Muscles Flashcards
What are the roles of the muscular system?
Role:
Body Movement
Maintenance of posture
Respiration
Support soft tissues
Maintenance of body temp
Control of blood flow in vessels
Store Nutrient reserves
what is the gross anatomy of from skeletal muscle (organ) to Fibre (cell)
Skeletal Muscle (organ)
Muscle Fascicle (bundle of cells)
Muscle fibre (cell)
The key substances required for muscle contractions
Actin and Myosin
What are the basics of a neuromuscular junction, and the neurotransmitter involved?
A neuromuscular junction comprises the presynaptic nerve terminal, containing synaptic vesicles of acetylcholine (ACh), and the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fibre, which is thrown into many folds that increase its surface area
The role of muscles in the body
Muscles have a range of functions from pumping blood and supporting movement to lifting heavy weights or giving birth
The gross anatomy of from skeletal muscle (organ) to Fibre (cell)
Each skeletal muscle consists of thousands of muscle fibers wrapped together by connective tissue sheaths.
Made up of endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium, covering the sarcolemma; each muscle fiber is a layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. Capillaries and nerve tissue are present within the endomysium to supply the individual muscle fibers.
The key substances required for muscle contractions
ATP, calcium, troponin, and tropomyosin.
A Muscle Contraction Is Triggered When an Action Potential Travels Along the Nerves to the Muscles
Basics of a neuromuscular junction, and the neurotransmitter involved.
a synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle (skeletal/ smooth/ cardiac).
The steps of sliding filament theory, including key structures such as myofibrils and actin filaments
Relaxed state = No work being performed
Step 1 - Nerve signal has arrived, and travelled through the T tubules to the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum. Ca2+ binds to troponin. Troponin moves tropomysin to reveal myosin binding sites on actin
Step 2 - Actin and myosin crossbridges form. Myosin heads bind actin binding sites
Step 3 - ATP used
ATP powers myosin head to pull thin filament towards the centre of the sarcomere
Step 4 - Actin and myosin crossbridges detach. New ATP attaches to myosin head. ATP detaches myosin from actin site
Step 5 - ATP split to ADP + Pi to prime myosin head for next round. ATP split
Primes for a new crossbridge formation
- Cycle repeats
The creation, use and storage of energy in skeletal muscles
Carbohydrate for skeletal muscle metabolism is intracellular glycogen, which is formed from blood glucose, via glycogenesis, and stored within the myocyte.
When energy needed glycogen is broken to glucose.
How to compare and contrast the different types of muscle, with examples of their locations and functions
Slow vs fast twitch muscles and key differences and roles
what are neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body.
