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Human Anatomy & Physiology Muscles > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression

A

Orbicularis Oris (Duck Face)

Orbicularis Oculi (Ocul-Eye)

Zygomaticus

Risorius

Buccinator (Blow)

Platysma (Pout)

Frontalis (Front Eyebrowlis)

Occipitalis

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2
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Orbital Shape around the mouth. Muscles of facial expression. Express ourselves non verbally. Pucker up.

Sphincter around mouth

Action = Closes and protrudes lips

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3
Q

Orbicularis Oculi (Ocul-EYE)

A

Orbital shape muscle around the eye. Allows us to squint our eyes closed.

Sphincter around eye

Action = Closes eyelid

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4
Q

Zygomaticus (ZMILE)

A

Angle of Zygomatic Bone. Major and minor muscles of our smile. Derive off of the Zygomatic Bones. Comes in from the sides of the mouth.

Origination = Zygomatic Bone

Insertion = Angle of the mouth

Action = Raise Angle of the Mouth, Smile

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5
Q

Risorius

A

Next to Zygomaticus Major and Minor. One of the superficial muscles of facial expression and one of the muscles of the mouth.

Origination = Fascia of Masseter Muscle

Insertion = Angle of the mouth

Angle = Draws angle of mouth laterally as in tenseness; Retracts angle of the mouth

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6
Q

Buccinator (Blow)

A

Insert in the orbicularis oris. Help stabilize the side of the mouth. Muscle on the side.

Origination = Alveoli of Mandible and Maxilla

Insertion = Orbicularis Oris

Action = Compress cheek: blowing

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7
Q

Platysma (Pout)

A

Muscle of facial expression. Cat has cutaneous maximus. And it’s the muscle of the neck

Origination = Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles

Insertion = Mandible, skin of chin and cheek

Action = Depress mandible; Draws lips downward as in pouting: tightens and wrinkles skin of neck (monster and or turtle face)

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8
Q

Frontalis (Front EYEbrowlis)

A

More complex muscle, collectively in the occipital frontalis.

Origination = Galea Aponeurotica

Insertion = Skin and muscles of forehead

Action = Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead, draws scalp forward

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9
Q

Occipitalis

A

Tension Headaches. Sharp stabbing pain above the eye. Origin is normally the stable base.

Origination = Occipital Bone

Insertion = Galea Aponeurotica

Action = Draws scalp backward

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10
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Chewing Muscles

Masseter (Mass)

Temporalis (Temple)

Digastric (Dojo)

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11
Q

Masseter (Mass)**

A

Powerful Muscle

Origination = Zygomatic Arch

Insertion = Ramus of mandible, near the angle.

Action = Elevates Mandible. Close the jaw for chewing.

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12
Q

Temporalis (Temple)

A

Close to the mandible

Origination = Temporal Line

Insertion = Coronoid Process of mandible

Action = Elevates and retracts mandible

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13
Q

Digastric (Dojo)

A

(Floor of oral cavity)

Two belleys. Anterior and Posterior. Involved in pulling the hyoid bone up. Important in swallowing.

Origination = Hyoid Bone

Insertion = Inner surface of lower border of mandible (chin): Mastoid process of temporal bone

Action = Elevates hyoid and larynx, depresses mandible

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14
Q

Muscles that move the head

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Splenius Capitus

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15
Q

Sternocleidomastoid**

A

Muscles on peoples Necks on the Side. If we contract one side, it will turn the opposite direction. Rotation to the opposite side.

Origination = Sternum and Clavicle

Insertion = Mastoid Process of the temporal bone

Action = If both sides contract it flexes the neck. If one side of the neck contracts it rotates the head toward the opposite side

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16
Q

Splenius Capitus

A

Strongest muscles. Extension. Example is the neck. Keeps head in the proper position.

Origination = Ligamentum nuchae (neck ligament) and spines C7-T4 vertebrae

Insertion = Occipital Bone and Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone

Action = Both sides extend head; one side rotates head to the same side as the contracting muscle

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17
Q

Muscles that Move The Shoulder

A

Serratus Anteriror

Pectoralis Minor

Rhomboideus (Major and Minor)

Trapezius

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18
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Each rib has it’s muscular slip. Pull the shoulder blade or the scapula down and forward. Stabilizing the shoulder blade for all the movements that we do

Origination = First 9 ribs

Insertion = Vertebral border of scapula, Ventral Side

Action = Abducts scapula

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19
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Deep to pectoralis major

Origination = Ribs 3-5 goes up and it inserts into the coracoid process

Insertion = Coracoid Process of scapula

Action = Depresses scapula: Protracts scapula

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20
Q

Rhomboideus (Major and Minor)

A

Minor is up above. Adductors bring the extremities towards the midline.

Origination = Spines of C7-T5 vertebrae

Insertion = Vertebral border of scapula

Action = Adducts scapula

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21
Q

Trapezius**

A

Triangular Shape. Large broad sweeping origination.

Origination = Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines C7-T12

Insertion = Lateral Clavicle, Lateral Scapula, Acromion

Action = Elevates (upper portion) or depresses (lower portion) scapula. Adducts scapula, extends head

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22
Q

Muscles that Move the Arm

A

Pectoralis Major

Latissimus Dorsi

Deltoid

Rotator Cuff

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Subscapularis

Teres Major

Teres Minor

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23
Q

Pectoralis Major**

A

The most well known of all the muscles. Horse Shoe Shape. Horizontal Adduction. Allows us to bring the arms towards the midline.

Origination = Clavicle, Sternum, Costal Cartilages of ribs 2-6

Insertion = Lateral lip of the bicipital groove

Action = Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

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24
Q

Latissimus Dorsi**

A

Origination = Spinous Process of T7 through all lumbar through the sacrum, posterior illiac crest, lumbodorsal fascia.

Insertion = Medial lip of the bicipital groove

Action = Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm

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25
Deltoid**
Origination = Lateral clavicle, acromion lateral and spine of scapula Insertion = Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action = Abducts arm, forward flexion, extension of shoulder
26
Rotator Cuff
Rotate the shoulder, arises off of supraspinous fossa
27
Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS)
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis Help in shoulder stabilization. Pull the humeral head into the glenoid fossa.
28
Supraspinatus**
30 degress. Most common injury. Involved in initiating first 30 degrees abduction. 90% of all rotator cuff injuries. Origination = Supraspinous Fossa Insertion = Greater Tubucle of humerus Action = Abducts arm
29
Infraspinatus**
Origination = Infraspinous fossa Insertion = Greater tubucle of humerus Action = Rotates arm laterally
30
Subscapularis**
Is the only rotator cuff muscle that internally rotates. The other three are considered external rotators Origination = Subscapular fossa Insertion = Lesser tubercle of humerus Action = Rotates arm medially
31
Teres Major (Lats Little Helper)**
Because it assists in doing what it does. Adduction of bringing elbows towards the body. Origination = Inferior angle of scapula Insertion = Intertubercular groove of humerus (medial lip of bicipital groove) Action = Medially rotates and adducts the arm
32
Teres Minor**
Origination = Lateral (axillary) border of scapula Insertion = Greater tubercle of humerus Action = Rotates arm laterally
33
Muscles that Move the Forearm
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Triceps Brachii Supinator Pronator Teres Pronator Quadratus
34
Biceps Brachii**
Origination = Above the glenoid fossa (long head); Coracoid Process of scapula (short head) Insertion = Radial tuberosity Action = Flexes forearm (elbow) and supinates forearm
35
Brachialis
One joint muscle Origination = Anterior surface of humerus Insertion = Coronoid Process of Ulna Action = Flexes forearm
36
Triceps Brachii**
Origination = below glenoid fossa (long head), lateral and posterior shaft of humerus proximally (lateral head), posterior surface of humerus distally (medial head) Insertion = Olecranon Process of Ulna Action = Extends forearm (elbow), some shoulder extension as well
37
Supinator
Origination = Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion = Lateral Surface of proximal radius Action = Supinates forearm
38
Pronator Teres
Index Finger Origination = Medial epicondyle of humerus; Coronoid Process of Ulna Insertion = Middle of the lateral surface of radius Action = Pronates forearm
39
Pronator Quadratus
Origination = Distal Ulna (Anterior) Insertion = Distal Radius (Anterior) Action = Pronates forearm
40
Muscles that Move the Wrist and Fingers
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Palmaris Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Digitorum Profundus Extensor Carpi Radialis (Longus) Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum
41
Flexor Carpi Radialis**
Middle Finger Origination = Medial Epicondyle of humerus Insertion = Ventral Surface of metacarpals II and II Action = Flexes and adducts palm
42
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origination = Medial epicondyle of humerus: Upper dorsal border of ulna Insertion = Base metacarpal III-V Action = Flexes and adducts palm
43
Palmaris Longus
Origination = Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion = Palmar aponeurosis Action = Flexes palm
44
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origination = Medial Epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, anterior surface of radius Insertion = Ventral Surface of middle phalanges 2-5 Action = Flexes Phalanges
45
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origination = Anterior medial surface of ulna Insertion = Ventral Surface of distal phalanges 2-5 Action = Flexes phalanges
46
Extensor Carpi Radialis (Longus)
Origination = lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion = dorsal surface of metacarpal II Action = extends and abducts palm
47
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Originates = lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion = metacarpal V Action = extends and adducts palm
48
Extensor Digitorum**
Origination = lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion = dorsal surface of phalanges Action = extends phalanges and palm
49
Muscles that Move the Thigh
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia Latae Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis
50
Gluteus Maximus**
Cross sectional surface area and mass makes it a powerful muscle. We stand erect so it's a powerful muscle compared to cats. Travels laterally and inserts gluteal tuberosity in the back of the femur. Main function is to extend the leg backwards. Help us to be able to help us stand erect. Origination = Posterior Superior Iliac Spine, Sacrum, Coccyx Insertion = Gluteal Tuberosity of Femur Action = extends thigh (hip joint) and laterally rotates thigh
51
Gluteus Medius
Arises off of the External Illiac Fossa. Comes down and inserts into the greater trochanter. Action based on abduction of hip joint. Based on two locations that the muscle is attached to. Involved in abduction of the hip joint. Origination = ilium Insertion = greater trochanter of femur Action = abducts and medially rotates thigh
52
Gluteus Minimus
Inferior to gluteus medius. One of the hip abductors. Hip stabilization with Gluteus Medius. Dominance from a different perspective. Which hip would you lean on the most? Most would lean on left leg. Stabilizers are not as strong on opposite leg than the one you lean on. Origination = Ilium Insertion = Greater trochanter of femur Action = Abducta and medially rotates thigh
53
Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus
Two Most hip stabilizers
54
Tensor Fascia Latae
like gluteus maximus but sits in front. Arises from the Anterior Superior Illiac Spine of the anterior aspect. Inserts into the fascia latae. Sit in same fascial plane. Gluteus Maximus and TFL laying in the same fascial plane. Origination = iliac crest (anterior part) Insertion = lateral fascia of tibia Action = tenses lateral fascia, flexes thigh (hip) and abducts thigh
55
Adductor Longus**
Off of the pubic bone and inserts Linea Aspera, back of the femur. Do a very good job of adducting. Bring legs towards midline. Origination = pubis Insertion = linea aspera of femur Action = adducts thigh
56
Adductor Magnus
largest of these. Thin muscles. Covers large surface area but thin. Origination = pubis and ischium Insertion = linea aspera of femur all the way down. Adductor tubercle. Most distal attachment for the adductor magnus. Action = adducts thigh
57
Adductor Brevis
brevis means short. Up higher. Involved in adduction of the leg Origination = pubis Insertion = linea aspera of femur Action = adducts thigh
58
Quadriceps Femoris**
Made up of 4 muscles Rectus Femoris - Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine and inserts into the patella. Two joint muscle crosses the hip and the knee. Flexion of the hip and the extension of the knee. Origination = anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Action = extends leg (knee), flexes thigh (hip)
59
Vastus Lateralis**
lateral of the group. Arises off of the lateral shaft of the femur comes down inserts into the quadriceps tendon. It is not a two joint does not cross the hip joint. Always involved in knee extension. No flexion. Origination = greater trochanter and lateral to linea aspera of femur Insertion = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Action = extends leg, knee extension
60
Vastus Medialus**
tear dropped shape of the structure. Fibers run in more than unique angles. Origination = medial to linea aspera of femur Insertion = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Action = extends leg
61
2 Hamstrings**
There are 4 quad muscles. Two lateral and two medial muscles
62
Biceps Femoris**
has two heads. One head arises off of ischial tuberosity, the butt bone. Short head arises on the posterior lateral shaft of the femur. They cross two joints. Hip extension knee flexion. Long head off of the medial promimal shaft of tibia. Cross hip joint and knee. Origination = ischial tuberosity and linea aspera Insertion = lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula Action = flexes leg and extends thigh
63
Semitendinosus (More Superficial)**
arise off of the ischial tuberosity. Then it goes down and inserts into medial aspect of tibia. Crosses two joints. ACL reconstructings. Biochemics. Angle and length wrong may give you problems. Much thinner. Quads are hip flexion and knee extension. Hamstring are opposite. Hip extension and knee flexion. Origination = ischial tuberosity Insertion = medial surface of proximal tibia Action = flexes leg and extends thigh
64
Semimembranous (More Deep)**
Wider and membraneous. Medial proximal shaft of tibia. Cross hip joint and knee. Opposite of quads. Origination = ischial tuberosity Insertion = medial condyle of tibia Action = flexes leg and extends thigh
65
Gracilis
most medial to thigh. Pubic body is inferior ramus of the pubic bone. Inserts into the same spot as the semitendonosus attaches. The medial aspect of the tibia. Origination = pubis Insertion = medial surface of tibia below condyle Action = flexes leg and adducts thigh
66
Sartorius (Longest Muscle in the human body)
Anterior Superior Illiac Spine and goes all the way down to the pesasterine, cross hip joint, pull in external rotation of femur and crosses knee of flexion, known as “tailors muscle.“ External rotation of femur. Origination = anterior superior iliac spine Insertion = medial surface of proximal tibia Action = flex thigh and leg, rotate thigh laterally (tailor’s muscle)
67
Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Gastrocnemius Soleus Flexor Digitorum Longus
68
Tibialis Anterior
inserts in 1st metatarsal. Involved in causing dorsie flexion, bringing toes upward. Dorsal top of foot, and plantar lower of the foot. Function as essentrically contracts the foot and lowers the foot down. Origination = lateral condyle and body of tibia Insertion = metatarsal I Action = dorsiflex foot
69
Extensor Digitorum Longus
inserts into digits 2-5, lifts the toes up. Helps prevent foot slap. Origination = lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula Insertion = dorsal surfaces of phalanges 2-5 Action = extends toes, dorsiflexes foot
70
Peroneus Longus
plantar flexion. Eversion showing the outside of the foot. Eversion of the foot, see the sole of the foot. Origination = lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula Insertion = ventral surface of metatarsal I Action = plantar flexes and everts foot
71
Gastrocnemius**
Superficial muscles. Two condyles of the femur. Crosses knee joint involved in weak flexion of the knee and plantar extension. Strengthn calf extension. Strong fast twitch, white muscle fibers. Insert into the Achilles tendon, tendon calcaneous. Involved in weak flexion of the knee and also plantar flexion. Origination = above lateral and medial condyles of femur Insertion = calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon Action = plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee
72
Soleus**
does not cross knee joint. Soleal line, inserts into Achilles tendon. Involved in raising up the heal. More red ribers which is slow twitch. Origination = posteromedial tibia: head of fibula Insertion = calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon Action = plantar flexes foot
73
Flexor Digitorum Longus
posterior aspect. 2-5 digits, involved mostly in plantar flexion and curling of toes. Does not cross the knee joint. Origination = posterior surface of tibia Insertion = distal phalanges 2-5 Action = flexes toes and plantar flexes foot
74
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
External Abdominal Oblique Internal Abdominal Oblique Transversus Abdominis Rectus Abdominus
75
External Abdominal Oblique**
fibers run like putting hands in pockets. Most superficial and relatively thin. Lower rib. SternoClavoMastoid. Contract at the same time, will get forward flexion. One side, we get rotation to the opposite sides. Origination = lower 8 ribs Insertion = linea alba and iliac crest Action = compresses abdomen: flexes or bends spine: depresses ribs
76
Internal Abdominal Oblique
fiber direction is perpendicular to external obliques. Linea alba and lower ribs. When these muscles contracts, both sides bilaterally cause flexion of the torso one side contracts rotation is same side. Origination = iliac crest Insertion = linea alba and lower ribs Action = compresses abdomen, flexes or bends spine: depresses ribs
77
Transversus Abdominis
inserts into linea alba and pubic bone. This muscle arises off fascia off the back and comes medially and fans out. Origination = iliac crest, lumbar fascia and costal cartilage of lower ribs Insertion = linea alba and pubis Action = compresses abdomen
78
Rectus Abdominis**
“6 Pack” fibers run straight. Inserts in the pubis symphasis. Superior and inferior direction. Origination = xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 Insertion = symphysis pubis Action = compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column, and depresses ribs
79
Muscles Used in Breathing
Diaphragm External Intercostals Internal Intercostals
80
Diaphragm
arise off xiphoid process. The lower ribs and lumbar vertebrae. Like a trampoline. Goes downward, we’ve sucked in air into the lungs. Upwards blowing air out of the lungs. Origination = Xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs 4-10 and lumbar vertebrae Insertion = central tendon of diaphragm Action = increases size of thoracic cavity for breathing
81
External Intercostals**
more superficial, rib above to one rib below. Run like putting hands into pockets. So when the external intercostals contract, Lower rib is pulled up against the upper rib. The ribs are all pulled upward, so the external intercostals are involved in inspiration just like the diaphragm. Origination = one rib Insertion = next rib Action = breathing (elevates ribs)
82
Internal Intercostals**
Fibers run just like the internal obliques. Run perpendicular to the external. They arise off the lower rib and come insert into the upper rib. Lower rib is pulled down, the upper rib gets pulled down. They allows to push the air out of the lungs, which is expiration. Origination = one rib Insertion = next rib Action = breathing (depresses ribs)
83
Muscles that Move the Vertebral Column
Erector Spinae Longissimus Intermediate Spinalis (Medial) Plastic Deformation
84
Erector Spinae
Arise lumbdoidal fascia. Iliocostalis (most lateral) insert into the ribs. Origination = iliac crest and ribs Insertion = ribs Action = extends the vertebral column
85
Longissimus Intermediate
come in and insert to the transverse process. Origination = transverse process of lumbar, thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae Insertion = transverse processes of the vertebrae above the vertebra of origin, plus the mastoid process of the temporal bone Action = extends vertebral column
86
Spinalis (Medial)
lower spine or spinous process. Insert into upper spinous processes. All erect up the spine. Origination = spinous process of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae Insertion = spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae Action = extends the vertebral column
87
Plastic Deformation
our bodies mold to the positions that our bodies are in throughout the day.

Human Anatomy & Physiology Muscles (2 decks)

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