Muscles Flashcards
Muscles of Facial Expression
Orbicularis Oris (Duck Face)
Orbicularis Oculi (Ocul-Eye)
Zygomaticus
Risorius
Buccinator (Blow)
Platysma (Pout)
Frontalis (Front Eyebrowlis)
Occipitalis
Orbicularis Oris
Orbital Shape around the mouth. Muscles of facial expression. Express ourselves non verbally. Pucker up.
Sphincter around mouth
Action = Closes and protrudes lips
Orbicularis Oculi (Ocul-EYE)
Orbital shape muscle around the eye. Allows us to squint our eyes closed.
Sphincter around eye
Action = Closes eyelid
Zygomaticus (ZMILE)
Angle of Zygomatic Bone. Major and minor muscles of our smile. Derive off of the Zygomatic Bones. Comes in from the sides of the mouth.
Origination = Zygomatic Bone
Insertion = Angle of the mouth
Action = Raise Angle of the Mouth, Smile
Risorius
Next to Zygomaticus Major and Minor. One of the superficial muscles of facial expression and one of the muscles of the mouth.
Origination = Fascia of Masseter Muscle
Insertion = Angle of the mouth
Angle = Draws angle of mouth laterally as in tenseness; Retracts angle of the mouth
Buccinator (Blow)
Insert in the orbicularis oris. Help stabilize the side of the mouth. Muscle on the side.
Origination = Alveoli of Mandible and Maxilla
Insertion = Orbicularis Oris
Action = Compress cheek: blowing
Platysma (Pout)
Muscle of facial expression. Cat has cutaneous maximus. And it’s the muscle of the neck
Origination = Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles
Insertion = Mandible, skin of chin and cheek
Action = Depress mandible; Draws lips downward as in pouting: tightens and wrinkles skin of neck (monster and or turtle face)
Frontalis (Front EYEbrowlis)
More complex muscle, collectively in the occipital frontalis.
Origination = Galea Aponeurotica
Insertion = Skin and muscles of forehead
Action = Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead, draws scalp forward
Occipitalis
Tension Headaches. Sharp stabbing pain above the eye. Origin is normally the stable base.
Origination = Occipital Bone
Insertion = Galea Aponeurotica
Action = Draws scalp backward
Muscles of Mastication
Chewing Muscles
Masseter (Mass)
Temporalis (Temple)
Digastric (Dojo)
Masseter (Mass)**
Powerful Muscle
Origination = Zygomatic Arch
Insertion = Ramus of mandible, near the angle.
Action = Elevates Mandible. Close the jaw for chewing.
Temporalis (Temple)
Close to the mandible
Origination = Temporal Line
Insertion = Coronoid Process of mandible
Action = Elevates and retracts mandible
Digastric (Dojo)
(Floor of oral cavity)
Two belleys. Anterior and Posterior. Involved in pulling the hyoid bone up. Important in swallowing.
Origination = Hyoid Bone
Insertion = Inner surface of lower border of mandible (chin): Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action = Elevates hyoid and larynx, depresses mandible
Muscles that move the head
Sternocleidomastoid
Splenius Capitus
Sternocleidomastoid**
Muscles on peoples Necks on the Side. If we contract one side, it will turn the opposite direction. Rotation to the opposite side.
Origination = Sternum and Clavicle
Insertion = Mastoid Process of the temporal bone
Action = If both sides contract it flexes the neck. If one side of the neck contracts it rotates the head toward the opposite side
Splenius Capitus
Strongest muscles. Extension. Example is the neck. Keeps head in the proper position.
Origination = Ligamentum nuchae (neck ligament) and spines C7-T4 vertebrae
Insertion = Occipital Bone and Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone
Action = Both sides extend head; one side rotates head to the same side as the contracting muscle
Muscles that Move The Shoulder
Serratus Anteriror
Pectoralis Minor
Rhomboideus (Major and Minor)
Trapezius
Serratus Anterior
Each rib has it’s muscular slip. Pull the shoulder blade or the scapula down and forward. Stabilizing the shoulder blade for all the movements that we do
Origination = First 9 ribs
Insertion = Vertebral border of scapula, Ventral Side
Action = Abducts scapula
Pectoralis Minor
Deep to pectoralis major
Origination = Ribs 3-5 goes up and it inserts into the coracoid process
Insertion = Coracoid Process of scapula
Action = Depresses scapula: Protracts scapula
Rhomboideus (Major and Minor)
Minor is up above. Adductors bring the extremities towards the midline.
Origination = Spines of C7-T5 vertebrae
Insertion = Vertebral border of scapula
Action = Adducts scapula
Trapezius**
Triangular Shape. Large broad sweeping origination.
Origination = Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines C7-T12
Insertion = Lateral Clavicle, Lateral Scapula, Acromion
Action = Elevates (upper portion) or depresses (lower portion) scapula. Adducts scapula, extends head
Muscles that Move the Arm
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Deltoid
Rotator Cuff
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Pectoralis Major**
The most well known of all the muscles. Horse Shoe Shape. Horizontal Adduction. Allows us to bring the arms towards the midline.
Origination = Clavicle, Sternum, Costal Cartilages of ribs 2-6
Insertion = Lateral lip of the bicipital groove
Action = Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.
Latissimus Dorsi**
Origination = Spinous Process of T7 through all lumbar through the sacrum, posterior illiac crest, lumbodorsal fascia.
Insertion = Medial lip of the bicipital groove
Action = Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm
Deltoid**
Origination = Lateral clavicle, acromion lateral and spine of scapula
Insertion = Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action = Abducts arm, forward flexion, extension of shoulder
Rotator Cuff
Rotate the shoulder, arises off of supraspinous fossa
Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS)
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Help in shoulder stabilization. Pull the humeral head into the glenoid fossa.
Supraspinatus**
30 degress. Most common injury. Involved in initiating first 30 degrees abduction. 90% of all rotator cuff injuries.
Origination = Supraspinous Fossa
Insertion = Greater Tubucle of humerus
Action = Abducts arm
Infraspinatus**
Origination = Infraspinous fossa
Insertion = Greater tubucle of humerus
Action = Rotates arm laterally
Subscapularis**
Is the only rotator cuff muscle that internally rotates. The other three are considered external rotators
Origination = Subscapular fossa
Insertion = Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action = Rotates arm medially
Teres Major (Lats Little Helper)**
Because it assists in doing what it does. Adduction of bringing elbows towards the body.
Origination = Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion = Intertubercular groove of humerus (medial lip of bicipital groove)
Action = Medially rotates and adducts the arm
Teres Minor**
Origination = Lateral (axillary) border of scapula
Insertion = Greater tubercle of humerus
Action = Rotates arm laterally
Muscles that Move the Forearm
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Triceps Brachii
Supinator
Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus
Biceps Brachii**
Origination = Above the glenoid fossa (long head); Coracoid Process of scapula (short head)
Insertion = Radial tuberosity
Action = Flexes forearm (elbow) and supinates forearm
Brachialis
One joint muscle
Origination = Anterior surface of humerus
Insertion = Coronoid Process of Ulna
Action = Flexes forearm
Triceps Brachii**
Origination = below glenoid fossa (long head), lateral and posterior shaft of humerus proximally (lateral head), posterior surface of humerus distally (medial head)
Insertion = Olecranon Process of Ulna
Action = Extends forearm (elbow), some shoulder extension as well
Supinator
Origination = Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion = Lateral Surface of proximal radius
Action = Supinates forearm
Pronator Teres
Index Finger
Origination = Medial epicondyle of humerus; Coronoid Process of Ulna
Insertion = Middle of the lateral surface of radius
Action = Pronates forearm
Pronator Quadratus
Origination = Distal Ulna (Anterior)
Insertion = Distal Radius (Anterior)
Action = Pronates forearm
Muscles that Move the Wrist and Fingers
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Extensor Carpi Radialis (Longus)
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum
Flexor Carpi Radialis**
Middle Finger
Origination = Medial Epicondyle of humerus
Insertion = Ventral Surface of metacarpals II and II
Action = Flexes and adducts palm
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origination = Medial epicondyle of humerus: Upper dorsal border of ulna
Insertion = Base metacarpal III-V
Action = Flexes and adducts palm
Palmaris Longus
Origination = Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion = Palmar aponeurosis
Action = Flexes palm
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origination = Medial Epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, anterior surface of radius
Insertion = Ventral Surface of middle phalanges 2-5
Action = Flexes Phalanges
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origination = Anterior medial surface of ulna
Insertion = Ventral Surface of distal phalanges 2-5
Action = Flexes phalanges
Extensor Carpi Radialis (Longus)
Origination = lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion = dorsal surface of metacarpal II
Action = extends and abducts palm
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Originates = lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion = metacarpal V
Action = extends and adducts palm
Extensor Digitorum**
Origination = lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion = dorsal surface of phalanges
Action = extends phalanges and palm
Muscles that Move the Thigh
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fascia Latae
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis
Gluteus Maximus**
Cross sectional surface area and mass makes it a powerful muscle. We stand erect so it’s a powerful muscle compared to cats. Travels laterally and inserts gluteal tuberosity in the back of the femur. Main function is to extend the leg backwards. Help us to be able to help us stand erect.
Origination = Posterior Superior Iliac Spine, Sacrum, Coccyx
Insertion = Gluteal Tuberosity of Femur
Action = extends thigh (hip joint) and laterally rotates thigh
Gluteus Medius
Arises off of the External Illiac Fossa. Comes down and inserts into the greater trochanter. Action based on abduction of hip joint. Based on two locations that the muscle is attached to. Involved in abduction of the hip joint.
Origination = ilium
Insertion = greater trochanter of femur
Action = abducts and medially rotates thigh
Gluteus Minimus
Inferior to gluteus medius. One of the hip abductors. Hip stabilization with Gluteus Medius. Dominance from a different perspective. Which hip would you lean on the most? Most would lean on left leg. Stabilizers are not as strong on opposite leg than the one you lean on.
Origination = Ilium
Insertion = Greater trochanter of femur
Action = Abducta and medially rotates thigh
Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus
Two Most hip stabilizers
Tensor Fascia Latae
like gluteus maximus but sits in front. Arises from the Anterior Superior Illiac Spine of the anterior aspect. Inserts into the fascia latae. Sit in same fascial plane. Gluteus Maximus and TFL laying in the same fascial plane.
Origination = iliac crest (anterior part)
Insertion = lateral fascia of tibia
Action = tenses lateral fascia, flexes thigh (hip) and abducts thigh
Adductor Longus**
Off of the pubic bone and inserts Linea Aspera, back of the femur. Do a very good job of adducting. Bring legs towards midline.
Origination = pubis
Insertion = linea aspera of femur
Action = adducts thigh
Adductor Magnus
largest of these. Thin muscles. Covers large surface area but thin.
Origination = pubis and ischium
Insertion = linea aspera of femur all the way down. Adductor tubercle. Most distal attachment for the adductor magnus.
Action = adducts thigh
Adductor Brevis
brevis means short. Up higher. Involved in adduction of the leg
Origination = pubis
Insertion = linea aspera of femur
Action = adducts thigh
Quadriceps Femoris**
Made up of 4 muscles
Rectus Femoris - Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine and inserts into the patella. Two joint muscle crosses the hip and the knee. Flexion of the hip and the extension of the knee.
Origination = anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action = extends leg (knee), flexes thigh (hip)
Vastus Lateralis**
lateral of the group. Arises off of the lateral shaft of the femur comes down inserts into the quadriceps tendon. It is not a two joint does not cross the hip joint. Always involved in knee extension. No flexion.
Origination = greater trochanter and lateral to linea aspera of femur
Insertion = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action = extends leg, knee extension
Vastus Medialus**
tear dropped shape of the structure. Fibers run in more than unique angles.
Origination = medial to linea aspera of femur
Insertion = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action = extends leg
2 Hamstrings**
There are 4 quad muscles. Two lateral and two medial muscles
Biceps Femoris**
has two heads. One head arises off of ischial tuberosity, the butt bone. Short head arises on the posterior lateral shaft of the femur. They cross two joints. Hip extension knee flexion. Long head off of the medial promimal shaft of tibia. Cross hip joint and knee.
Origination = ischial tuberosity and linea aspera
Insertion = lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula
Action = flexes leg and extends thigh
Semitendinosus (More Superficial)**
arise off of the ischial tuberosity. Then it goes down and inserts into medial aspect of tibia. Crosses two joints. ACL reconstructings. Biochemics. Angle and length wrong may give you problems. Much thinner.
Quads are hip flexion and knee extension. Hamstring are opposite. Hip extension and knee flexion.
Origination = ischial tuberosity
Insertion = medial surface of proximal tibia
Action = flexes leg and extends thigh
Semimembranous (More Deep)**
Wider and membraneous. Medial proximal shaft of tibia. Cross hip joint and knee. Opposite of quads.
Origination = ischial tuberosity
Insertion = medial condyle of tibia
Action = flexes leg and extends thigh
Gracilis
most medial to thigh. Pubic body is inferior ramus of the pubic bone. Inserts into the same spot as the semitendonosus attaches. The medial aspect of the tibia.
Origination = pubis
Insertion = medial surface of tibia below condyle
Action = flexes leg and adducts thigh
Sartorius (Longest Muscle in the human body)
Anterior Superior Illiac Spine and goes all the way down to the pesasterine, cross hip joint, pull in external rotation of femur and crosses knee of flexion, known as “tailors muscle.“ External rotation of femur.
Origination = anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion = medial surface of proximal tibia
Action = flex thigh and leg, rotate thigh laterally (tailor’s muscle)
Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Peroneus Longus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Anterior
inserts in 1st metatarsal. Involved in causing dorsie flexion, bringing toes upward. Dorsal top of foot, and plantar lower of the foot. Function as essentrically contracts the foot and lowers the foot down.
Origination = lateral condyle and body of tibia
Insertion = metatarsal I
Action = dorsiflex foot
Extensor Digitorum Longus
inserts into digits 2-5, lifts the toes up. Helps prevent foot slap.
Origination = lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula
Insertion = dorsal surfaces of phalanges 2-5
Action = extends toes, dorsiflexes foot
Peroneus Longus
plantar flexion. Eversion showing the outside of the foot. Eversion of the foot, see the sole of the foot.
Origination = lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula
Insertion = ventral surface of metatarsal I
Action = plantar flexes and everts foot
Gastrocnemius**
Superficial muscles. Two condyles of the femur. Crosses knee joint involved in weak flexion of the knee and plantar extension. Strengthn calf extension. Strong fast twitch, white muscle fibers. Insert into the Achilles tendon, tendon calcaneous. Involved in weak flexion of the knee and also plantar flexion.
Origination = above lateral and medial condyles of femur
Insertion = calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon
Action = plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee
Soleus**
does not cross knee joint. Soleal line, inserts into Achilles tendon. Involved in raising up the heal. More red ribers which is slow twitch.
Origination = posteromedial tibia: head of fibula
Insertion = calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon
Action = plantar flexes foot
Flexor Digitorum Longus
posterior aspect. 2-5 digits, involved mostly in plantar flexion and curling of toes. Does not cross the knee joint.
Origination = posterior surface of tibia
Insertion = distal phalanges 2-5
Action = flexes toes and plantar flexes foot
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
External Abdominal Oblique
Internal Abdominal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis
Rectus Abdominus
External Abdominal Oblique**
fibers run like putting hands in pockets. Most superficial and relatively thin. Lower rib. SternoClavoMastoid. Contract at the same time, will get forward flexion. One side, we get rotation to the opposite sides.
Origination = lower 8 ribs
Insertion = linea alba and iliac crest
Action = compresses abdomen: flexes or bends spine: depresses ribs
Internal Abdominal Oblique
fiber direction is perpendicular to external obliques. Linea alba and lower ribs. When these muscles contracts, both sides bilaterally cause flexion of the torso one side contracts rotation is same side.
Origination = iliac crest
Insertion = linea alba and lower ribs
Action = compresses abdomen, flexes or bends spine: depresses ribs
Transversus Abdominis
inserts into linea alba and pubic bone. This muscle arises off fascia off the back and comes medially and fans out.
Origination = iliac crest, lumbar fascia and costal cartilage of lower ribs
Insertion = linea alba and pubis
Action = compresses abdomen
Rectus Abdominis**
“6 Pack” fibers run straight. Inserts in the pubis symphasis. Superior and inferior direction.
Origination = xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Insertion = symphysis pubis
Action = compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column, and depresses ribs
Muscles Used in Breathing
Diaphragm
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Diaphragm
arise off xiphoid process. The lower ribs and lumbar vertebrae. Like a trampoline. Goes downward, we’ve sucked in air into the lungs. Upwards blowing air out of the lungs.
Origination = Xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs 4-10 and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion = central tendon of diaphragm
Action = increases size of thoracic cavity for breathing
External Intercostals**
more superficial, rib above to one rib below. Run like putting hands into pockets. So when the external intercostals contract, Lower rib is pulled up against the upper rib. The ribs are all pulled upward, so the external intercostals are involved in inspiration just like the diaphragm.
Origination = one rib
Insertion = next rib
Action = breathing (elevates ribs)
Internal Intercostals**
Fibers run just like the internal obliques. Run perpendicular to the external. They arise off the lower rib and come insert into the upper rib. Lower rib is pulled down, the upper rib gets pulled down. They allows to push the air out of the lungs, which is expiration.
Origination = one rib
Insertion = next rib
Action = breathing (depresses ribs)
Muscles that Move the Vertebral Column
Erector Spinae
Longissimus Intermediate
Spinalis (Medial)
Plastic Deformation
Erector Spinae
Arise lumbdoidal fascia.
Iliocostalis (most lateral) insert into the ribs.
Origination = iliac crest and ribs
Insertion = ribs
Action = extends the vertebral column
Longissimus Intermediate
come in and insert to the transverse process.
Origination = transverse process of lumbar, thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion = transverse processes of the vertebrae above the vertebra of origin, plus the
mastoid process of the temporal bone
Action = extends vertebral column
Spinalis (Medial)
lower spine or spinous process. Insert into upper spinous processes. All erect up the spine.
Origination = spinous process of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
Insertion = spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae
Action = extends the vertebral column
Plastic Deformation
our bodies mold to the positions that our bodies are in throughout the day.
