the axillary nerve is injured?
It leads to flat shoulder and loss of abduction of the shoulder (15 - 90 degrees).
What is the origin of the Infraspinatus muscle?
Medial 2/3 of Infraspinous fossa.
Which nerve supplies the Deltoid muscle?
Circumflex (axillary) nerve.
What is the action of the middle fibers of the Deltoid muscle?
Abduction of the shoulder (15 - 90 degrees).
What action does the Supraspinatus muscle perform?
Initiation of abduction of the shoulder (0 - 15 degrees).
What actions are performed by the anterior fibers of the Deltoid muscle?
Flexion and medial rotation of the shoulder.
What is the origin of the Supraspinatus muscle?
Medial 2/3 of Supraspinous fossa.
What is the origin of the Deltoid muscle?
Anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle, lateral border of acromion process, lower border of crest of spine of scapula.
What is the origin of the Subscapularis muscle?
Medial 2/3 of Subscapular fossa.
What is the action of the Subscapularis muscle?
Adduction and medial rotation of the shoulder.
Which nerve innervates the Teres major muscle?
Lower subscapular nerve.
What is the function of the Teres minor muscle?
Adduction and lateral rotation of the shoulder.
What is the insertion point of the Teres major muscle?
Medial lip of the bicipital groove (TLP).
Which nerve innervates the Teres minor?
Circumflex (axillary) nerve.
What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?
Steady the head of the humerus inside the glenoid cavity.
What is the origin of the Teres minor muscle?
Upper 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the lateral border of the scapula.
What is the origin of the Teres major muscle?
Dorsal surface of the inferior angle and adjoining part of the lower 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula.
What are the primary actions of the Teres major muscle?
Adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the shoulder.
How does the Teres major muscle relate to swimming?
It plays an important role in swimming, similar to the latissimus dorsi.
How does the Teres major muscle relate to swimming?
It plays an important role in swimming, similar to the latissimus dorsi.
What is the origin of the Teres major muscle?
Dorsal surface of inferior angle and adjoining part of lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula.
Which nerve innervates the Teres minor muscle?
Circumflex (axillary) nerve.
What is the insertion point of the Teres minor muscle?
Lowest facet of the greater tubercle osity.
Which nerve innervates the Teres major?
Lower subscapular nerve.
What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?
They steady the head of the humerus inside the glenoid cavity.
What is the origin of the Teres minor muscle?
Upper 2/3 of dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula.
Which part of the deltoid muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction?
The lateral (middle) fibers.
What is the primary function of the deltoid muscle?
To facilitate shoulder movement.
What is the significance of the subscapular fossa in relation to the deltoid muscle?
It is located on the scapula, providing a surface for muscle attachment.
What is the insertion point of the deltoid muscle?
The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
What is the origin of the lateral fibers of the deltoid muscle?
Lateral border of the acromion.
What is the significance of the supraspinous fossa in relation to the deltoid muscle?
It is the origin point for the supraspinatus muscle, which works with the deltoid.
What is the function of the infraspinous fossa?
It provides an attachment for the infraspinatus muscle, which aids in shoulder stabilization.
What anatomical feature is located beneath the deltoid muscle?
The subscapular fossa.
What is the role of the posterior fibers of the deltoid muscle?
To assist in shoulder extension and external rotation.
What is the role of the supraspinous fossa?
It serves as an attachment point for the supraspinatus muscle, which assists the deltoid.
Where do the posterior fibers of the deltoid muscle originate?
Lower lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula.
Which muscle is located beneath the deltoid in the posterior view?
Infraspinatus.
What nerve is associated with the teres minor?
Axillary nerve.
What is the role of the suprascapular nerve?
Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
What muscle is shown in the anterior view of the shoulder anatomy?
Subscapularis muscle.
What structure is indicated as the ‘capsule of shoulder joint’?
The protective covering of the shoulder joint.
What is the function of the rotator cuff?
Stabilizes the shoulder joint.
What structure is indicated as the ‘Crest of spine’?
The ridge on the scapula.
What is indicated by the term ‘deltoid tuberosity’?
A bony prominence for muscle attachment on the humerus.
What is the role of the teres major muscle?
Helps in shoulder adduction and medial rotation.
Which muscle is located above the subscapularis muscle?
Supraspinatus muscle.
What is the acromion process?
A bony projection on the scapula.
Which ligament connects the clavicle to the acromion?
Acromioclavicular ligament.
What is the significance of the greater tuberosity?
It serves as an attachment point for shoulder muscles.
What is the function of the subacromial bursa?
Reduces friction between the acromion and rotator cuff.
What is the function of the teres major muscle?
To assist in shoulder adduction and internal rotation.
Which muscle is located below the infra-spinatus muscle?
Teres minor.
Which muscle is located below the supraspinatus muscle?
Infraspinatus muscle.
Which muscle is located at the crest of the spine in the posterior view?
Supra-spinatus muscle.
What is the function of the rotator cuff?
To stabilize the shoulder joint.
What is the role of the acromial bursa?
To reduce friction between the shoulder joint structures.
What muscle is located at the surgical neck of the humerus?
Teres minor.
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the upper lateral cutaneous area of the arm?
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm.
What is the nerve supply for the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve.
What is the anatomical position of the deltoid muscle?
It is located on the shoulder, covering the shoulder joint.
Which nerve is responsible for the upper lateral cutaneous sensation of the arm?
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm.
What is the significance of the axillary nerve?
It innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
Which muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve besides the deltoid?
Teres minor.
What is the significance of the posterior branch of the axillary nerve?
It innervates the posterior part of the deltoid muscle.
What muscle is located at the surgical neck of the humerus?
Deltoid.
What is the posterior branch associated with?
Deltoid muscle.
What is the function of the suprascapular artery?
It supplies blood to the shoulder region.
What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
It innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
What is the spinoglenoid ligament associated with?
It is associated with the suprascapular nerve and artery.
What is the role of the transverse scapular ligament?
It bridges the suprascapular notch.
What is the spinoglenoid ligament associated with?
It is associated with the scapula and the suprascapular nerve.
What is the action of the Triceps Brachii?
Main extensor of the elbow.
What is the action of the long head of the Biceps Brachii?
Support head of the humerus from above.
Which nerve supplies the Biceps Brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve, except for the lateral part of brachialis which is supplied by the radial nerve.
Where does the Caracobrachialis muscle insert?
Middle of the medial border of the humerus.
What is the action of the Coracobrachialis?
Flexion and adduction of the shoulder.
What is the main action of the Brachialis muscle?
Main flexor of the elbow.
What is the origin of the medial head of the Triceps Brachii?
Back of the shaft of the humerus below the spiral groove.
What is the origin of the long head of the Biceps Brachii?
Arises from the supraglenoid tubercle.
Which nerve supplies the Triceps Brachii?
Radial nerve.
What actions does the Biceps Brachii perform?
Flexion of forearm and supination of flexed pronated forearm at radioulnar joints.
What is the origin of the Coracobrachialis?
Tip of the coracoid process.
What is the insertion point of the Triceps Brachii?
Superior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna.
What is the origin of the Triceps Brachii’s long head?
Infraglenoid tubercle.
What is the insertion point of the Biceps Brachii?
Posterior part of radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of the upper part of the medial side of the forearm.
Which nerve supplies the lateral and medial heads of the Triceps Brachii?
Radial nerve.
What is the function of the bicipital aponeurosis?
It provides support and attachment for the biceps muscle.
What does the term ‘bicipital groove’ refer to?
A groove on the humerus where the biceps tendon runs.
Which muscle is found in both the superficial and deep layers of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Brachialis muscle.
What is the radial tuberosity associated with?
It is associated with the biceps muscle’s tendon.
What is the function of the coraco-brachialis muscle?
It helps in flexing and adducting the arm.
What is the function of the ulnar tuberosity?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.
What muscle is located in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Biceps muscle.
What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity?
It serves as the attachment point for the deltoid muscle.
What does the medial intermuscular septum separate?
It separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm.
What is the role of the transverse humeral ligament?
It holds the tendon of the long head of the biceps in place.
Which muscle is located in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Brachialis muscle.
What muscle is indicated as the ‘short head of biceps’?
Biceps muscle.
What does the term ‘medial intermuscular septum’ refer to?
A connective tissue structure that separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm.
Which muscle has both a short head and a long head?
Biceps brachii.
Which muscle has a short head and is part of the biceps brachii?
Biceps brachii (short head).
What is the function of the ‘Brachialis’ muscle?
It flexes the elbow.
What is the role of the ‘Pronator teres’ muscle?
It helps in pronating the forearm.
What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?
Helps form the rotator cuff.
What does the ‘Coracoacromial ligament’ connect?
It connects the coracoid process to the acromion.
What is the function of the ‘Supraspinatus’ muscle?
It helps in shoulder abduction.
Which muscle is located on the medial side of the arm?
Triceps brachii (medial head).
What muscle is labeled as ‘Coracobrachialis’?
A muscle located in the upper arm.
Which muscle is part of the triceps brachii and has a medial head?
Triceps brachii (medial head).
What muscle is labeled as ‘Teres major’?
Teres major.
What structure is referred to as the ‘Acromion’?
A bony process on the scapula.
What is the long head of the biceps brachii?
Biceps brachii (long head).
Which muscle is located beneath the biceps brachii?
Brachialis.
Which muscle is labeled as coracobrachialis?
Coracobrachialis.
What muscle is identified as having short and long heads?
Biceps brachii.
What is the name of the muscle located next to the coracobrachialis?
Brachialis.
What are the two heads of the triceps brachii muscle mentioned in the image?
Long head and lateral head.
What structure connects the triceps brachii muscle to the elbow?
Tendon.
What structure connects the triceps brachii muscle to the elbow?
Tendon.
What is the primary muscle located at the shoulder responsible for arm abduction?
Deltoid muscle.
What is the name of the muscle that is located on the lateral side of the forearm?
Brachioradialis muscle.
Which muscle is indicated as the primary muscle of the upper arm?
Triceps brachii muscle.
Which muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis.
What is the origin of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Lateral cord of the brachial plexus.
What branches does the musculocutaneous nerve give off?
Branches to coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis.
What is the primary nerve supplying the muscles of the front of the arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve.
What is the function of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Innervates the muscles of the front of the arm.
What is the role of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve?
Provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm.
Which branch of the musculocutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the forearm?
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
What is the insertion attachment point for the triceps?
Olecranon process.
What is the medial head of the triceps attached to?
Medial intermuscular septum.
Which muscle has a lateral head that attaches to the upper rear of the humerus?
Triceps Brachii.
What is the function of the triceps brachii?
Extension of the elbow.
What is the origin attachment point for the long head of the triceps?
Glenoid cavity.
What are the three heads of the triceps brachii?
Long head, lateral head, and medial head.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow and is located in the upper arm?
Biceps brachii.
What is the primary action of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Flexion of the thumb.
What is the insertion point for the Flexor digitorum superficialis?
Middle phalanges of the fingers.
What is the function of the Supinator muscle?
To supinate the forearm.
Which muscle is responsible for the flexion of the distal phalanges?
Flexor digitorum profundus.
What is the origin of the Brachialis muscle?
Humerus.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and is located on the ulnar side?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
Which muscle is located on the lateral side of the forearm and helps in flexion?
Brachioradialis.
What is the role of the axillary nerve in relation to the triceps?
It innervates the deltoid and teres minor, which are adjacent to the triceps.
What is the function of the triceps muscle?
Extension of the elbow joint.
What anatomical structure is located near the triceps?
Brachial artery.
Which part of the triceps is innervated by the radial nerve?
All heads of the triceps.
Which nerve innervates the lateral head of the triceps?
Radial nerve.
What is the primary nerve supply of the triceps?
Radial nerve.
What is the role of the ulnar nerve in relation to the triceps?
It does not innervate the triceps but is located nearby.
What muscle is located on the medial side of the triceps?
Triceps brachii, medial head.
Which artery is associated with the nerve supply of the triceps?
Posterior humeral circumflex artery.
What is transmitted through the quadrangular space?
Posterior circumflex humeral vessels and axillary nerve.
What are the boundaries of the lower triangular space above?
Teres major.
What are the boundaries of the upper triangular space below?
By teres major.
What is the upper triangular space bordered by?
The long head of the triceps and the teres minor muscle.
What muscle is located in the lower triangular space?
The long head of the triceps.
Which muscle is located above the quadrangular space?
Teres minor muscle.
What is the quadrangular space bordered by?
The teres major, teres minor, long head of the triceps, and the lateral head of the triceps.
What is the quadrangular space associated with?
Teres major and long head of triceps.
What muscle is located in the lower triangular space?
Lateral head of triceps.
Which muscle is located below the supraspinatus?
Infraspinatus.
Which muscle is the long head of the triceps associated with?
Triceps.
Which muscle is indicated as the upper border of the triangular interval?
Teres minor.
Which muscle is located above the Infraspinatus?
Supraspinatus.
What muscle is indicated as the lower border of the triangular space?
Teres major.
What is the primary role of the Teres major muscle?
Adduction and internal rotation of the arm.
What is the function of the Infraspinatus muscle?
External rotation of the shoulder.
What muscle is located above the scapular spine?
Supraspinatus.
Which nerve is associated with the axillary artery?
Axillary n.
What artery is associated with the circumflex scapular?
Circumflex scapular a.
What is the function of the deltoid muscle?
Shoulder abduction.
What is the role of the axillary nerve?
Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
What is the significance of the lateral intermuscular septum?
Separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm.
Which muscle is found below the scapular spine?
Infraspinatus.
What is the role of the teres minor muscle?
External rotation of the shoulder.
What is the function of the teres major muscle?
It helps in the adduction and medial rotation of the arm.
Which muscle is indicated as the long head of the triceps brachii?
Long head of triceps brachii.
Which nerve is found in the triangular interval?
Radial nerve.
What nerve passes through the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve.
What is the function of the suprascapular nerve?
Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
What is the name of the muscle that is located below the teres major?
Latissimus dorsi.
What artery is associated with the triangular space?
Circumflex scapular artery.
What is the long head of the triceps brachii associated with?
The triangular interval.
Which muscle is indicated as the subscapularis?
Subscapularis.
Which artery and vein are located in the quadrangular space?
Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein.
Which muscle is located beneath the scapula?
Subscapularis.
From where do all muscles of the superficial group of the front of the forearm arise?
From the front of the medial epicondyle of the humerus (Common flexor origin).
What is the insertion point of the pronator teres?
Rough area in the middle of the lateral surface of the radius (Pronator tuberosity).
What is the main action of the pronator teres muscle?
Pronation of the forearm at the radioulnar joints.
What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Flexion of metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the medial four fingers.
Which nerve supplies all muscles in the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
Median nerve, except for flexor carpi ulnaris which is supplied by the ulnar nerve.
What is the common action of the muscles in the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
Weak flexors of the elbow and flexion of the wrist (except pronator teres).
Which muscles arise by two heads in the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
All except flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus.
What is the insertion point for the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Sides of the shaft of middle phalanges of the medial 4 fingers.
What is the origin of the palmaris longus?
Common flexor origin (C.F.O.), may be absent.
What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?
Abduction (radial deviation) of the hand.
What are the relations of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
It is deep to flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus
Where is the ulnar nerve and artery located in relation to the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Deep to the muscle in the upper 2/3 of the forearm, then lateral to the tendon in the lower 1/3 of the forearm.
Where does the humoral head of the Flexor carpi ulnaris originate?
C.F.O. (Common Flexor Origin).
What is the common action of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Adduction (ulnar deviation) of the hand.
What are the insertions of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Pisiform bone and base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
What are the two heads of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Humoral head and Ulnar head.
What is the origin of the ulnar head of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
From the medial border of the olecranon and upper 2/3 of the posterior border of the ulna.
Where does the Flexor carpi ulnaris insert?
Pisiform bone and base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
What is the anatomical position of the flexor pollicis longus?
It is located on the front of the forearm.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and is located on the radial side?
Flexor carpi radialis.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and is located in the superficial group?
Flexor carpi radialis.
What is the function of the Flexor pollicis longus?
It flexes the thumb.
What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
It flexes and adducts the wrist.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and is located in the superficial group?
Palmaris longus.
What is the role of the Flexor digitorum superficialis?
It flexes the fingers.
What is the purpose of the Flexor retinaculum?
It holds the tendons of the flexor muscles in place at the wrist.
Which muscle assists in flexing the wrist and is located laterally?
Flexor carpi radialis.
What structure is indicated as the common flexor origin?
The front of the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
What is the significance of the common flexor origin?
It is the point where several flexor muscles originate.
Which muscle is located on the front of the forearm and is part of the superficial flexors?
Flexor carpi radialis.
Which muscle is located on the ulnar side of the forearm and helps in wrist flexion?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
Which muscle is known for flexing the digits and is part of the superficial flexors?
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
What is the function of the pronator teres muscle?
It helps in pronating the forearm.
What is the name of the muscle that pronates the forearm?
Pronator teres.
What is the role of the flexor retinaculum?
It acts as a fibrous band that holds the tendons in place.
What is the function of the Palmaris longus muscle?
It assists in wrist flexion.
What are the two heads of the pronator teres muscle?
Humeral head and ulnar head.
What is the anatomical location of the pronator tuberosity?
It is located on the ulna.
What artery is associated with the pronator teres muscle?
Ulnar artery.
What is the significance of the medial epicondyle in relation to the pronator teres?
It serves as an attachment point for the muscle.
What types of muscles are found in the forearm?
Flexors and extensors.
What is the primary function of the muscles in the forearm?
To facilitate movement of the wrist and fingers.
What structures are visible alongside the muscles in the forearm?
Nerves and blood vessels.
What anatomical structures are visible alongside the muscles in the forearm?
Nerves and blood vessels.
What is the primary function of the muscles in the forearm?
To facilitate movement of the wrist and fingers.
What is the significance of the tendons in the forearm?
They connect muscles to bones, enabling movement.
What type of muscles are primarily found in the forearm?
Flexors and extensors.
Which muscle is located in the deep layer and assists in flexing the fingers?
Flexor digitorum profundus.
What is the role of the pronator quadratus?
It assists in pronating the forearm.
What is the role of ‘flexor digitorum profundus’?
It flexes the distal phalanges of the fingers.
Name one muscle from the superficial layer of extrinsic flexors.
Flexor carpi radialis.
What is the primary function of the muscles shown in the image?
They are extrinsic flexors of the forearm.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus.
Which muscle is labeled as ‘palmaris longus’?
It is a superficial flexor muscle.
What is the function of the ‘flexor carpi radialis’?
It flexes and abducts the wrist.
Which muscle is labeled as ‘pronator teres’?
It is located in the superficial layer of extrinsic flexors.
What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
It flexes and adducts the wrist.
What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
It flexes the middle phalanges of the fingers.
What is the role of the pronator teres?
It helps in pronating the forearm.
What is the role of ‘pronator quadratus’?
It pronates the forearm.
Which muscle is labeled as ‘flexor digitorum superficialis’?
It is a superficial flexor muscle that flexes the middle phalanges.
What is the function of ‘flexor carpi ulnaris’?
It flexes and adducts the wrist.
Which nerve is associated with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?
Ulnar nerve.
What is the ‘Medial epicondyle of humerus’?
A bony prominence on the inner side of the elbow.
What is the apex of the palmar aponeurosis?
The point where the palmar aponeurosis converges.
What structure is indicated by ‘Flexor retinaculum’?
A fibrous band that holds tendons in place.
What is the function of the Palmaris longus muscle?
It assists in flexing the wrist.
What do the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis do?
They flex the fingers.
What are the ‘Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis’ arranged in?
Arranged in 2 pairs.
What is the ‘Apex of palmar aponeurosis’?
The point where the palmar aponeurosis converges.
What is the function of the ‘Flexor digitorum superficialis’?
To flex the fingers.
What muscle is labeled as ‘Palmaris longus muscle’?
Palmaris longus muscle.
What does ‘Flexor digitorum superficialis’ refer to?
A muscle that flexes the fingers.
What does the ‘Radial head’ refer to?
The proximal end of the radius bone.
What structure is referred to as the ‘Arch of flexor digitorum superficialis’?
A structure in the superficial group of the front of the forearm.
Which artery is associated with the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
Radial artery.
What is the role of the reflected humeral head of the pronator teres?
It assists in pronation of the forearm.
Where does the ulnar nerve run in relation to the medial epicondyle?
It runs posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
What muscle is indicated as ‘Flexor carpi ulnaris’?
A muscle in the superficial group of the front of the forearm.
What is the primary nerve supplying the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
Median nerve.
What is the significance of the radial artery in the context of the forearm?
It supplies blood to the forearm.
What is the nerve supply for the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
Median nerve and Ulnar nerve.
Which nerve is associated with the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Ulnar nerve.
What is the function of the radial artery?
Supplies blood to the forearm and hand.
What is the primary function of the ‘Biceps’ muscle?
Flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm.
What muscle is associated with the ‘Common flexor origin’?
Flexor muscles of the forearm.
Which nerve is responsible for the flexor muscles in the forearm?
Median nerve primarily supplies these muscles, with some contribution from the ulnar nerve.
What is the function of the pronator teres?
It pronates the forearm and assists in elbow flexion.
What muscle is indicated by the label ‘Biceps’?
A muscle in the front of the forearm.
What muscle is indicated by ‘Flexor carpi ulnaris’?
A muscle that flexes and adducts the wrist.
Which nerve is associated with the common flexor origin?
Median nerve.
What is the function of the flexor digitorum profundus?
It flexes the fingers.
What structure is indicated as the ‘Superficial arch’?
A vascular structure in the forearm.
What is the role of the radial artery?
It supplies blood to the forearm and hand.
Which muscle is indicated as ‘Flexor carpi ulnaris’?
A muscle that flexes and adducts the wrist.
What structure is labeled as the ‘Superficial arch’?
A vascular structure in the front of the forearm.
What is the role of the ‘Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve’?
Provides sensory innervation to the skin of the hand.
Which nerve is responsible for sensation in the forearm and hand?
Median nerve.
What group of muscles does the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis belong to?
Deep Group of Muscles of Front of Forearm.
What is the common origin of the deep group of muscles in the front of the forearm?
Interosseous membrane and upper 2/3 of corresponding bone (except pronator quadratus).
What is the action of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Flexion of wrist & all joints of thumb.
Which nerve supplies all muscles in the deep group of the front of the forearm?
Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve), except the medial 1/2 of Flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by the Ulnar nerve.
What is the action of the Flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexion of wrist & all joints of medial 4 fingers.
Where do the tendons of the Flexor digitorum profundus insert?
By 4 tendons into the base of terminal phalanges of medial 4 fingers.
What is the origin of the Pronator quadratus?
Lower 1/4 of front of ulna.
What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus?
Upper 2/3 of anterior & medial surface of shaft of ulna & interosseous membrane.
What is the common action of the deep group of muscles in the front of the forearm?
Flexion of wrist and all joints of fingers (except pronator quadratus).
What is the common action of the deep group of muscles in the front of the forearm?
Flexion of wrist and all joints of fingers (except pronator quadratus).
What is the insertion of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Base of terminal phalanx of thumb.
Where do the tendons of the Flexor digitorum profundus insert?
Into the base of terminal phalanges of medial 4 fingers.
Which nerve supplies all muscles in the deep group of the front of the forearm?
Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve), except the medial 1/2 of Flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by the Ulnar nerve.
What is the origin of the Pronator quadratus?
Lower 1/4 of front of ulna.
What is the action of the Pronator quadratus?
Pronation at radioulnar joints and binding radius to ulna.
What is the origin of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Upper 2/3 of anterior surface of shaft of radius & interosseous membrane.
What is the common origin of the deep group of muscles in the front of the forearm?
Interosseous membrane and upper 2/3 of corresponding bone (except pronator quadratus).
Which muscle is responsible for wrist flexion and is located in the superficial layer?
Palmaris longus.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and is located on the medial side?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the fingers?
Flexor digitorum profundus.
What is the role of the ‘flexor carpi radialis’?
It flexes and abducts the wrist.
What is the primary action of the flexor retinaculum?
To hold the tendons in place at the wrist.
Which muscle is indicated as the ‘brachialis’?
A muscle located beneath the biceps brachii.
What muscle is located at the lateral side of the anterior view of the arm?
Biceps brachii.
What muscle is located on the medial side of the forearm?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
Which muscle is indicated as ‘palmaris longus’?
A muscle that helps in wrist flexion.
What is the role of the ‘flexor pollicis longus’?
It flexes the thumb.
Which muscle is responsible for pronation of the forearm?
Pronator teres.
What is the function of the pronator teres?
To pronate the forearm.
What muscle is located at the deepest layer in the anterior view?
Flexor pollicis longus.
What is the function of the ‘brachioradialis’?
It assists in flexing the forearm.
What is the function of the ‘flexor carpi ulnaris’?
It flexes and adducts the wrist.
What is the role of the flexor digitorum profundus?
To flex the fingers.
What is the function of the ‘pronator quadratus’?
It pronates the forearm.
What is the primary action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
To flex and adduct the wrist.
What structure connects the radius and ulna?
Interosseous membrane.
What is the primary function of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?
To flex the thumb.
What is the anatomical position of the interosseous membrane?
Between the radius and ulna.
What is the function of the palmaris longus?
Flexes the wrist.
Which muscle is located superficially in the forearm flexors?
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
Which nerve innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm?
Median nerve.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus.
What is the significance of the ulnar tuberosity?
It serves as an attachment point for the brachialis muscle.
What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?
To flex the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers.
What is the role of the palmaris longus muscle?
To assist in wrist flexion.
Which muscle is located on the anterior side of the forearm?
Flexor carpi radialis.
What is the anatomical position of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?
On the medial side of the forearm.
What are the lumbricals responsible for?
They flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.
How many lumbrical muscles are there in the hand?
Four.
What is the role of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?
It flexes the thumb.
Describe the tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus and Flexor Pollicis Longus.
These tendons are responsible for flexing the fingers and thumb, respectively.
What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?
It flexes the distal phalanges of the fingers.
What are the Lumbricals in the hand responsible for?
They flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.
Which nerve supplies most muscles in the superficial group of the back of the forearm?
Posterior interosseous nerve.
What is the action of the brachioradialis muscle?
Flexion of the elbow in the midprone position.
Which muscles are the main extensors of the wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris.
What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar deviation (adduction) of the wrist.
What is the unique feature of the anconeus muscle?
It arises separately from the lateral epicondyle.
What is the insertion point of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
What is the common origin for most muscles in the superficial group of the back of the forearm?
Front of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin).
What is the action of the extensor digitorum?
Extension of metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the medial 4 fingers.
Which muscles are exceptions to the common action of wrist extension?
Brachioradialis and anconeus.
What is the common action of the muscles in the superficial group of the back of the forearm?
Extension of the wrist.
What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Lower 1/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge.
What is the action of the anconeus muscle?
Assists triceps in extension of the elbow.
Which muscle extends the index finger?
Extensor indicis.
What is the primary function of the extensor pollicis longus?
Extends the thumb.
What is the primary function of the extensor digitorum?
To extend the fingers.
What muscle is responsible for extending the wrist and fingers?
Extensor digitorum.
What is the role of the extensor indicis?
To extend the index finger.
Describe the most lateral extensor muscle in the forearm.
The extensor carpi radialis brevis is located laterally and assists in wrist extension.
Which muscle is responsible for wrist abduction?
Abductor pollicis longus.
Which muscle is located on the anterior side of the forearm and is responsible for wrist flexion?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
Which muscle is located on the lateral side of the forearm and assists in wrist extension?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
What is the role of the abductor pollicis longus?
Abducts the thumb.
Which muscle is responsible for supination of the forearm?
Supinator.
What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Flexes and adducts the wrist.
What is the origin of the triceps brachii?
Scapula and humerus.
What is the function of the supinator muscle?
To supinate the forearm.
Describe the longest extensor muscle in the forearm.
The extensor pollicis longus is the longest extensor and extends the thumb.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the digits?
Flexor digitorum profundus.
Describe the primary function of the forearm muscles.
These muscles are responsible for movement and manipulation of the hand and wrist.
Describe the muscles of the forearm.
The forearm contains muscles that are responsible for various movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction of the wrist and fingers.
To which part of the body do the forearm muscles belong?
The forearm.
What type of muscles are primarily shown in the forearm?
Skeletal muscles.
What is the significance of the muscles in the forearm?
They are essential for fine motor skills and grip strength.
How many main groups of muscles are typically found in the forearm?
Two main groups: superficial and deep.
Which muscle is responsible for extending the little finger?
Extensor digiti minimi.
Which muscle is responsible for extending the digits?
Extensor digitorum.
What muscle is responsible for extending the wrist and fingers?
Extensor digitorum.
What is the anatomical term for the base of the proximal phalanx?
Base of proximal phalanx.
What is the anatomical term for the area labeled as ‘anatomical snuff-box’?
A triangular depression on the lateral aspect of the wrist.
Which muscle is located at the base of the proximal phalanx?
Abductor pollicis longus.
What is the primary function of the muscles in the superficial group of the back of the forearm?
They are superficial extensors.
Which muscle is located in the medial group of the superficial extensors?
Extensor carpi ulnaris.
Which muscle is located at the base of the 5th metacarpal bone?
Extensor carpi ulnaris.
What is the role of the Extensor carpi ulnaris?
It extends and adducts the wrist.
What is the function of the Anconeus muscle?
It assists in elbow extension.
What is the function of the Abductor pollicis longus?
It abducts the thumb.
From where do the muscles of the deep group of the back of the forearm arise?
Back of interosseous membrane and back of shaft of radius or ulna (except supinator).
What nerve supplies the deep group of muscles in the back of the forearm?
Posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve).
What is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Extension of proximal phalanx of thumb.
What does the extensor indicis do?
Extension of all joints of index finger.
What are the origins of the supinator muscle?
Superficial part: lateral epicondyle and radial collateral ligament
Where does the abductor pollicis longus insert?
Base of 1st metacarpal bone.
What is the action of the supinator muscle?
Supination of forearm at radio-ulnar joints.
What is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus?
Posterior surface of ulna & interosseous membrane.
What is the action of the extensor indicis?
Extension of all joints of index finger.
Where does the extensor pollicis longus insert?
Base of terminal phalanx of thumb.
Which muscle extends the index finger?
Extensor indicis.
What is the role of the posterior interosseous nerve?
Innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm.
Which muscle abducts the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus muscle.
Which muscle is located in the deep group of muscles of the back of the forearm?
Extensor pollicis brevis.
What nerve is associated with the posterior interosseous region?
Posterior interosseous nerve.
What structure is indicated by the dorsal tubercle of Lister?
A bony prominence on the distal radius.
What is the significance of the interosseous membrane?
Connects the radius and ulna, providing stability.
What is the function of the extensor pollicis longus?
Extends the thumb.
What is the anatomical snuff box?
A triangular depression on the lateral aspect of the wrist.
Which muscle abducts the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus.
What is the role of the interosseous membrane?
Connects the radius and ulna.
What muscle is responsible for supination of the forearm?
Supinator muscle.
What is the function of the supinator muscle?
To supinate the forearm.
What branches are associated with the radial nerve?
Deep branch and superficial branch.
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the supinator muscle?
Posterior interosseous nerve.
What artery is mentioned in relation to the posterior interosseous nerve?
Recurrent interosseous artery.
Where does the deep branch of the radial nerve travel?
It travels deep to the supinator muscle.
What muscle is associated with the supinator?
Supinator muscle.
What does the posterior interosseous nerve innervate?
Muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm.
What anatomical structure is indicated by ‘lateral epicondyle’?
A bony prominence on the outer part of the elbow.
What is the function of the supinator muscle?
To supinate the forearm.
Which muscle is located on the lateral side of the forearm?
Brachioradialis.
What role do the muscles in the forearm play?
They facilitate movement of the wrist and fingers.
Which muscle is responsible for extending the thumb?
Extensor pollicis longus.
What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?
It holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place at the wrist.
What is the difference between extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis?
Extensor pollicis longus extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint, while extensor pollicis brevis extends the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
What is the function of the extensor pollicis brevis?
It extends the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
What is the role of the abductor pollicis longus?
It abducts the thumb.
What is the function of the muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment?
They primarily extend the wrist and fingers.
What is the action of the Abductor pollicis brevis?
Abduction of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb.
Which nerve supplies all thenar muscles except adductor pollicis?
Median nerve.
What is the action of the Opponens pollicis?
Opposition of the thumb against other fingers at the carpo-metacarpal joint.
What muscles are included in the lateral muscles of the palm?
Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, and Adductor pollicis.
What is the action of the Adductor pollicis?
Adduction of the thumb at the carpo-metacarpal joint.
What are the two heads of the Adductor pollicis?
Transverse head and oblique head.
What is the common origin of the thenar muscles?
Lateral part of flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium.
What is the action of the Flexor pollicis brevis?
Flexion of the carpo-metacarpal and metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb.
Where are the thenar muscles inserted?
Proximal phalanx of the thumb, except for opponens pollicis.
Which muscle abducts the little finger?
Abductor digiti minimi.
What are the muscles that control the little finger called?
Hypothenar muscles.
What are the muscles located in the medial palm of the hand called?
Thenar muscles.
What is the function of the opponens pollicis muscle?
It allows opposition of the thumb.
What are the muscles located in the lateral palm of the hand called?
Hypothenar muscles.
What is the function of the flexor digiti minimi?
It flexes the little finger.
What is the function of the flexor pollicis brevis?
It flexes the thumb.
Name one type of intrinsic muscle found in the hand.
Lumbricals.
What is the function of the palmar interossei muscles?
Adduction of the fingers.
Which intrinsic muscle is involved in opposition of the thumb?
Opponens pollicis.
What is the function of the palmaris brevis?
Improves grip by tightening the skin on the palm.
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand responsible for?
Fine motor movements of the fingers.
What is the function of the palmaris brevis muscle?
Improves grip by tightening the skin of the palm.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the thumb?
Flexor pollicis brevis.
What is the function of the palmar interossei?
Adduction of the fingers.
Which muscle is responsible for the adduction of the thumb?
Adductor pollicis.
Which intrinsic muscle is involved in opposition of the thumb?
Opponens pollicis.
What is the role of the first dorsal interosseous muscle?
Abduction of the index finger.
Which muscle assists in flexing the proximal phalanges?
Lumbricals.
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand responsible for?
Fine motor movements of the fingers.
Which muscle assists in flexing the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Lumbricals.
What is the movement called that combines flexion and medial rotation of the thumb?
Opposition.
What muscle is responsible for the opposition of the thumb?
Opponens pollicis.
What is the role of the flexor retinaculum?
It holds the tendons of the flexor muscles in place.
What are the interosseous muscles responsible for?
They assist in finger abduction and adduction.
What is the function of the lumbricals in the hand?
They flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.
What is the primary action of the adductor pollicis?
Adduction of the thumb.
Which muscle is located in the hypothenar eminence?
Opponens digiti minimi.
What are the muscles located in the thenar eminence?
Abductor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Adductor pollicis.
Which muscle abducts the little finger?
Abductor digiti minimi.
Which muscle is located in the hypothenar eminence?
Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti minimi.
What is the role of the flexor retinaculum?
It holds the tendons of the flexor muscles in place at the wrist.
What is the origin of the opponens digiti minimi?
Medial surface of the shaft of the 5th metacarpal bone.
What is the common origin of the medial muscles of the palm?
Medial part of flexor retinaculum, pisiform bone, and hook of hamate.
What is the origin of the palmaris brevis?
Medial border of the palmar aponeurosis.
Where do all the medial muscles of the palm insert?
Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger (except opponens digiti minimi).
What is the action of the opponens digiti minimi?
Opposition of the little finger against the thumb.
What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi?
Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the little finger.
What is the action of the palmaris brevis?
Deepens the hollow of the palm of the hand.
Which nerve supplies all the medial muscles of the palm?
Ulnar nerve.
What is the action of the abductor digiti minimi?
Abduction of the little finger.
What is the origin of the palmaris brevis?
Medial border of palmar aponeurosis.
What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi?
Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the little finger.
