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Human Anatomy & Physiology Muscles > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression

A

Orbicularis Oris (Duck Face)

Orbicularis Oculi (Ocul-Eye)

Zygomaticus

Risorius

Buccinator (Blow)

Platysma (Pout)

Frontalis (Front Eyebrowlis)

Occipitalis

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2
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Orbital Shape around the mouth. Muscles of facial expression. Express ourselves non verbally. Pucker up.

Sphincter around mouth

Action = Closes and protrudes lips

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3
Q

Orbicularis Oculi (Ocul-EYE)

A

Orbital shape muscle around the eye. Allows us to squint our eyes closed.

Sphincter around eye

Action = Closes eyelid

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4
Q

Zygomaticus (ZMILE)

A

Angle of Zygomatic Bone. Major and minor muscles of our smile. Derive off of the Zygomatic Bones. Comes in from the sides of the mouth.

Origination = Zygomatic Bone

Insertion = Angle of the mouth

Action = Raise Angle of the Mouth, Smile

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5
Q

Risorius

A

Next to Zygomaticus Major and Minor. One of the superficial muscles of facial expression and one of the muscles of the mouth.

Origination = Fascia of Masseter Muscle

Insertion = Angle of the mouth

Angle = Draws angle of mouth laterally as in tenseness; Retracts angle of the mouth

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6
Q

Buccinator (Blow)

A

Insert in the orbicularis oris. Help stabilize the side of the mouth. Muscle on the side.

Origination = Alveoli of Mandible and Maxilla

Insertion = Orbicularis Oris

Action = Compress cheek: blowing

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7
Q

Platysma (Pout)

A

Muscle of facial expression. Cat has cutaneous maximus. And it’s the muscle of the neck

Origination = Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles

Insertion = Mandible, skin of chin and cheek

Action = Depress mandible; Draws lips downward as in pouting: tightens and wrinkles skin of neck (monster and or turtle face)

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8
Q

Frontalis (Front EYEbrowlis)

A

More complex muscle, collectively in the occipital frontalis.

Origination = Galea Aponeurotica

Insertion = Skin and muscles of forehead

Action = Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead, draws scalp forward

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9
Q

Occipitalis

A

Tension Headaches. Sharp stabbing pain above the eye. Origin is normally the stable base.

Origination = Occipital Bone

Insertion = Galea Aponeurotica

Action = Draws scalp backward

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10
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Chewing Muscles

Masseter (Mass)

Temporalis (Temple)

Digastric (Dojo)

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11
Q

Masseter (Mass)**

A

Powerful Muscle

Origination = Zygomatic Arch

Insertion = Ramus of mandible, near the angle.

Action = Elevates Mandible. Close the jaw for chewing.

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12
Q

Temporalis (Temple)

A

Close to the mandible

Origination = Temporal Line

Insertion = Coronoid Process of mandible

Action = Elevates and retracts mandible

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13
Q

Digastric (Dojo)

A

(Floor of oral cavity)

Two belleys. Anterior and Posterior. Involved in pulling the hyoid bone up. Important in swallowing.

Origination = Hyoid Bone

Insertion = Inner surface of lower border of mandible (chin): Mastoid process of temporal bone

Action = Elevates hyoid and larynx, depresses mandible

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14
Q

Muscles that move the head

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Splenius Capitus

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15
Q

Sternocleidomastoid**

A

Muscles on peoples Necks on the Side. If we contract one side, it will turn the opposite direction. Rotation to the opposite side.

Origination = Sternum and Clavicle

Insertion = Mastoid Process of the temporal bone

Action = If both sides contract it flexes the neck. If one side of the neck contracts it rotates the head toward the opposite side

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16
Q

Splenius Capitus

A

Strongest muscles. Extension. Example is the neck. Keeps head in the proper position.

Origination = Ligamentum nuchae (neck ligament) and spines C7-T4 vertebrae

Insertion = Occipital Bone and Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone

Action = Both sides extend head; one side rotates head to the same side as the contracting muscle

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17
Q

Muscles that Move The Shoulder

A

Serratus Anteriror

Pectoralis Minor

Rhomboideus (Major and Minor)

Trapezius

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18
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Each rib has it’s muscular slip. Pull the shoulder blade or the scapula down and forward. Stabilizing the shoulder blade for all the movements that we do

Origination = First 9 ribs

Insertion = Vertebral border of scapula, Ventral Side

Action = Abducts scapula

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19
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Deep to pectoralis major

Origination = Ribs 3-5 goes up and it inserts into the coracoid process

Insertion = Coracoid Process of scapula

Action = Depresses scapula: Protracts scapula

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20
Q

Rhomboideus (Major and Minor)

A

Minor is up above. Adductors bring the extremities towards the midline.

Origination = Spines of C7-T5 vertebrae

Insertion = Vertebral border of scapula

Action = Adducts scapula

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21
Q

Trapezius**

A

Triangular Shape. Large broad sweeping origination.

Origination = Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines C7-T12

Insertion = Lateral Clavicle, Lateral Scapula, Acromion

Action = Elevates (upper portion) or depresses (lower portion) scapula. Adducts scapula, extends head

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22
Q

Muscles that Move the Arm

A

Pectoralis Major

Latissimus Dorsi

Deltoid

Rotator Cuff

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Subscapularis

Teres Major

Teres Minor

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23
Q

Pectoralis Major**

A

The most well known of all the muscles. Horse Shoe Shape. Horizontal Adduction. Allows us to bring the arms towards the midline.

Origination = Clavicle, Sternum, Costal Cartilages of ribs 2-6

Insertion = Lateral lip of the bicipital groove

Action = Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

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24
Q

Latissimus Dorsi**

A

Origination = Spinous Process of T7 through all lumbar through the sacrum, posterior illiac crest, lumbodorsal fascia.

Insertion = Medial lip of the bicipital groove

Action = Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm

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25
Q

Deltoid**

A

Origination = Lateral clavicle, acromion lateral and spine of scapula

Insertion = Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action = Abducts arm, forward flexion, extension of shoulder

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26
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

Rotate the shoulder, arises off of supraspinous fossa

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27
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS)

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Subscapularis

Help in shoulder stabilization. Pull the humeral head into the glenoid fossa.

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28
Q

Supraspinatus**

A

30 degress. Most common injury. Involved in initiating first 30 degrees abduction. 90% of all rotator cuff injuries.

Origination = Supraspinous Fossa

Insertion = Greater Tubucle of humerus

Action = Abducts arm

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29
Q

Infraspinatus**

A

Origination = Infraspinous fossa

Insertion = Greater tubucle of humerus

Action = Rotates arm laterally

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30
Q

Subscapularis**

A

Is the only rotator cuff muscle that internally rotates. The other three are considered external rotators

Origination = Subscapular fossa

Insertion = Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action = Rotates arm medially

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31
Q

Teres Major (Lats Little Helper)**

A

Because it assists in doing what it does. Adduction of bringing elbows towards the body.

Origination = Inferior angle of scapula

Insertion = Intertubercular groove of humerus (medial lip of bicipital groove)

Action = Medially rotates and adducts the arm

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32
Q

Teres Minor**

A

Origination = Lateral (axillary) border of scapula

Insertion = Greater tubercle of humerus

Action = Rotates arm laterally

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33
Q

Muscles that Move the Forearm

A

Biceps Brachii

Brachialis

Triceps Brachii

Supinator

Pronator Teres

Pronator Quadratus

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34
Q

Biceps Brachii**

A

Origination = Above the glenoid fossa (long head); Coracoid Process of scapula (short head)

Insertion = Radial tuberosity

Action = Flexes forearm (elbow) and supinates forearm

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35
Q

Brachialis

A

One joint muscle

Origination = Anterior surface of humerus

Insertion = Coronoid Process of Ulna

Action = Flexes forearm

36
Q

Triceps Brachii**

A

Origination = below glenoid fossa (long head), lateral and posterior shaft of humerus proximally (lateral head), posterior surface of humerus distally (medial head)

Insertion = Olecranon Process of Ulna

Action = Extends forearm (elbow), some shoulder extension as well

37
Q

Supinator

A

Origination = Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion = Lateral Surface of proximal radius

Action = Supinates forearm

38
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Index Finger

Origination = Medial epicondyle of humerus; Coronoid Process of Ulna

Insertion = Middle of the lateral surface of radius

Action = Pronates forearm

39
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Origination = Distal Ulna (Anterior)

Insertion = Distal Radius (Anterior)

Action = Pronates forearm

40
Q

Muscles that Move the Wrist and Fingers

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Palmaris Longus

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Extensor Carpi Radialis (Longus)

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extensor Digitorum

41
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis**

A

Middle Finger

Origination = Medial Epicondyle of humerus

Insertion = Ventral Surface of metacarpals II and II

Action = Flexes and adducts palm

42
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Origination = Medial epicondyle of humerus: Upper dorsal border of ulna

Insertion = Base metacarpal III-V

Action = Flexes and adducts palm

43
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

Origination = Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion = Palmar aponeurosis

Action = Flexes palm

44
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Origination = Medial Epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, anterior surface of radius

Insertion = Ventral Surface of middle phalanges 2-5

Action = Flexes Phalanges

45
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Origination = Anterior medial surface of ulna

Insertion = Ventral Surface of distal phalanges 2-5

Action = Flexes phalanges

46
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis (Longus)

A

Origination = lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion = dorsal surface of metacarpal II

Action = extends and abducts palm

47
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Originates = lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion = metacarpal V

Action = extends and adducts palm

48
Q

Extensor Digitorum**

A

Origination = lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion = dorsal surface of phalanges

Action = extends phalanges and palm

49
Q

Muscles that Move the Thigh

A

Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus

Tensor Fascia Latae

Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus

Adductor Brevis

50
Q

Gluteus Maximus**

A

Cross sectional surface area and mass makes it a powerful muscle. We stand erect so it’s a powerful muscle compared to cats. Travels laterally and inserts gluteal tuberosity in the back of the femur. Main function is to extend the leg backwards. Help us to be able to help us stand erect.

Origination = Posterior Superior Iliac Spine, Sacrum, Coccyx

Insertion = Gluteal Tuberosity of Femur

Action = extends thigh (hip joint) and laterally rotates thigh

51
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Arises off of the External Illiac Fossa. Comes down and inserts into the greater trochanter. Action based on abduction of hip joint. Based on two locations that the muscle is attached to. Involved in abduction of the hip joint.

Origination = ilium

Insertion = greater trochanter of femur

Action = abducts and medially rotates thigh

52
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Inferior to gluteus medius. One of the hip abductors. Hip stabilization with Gluteus Medius. Dominance from a different perspective. Which hip would you lean on the most? Most would lean on left leg. Stabilizers are not as strong on opposite leg than the one you lean on.

Origination = Ilium

Insertion = Greater trochanter of femur

Action = Abducta and medially rotates thigh

53
Q

Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus

A

Two Most hip stabilizers

54
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae

A

like gluteus maximus but sits in front. Arises from the Anterior Superior Illiac Spine of the anterior aspect. Inserts into the fascia latae. Sit in same fascial plane. Gluteus Maximus and TFL laying in the same fascial plane.

Origination = iliac crest (anterior part)

Insertion = lateral fascia of tibia

Action = tenses lateral fascia, flexes thigh (hip) and abducts thigh

55
Q

Adductor Longus**

A

Off of the pubic bone and inserts Linea Aspera, back of the femur. Do a very good job of adducting. Bring legs towards midline.

Origination = pubis

Insertion = linea aspera of femur

Action = adducts thigh

56
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

largest of these. Thin muscles. Covers large surface area but thin.

Origination = pubis and ischium

Insertion = linea aspera of femur all the way down. Adductor tubercle. Most distal attachment for the adductor magnus.

Action = adducts thigh

57
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

brevis means short. Up higher. Involved in adduction of the leg

Origination = pubis

Insertion = linea aspera of femur

Action = adducts thigh

58
Q

Quadriceps Femoris**

A

Made up of 4 muscles

Rectus Femoris - Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine and inserts into the patella. Two joint muscle crosses the hip and the knee. Flexion of the hip and the extension of the knee.

Origination = anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action = extends leg (knee), flexes thigh (hip)

59
Q

Vastus Lateralis**

A

lateral of the group. Arises off of the lateral shaft of the femur comes down inserts into the quadriceps tendon. It is not a two joint does not cross the hip joint. Always involved in knee extension. No flexion.

Origination = greater trochanter and lateral to linea aspera of femur

Insertion = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action = extends leg, knee extension

60
Q

Vastus Medialus**

A

tear dropped shape of the structure. Fibers run in more than unique angles.

Origination = medial to linea aspera of femur

Insertion = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action = extends leg

61
Q

2 Hamstrings**

A

There are 4 quad muscles. Two lateral and two medial muscles

62
Q

Biceps Femoris**

A

has two heads. One head arises off of ischial tuberosity, the butt bone. Short head arises on the posterior lateral shaft of the femur. They cross two joints. Hip extension knee flexion. Long head off of the medial promimal shaft of tibia. Cross hip joint and knee.

Origination = ischial tuberosity and linea aspera

Insertion = lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula

Action = flexes leg and extends thigh

63
Q

Semitendinosus (More Superficial)**

A

arise off of the ischial tuberosity. Then it goes down and inserts into medial aspect of tibia. Crosses two joints. ACL reconstructings. Biochemics. Angle and length wrong may give you problems. Much thinner.

Quads are hip flexion and knee extension. Hamstring are opposite. Hip extension and knee flexion.

Origination = ischial tuberosity

Insertion = medial surface of proximal tibia

Action = flexes leg and extends thigh

64
Q

Semimembranous (More Deep)**

A

Wider and membraneous. Medial proximal shaft of tibia. Cross hip joint and knee. Opposite of quads.

Origination = ischial tuberosity

Insertion = medial condyle of tibia

Action = flexes leg and extends thigh

65
Q

Gracilis

A

most medial to thigh. Pubic body is inferior ramus of the pubic bone. Inserts into the same spot as the semitendonosus attaches. The medial aspect of the tibia.

Origination = pubis

Insertion = medial surface of tibia below condyle

Action = flexes leg and adducts thigh

66
Q

Sartorius (Longest Muscle in the human body)

A

Anterior Superior Illiac Spine and goes all the way down to the pesasterine, cross hip joint, pull in external rotation of femur and crosses knee of flexion, known as “tailors muscle.“ External rotation of femur.

Origination = anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion = medial surface of proximal tibia

Action = flex thigh and leg, rotate thigh laterally (tailor’s muscle)

67
Q

Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes

A

Tibialis Anterior

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Peroneus Longus

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Flexor Digitorum Longus

68
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

inserts in 1st metatarsal. Involved in causing dorsie flexion, bringing toes upward. Dorsal top of foot, and plantar lower of the foot. Function as essentrically contracts the foot and lowers the foot down.

Origination = lateral condyle and body of tibia

Insertion = metatarsal I

Action = dorsiflex foot

69
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

inserts into digits 2-5, lifts the toes up. Helps prevent foot slap.

Origination = lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula

Insertion = dorsal surfaces of phalanges 2-5

Action = extends toes, dorsiflexes foot

70
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

plantar flexion. Eversion showing the outside of the foot. Eversion of the foot, see the sole of the foot.

Origination = lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula

Insertion = ventral surface of metatarsal I

Action = plantar flexes and everts foot

71
Q

Gastrocnemius**

A

Superficial muscles. Two condyles of the femur. Crosses knee joint involved in weak flexion of the knee and plantar extension. Strengthn calf extension. Strong fast twitch, white muscle fibers. Insert into the Achilles tendon, tendon calcaneous. Involved in weak flexion of the knee and also plantar flexion.

Origination = above lateral and medial condyles of femur

Insertion = calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon

Action = plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee

72
Q

Soleus**

A

does not cross knee joint. Soleal line, inserts into Achilles tendon. Involved in raising up the heal. More red ribers which is slow twitch.

Origination = posteromedial tibia: head of fibula

Insertion = calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon

Action = plantar flexes foot

73
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

posterior aspect. 2-5 digits, involved mostly in plantar flexion and curling of toes. Does not cross the knee joint.

Origination = posterior surface of tibia

Insertion = distal phalanges 2-5

Action = flexes toes and plantar flexes foot

74
Q

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

A

External Abdominal Oblique

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Transversus Abdominis

Rectus Abdominus

75
Q

External Abdominal Oblique**

A

fibers run like putting hands in pockets. Most superficial and relatively thin. Lower rib. SternoClavoMastoid. Contract at the same time, will get forward flexion. One side, we get rotation to the opposite sides.

Origination = lower 8 ribs

Insertion = linea alba and iliac crest

Action = compresses abdomen: flexes or bends spine: depresses ribs

76
Q

Internal Abdominal Oblique

A

fiber direction is perpendicular to external obliques. Linea alba and lower ribs. When these muscles contracts, both sides bilaterally cause flexion of the torso one side contracts rotation is same side.

Origination = iliac crest

Insertion = linea alba and lower ribs

Action = compresses abdomen, flexes or bends spine: depresses ribs

77
Q

Transversus Abdominis

A

inserts into linea alba and pubic bone. This muscle arises off fascia off the back and comes medially and fans out.

Origination = iliac crest, lumbar fascia and costal cartilage of lower ribs

Insertion = linea alba and pubis

Action = compresses abdomen

78
Q

Rectus Abdominis**

A

“6 Pack” fibers run straight. Inserts in the pubis symphasis. Superior and inferior direction.

Origination = xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

Insertion = symphysis pubis

Action = compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column, and depresses ribs

79
Q

Muscles Used in Breathing

A

Diaphragm

External Intercostals

Internal Intercostals

80
Q

Diaphragm

A

arise off xiphoid process. The lower ribs and lumbar vertebrae. Like a trampoline. Goes downward, we’ve sucked in air into the lungs. Upwards blowing air out of the lungs.

Origination = Xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs 4-10 and lumbar vertebrae

Insertion = central tendon of diaphragm

Action = increases size of thoracic cavity for breathing

81
Q

External Intercostals**

A

more superficial, rib above to one rib below. Run like putting hands into pockets. So when the external intercostals contract, Lower rib is pulled up against the upper rib. The ribs are all pulled upward, so the external intercostals are involved in inspiration just like the diaphragm.

Origination = one rib

Insertion = next rib

Action = breathing (elevates ribs)

82
Q

Internal Intercostals**

A

Fibers run just like the internal obliques. Run perpendicular to the external. They arise off the lower rib and come insert into the upper rib. Lower rib is pulled down, the upper rib gets pulled down. They allows to push the air out of the lungs, which is expiration.

Origination = one rib

Insertion = next rib

Action = breathing (depresses ribs)

83
Q

Muscles that Move the Vertebral Column

A

Erector Spinae

Longissimus Intermediate

Spinalis (Medial)

Plastic Deformation

84
Q

Erector Spinae

A

Arise lumbdoidal fascia.

Iliocostalis (most lateral) insert into the ribs.

Origination = iliac crest and ribs

Insertion = ribs

Action = extends the vertebral column

85
Q

Longissimus Intermediate

A

come in and insert to the transverse process.

Origination = transverse process of lumbar, thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae

Insertion = transverse processes of the vertebrae above the vertebra of origin, plus the
mastoid process of the temporal bone

Action = extends vertebral column

86
Q

Spinalis (Medial)

A

lower spine or spinous process. Insert into upper spinous processes. All erect up the spine.

Origination = spinous process of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae

Insertion = spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae

Action = extends the vertebral column

87
Q

Plastic Deformation

A

our bodies mold to the positions that our bodies are in throughout the day.

Human Anatomy & Physiology Muscles (2 decks)

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