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Large Animal Anatomy > MUSCLES! > Flashcards

MUSCLES! Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

-striated
-voluntary
-multi nucleated
- responsible for maintenance of body posture

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2
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

-striated
-INvoluntary
-branched
-does not require nervous system stimulation
-single nucleated

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3
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

-unstriated
-involuntary
-tapered
-single nucleated
-located in digestive tract and blood vessels

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4
Q

Extrinsic muscle

A

muscles with one or more attachments to the trunk and one or more to the limb (attach from forearm to trunk)

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5
Q

Intrinsic muscle

A

muscles that attach only to the bones of the limb (muscles within the forearm)

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6
Q

Myofibrils

A

-twizzler branch
-tiny parallel fibers that make up muscle fibers (LOTS)
-small and long
-hundreds of nuclei

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7
Q

Myofilaments

A

-inside twizzler branch
-microscopic bundles of proteins contained in myofibrils
-thick and thin filaments

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8
Q

Thick filaments

A

myosin

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9
Q

Thin filaments

A

actin

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10
Q

Endomysium

A

-“within”
-layer of connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers
-capillaries, nerves, etc.

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11
Q

Perimysium

A

-“around”
-layer of connective tissue that surrounds a group of muscle fibers
-blood vessels and nerves

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12
Q

Epimysium

A

-dense
-connective tissue sheet that covers the whole muscle

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13
Q

Parallel muscle

A

-strap like
-fibers run parallel to eachother
-(rectus abdominus)

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14
Q

Pennate muscle

A

-penna=feather
-muscles with tendons throughout their length

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15
Q

Unipennate

A

-a tendon that runs along ONE side
-(semimembranosus)

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16
Q

Bipennate

A

-a tendon that runs along both sides
-converges on a tendon from both directions
-(rectus femoris)

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17
Q

Multipennate

A

-tendons distributes throughout muscle
-(deltoid)

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18
Q

Fleshy attachments

A

-appear that muscle connects directly to bone
-very short tendons in reality
-(infraspinatus)

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19
Q

Tendinous attachments

A

-cord like connective tissue
-attaches pennate muscles to bone
-(sartorius)

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20
Q

Aponeurotic attachments

A

-a flat, tendinous sheet attaches to muscles
-(muscles of the abdominal wall)

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21
Q

Origin definition

A

-the more fixed point of a muscle attachment
-typically more proximal

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22
Q

Insertion definition

A

-the more moveable point of muscle attachments
-typically more distal

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23
Q

Flexor definition

A

angles the bone

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24
Q

Extensor definition

A

opens a joint

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25
Q

Agonist def

A

-“prime mover”
-muscles involved in the mvmt of a joint
-flexion, extension, rotation

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26
Q

Antagonist def

A

-action directly opposite to the agonist

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27
Q

Fixator def

A

-muscle that stabilizes joints when the agonists are in action
-“fixes” muscles/joints

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28
Q

Synergist def

A

-works against any undesired action of agonists
-helps stabilize and make more efficient

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29
Q

Muscle nomenclature

A

-Location: biceps femoris, near femur
-Action: deep digital flexor, flexes digit
-Size: gluteus maximus, large
-Shape: Trapezius. trapezoid
-Number of origins: biceps brachii, 2 origins
-Attachment: sternomandibularis, originates at sternum, inserts at mandible

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30
Q

Cutaneus trunci

A

-twitch muscle
-right under skin

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31
Q

Trapezius origin

A

neck and thorax

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32
Q

Trapezius insertion

A

scapula

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33
Q

Trapezius action

A

elevate the limb

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34
Q

Brachiocephalicus

A

arm to skull

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35
Q

Sternomandibularis origin

A

sternum

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36
Q

Sternomandibularis insertion

A

mandible

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37
Q

Sternomandibularis action

A

flexes neck and turns head

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38
Q

Superficial pectoral

A

fibers run towards arm

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39
Q

Superficial pectoral origin

A

sternum

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40
Q

Superficial pectoral insertion

A

humerus

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41
Q

Superficial pectoral action

A

adduct the limb

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42
Q

Deep Pectoral origin

A

sternum

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43
Q

Deep pectoral insertion

A

humerus

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44
Q

Deep pectoral action

A

adduct and retract the limb (flex shoulder)

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45
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

fan shaped

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46
Q

Serratus ventralis

A

serrated knife

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47
Q

Supraspinatus

A

in front of spine

48
Q

Supraspinatus origin

A

scapula

49
Q

Supraspinatus insertion

A

humerus

50
Q

Supraspinatus action

A

stabilize and extend shoulder joint

51
Q

Infraspinatus

A

behind spine

52
Q

Infraspinatus origin

A

scapula

53
Q

Infraspinatus insertion

A

humerus

54
Q

Infraspinatus action

A

stabilize, flex, and extend shoulder joint

55
Q

Deltoideus

A

egg shaped

56
Q

Deltoideus origin

A

scapula

57
Q

Deltoideus insertion

A

humerus

58
Q

Deltoideus action

A

flex the shoulder joint

59
Q

Triceps brachii

A

large, multiple heads

60
Q

Tensor fasciae antibrachii

A

strap like on the arm

61
Q

Biceps brachii origin

A

scapula

62
Q

Biceps brachii insertion

A

radius

63
Q

Biceps brachii action

A

flex the elbow joint, extend shoulder joint

64
Q

Brachialis

A

breaks up biceps and triceps

65
Q

Brachialis origin

A

humerus

66
Q

Brachialis insertion

A

radius

67
Q

Brachialis action

A

flex the elbow joint

68
Q

Rhomboideus

A

under trapezius

69
Q

Rhomboideus origin

A

neck and thorax

70
Q

Rhomboideus insertion

A

scapula and scapular cartilage

71
Q

Rhomboideus action

A

elevate the limb

72
Q

Subscapularis

A

A-shaped

73
Q

Subscapularis origin

A

scapula

74
Q

Subscapularis insertion

A

humerus

75
Q

Subscapularis action

A

adduct and extend shoulder joint

76
Q

Superficial cervical lymph node

A

not connected to anything

77
Q

Nuchal ligament

A

runs along spine

78
Q

Internal intercostal

A

exhalation

79
Q

External intercostal

A

inhalation

80
Q

Longissimus dorsi

A

strap muscle

81
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

triangle shaped

82
Q

Gluteus medius

A

above the tensor fasciae latae

83
Q

Gluteus medius origin

A

ilieum

84
Q

Gluteus medius insertion

A

femur

85
Q

Gluteus medius action

A

extend hip joint and rotate limb

86
Q

Deep gluteal

A

under gluteus medius

87
Q

Biceps femoris

A

big heart, dog=3 heads

88
Q

Semitendinosus

A

behind biceps femoris

89
Q

Semimembranosus

A

-M OF SPAM
-back side

90
Q

Semimembranosus origin

A

ischiatic tuberosity of os coxae

91
Q

Semimembranosus insertion

A

femur and tibia

92
Q

Semimembranosus action

A

extend hip joint, extend stifle

93
Q

Sartorius

A

-S OF SPAM MUSCLE
-strap muscle

94
Q

Sartorius origin

A

ilieum of the os coxae

95
Q

Sartorius insertion

A

patella and tibia

96
Q

Sartorius action

A

flex hip joint, flex/extend stifle

97
Q

Pectineus

A

-P OF SPAM MUSCLE
-little, mouse meat

98
Q

Pectineus origin

A

os coxae

99
Q

Pectineus insertion

A

femur

100
Q

Pectineus action

A

adduct the limb

101
Q

Gracilis

A

inner thigh, fajita meat

102
Q

Adductor

A
  • A OF SPAM MUCLES
    -a shaped
103
Q

Adductor origin

A

os coxae

104
Q

Adductor insertion

A

femur

105
Q

Adductor action

A

adduct limb, extend hip joint

106
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

4 bellies

107
Q

Rectus femoris

A

round muscle in the middle

108
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

outside, large triangular

109
Q

Vastus medialis

A

triangular

110
Q

Vastus intermedialis

A

in middle, against femur

111
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

under biceps femoris

112
Q

External abdominal oblique

A

most external, thin

113
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

A

under external, thin

114
Q

Transverse abdominus

A

cartilage lines

115
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

6 pack

Large Animal Anatomy (2 decks)

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