Muscles Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid origin
Sternal head -> top of the manubrium
Clavicular head -> medial third of the clavicle
Sternocleidomastoid insertion
Mastoid process of the temporal bone and the lateral portion of the superior nuchal line of the occiput.
Sternocleidomastoid actions
Bilaterally flexes the neck and assists to elevate the rib cage during inhalation. Unilaterally rotates the head and neck to the opposite side and laterally flexes the head and neck.
Rotation of the head and neck occurs at which joints?
The spinal joints.
Lateral flexion of the head and neck occurs at which joints?
Spinal joints.
Sternocleidomastoid innervation
Spinal accessory nerve (C2&3)
Sternocleidomastoid trigger point referral patterns
The sternal head is above the eye and the clavicular head is aboves the eyes and on the ear.
Anterior scalene origin
Tranvserse processes of C3-C6
Anterior scalene insertion
First rib
Anterior scalene actions
Bilaterally elevate the ribs during inhalation and flex the head and neck. Unilaterally rotate the head and neck to the opposite side and laterally flex the head and neck.
Anterior scalene innervation
Cervical spinal nerves
Scalene trigger point referral patterns
Shoulder, pectorals, medial scapula
Middle scalene origin
Transverse processes of C2-C7
Middle scalene insertion
First rib
Middle scalene actions
Bilaterally elevate the ribs during inhalation. Unilaterally rotate the head and neck to the opposite side and laterally flex the head and neck.
Middle scalene innervation
Cervical spinal nerves.
Posterior scalene origin
Transverse processes of C6-C7
Posterior scalene insertion
Second rib
Posterior scalene actions
Bilaterally elevates the ribs during inhalation. Unilaterally rotates the head and neck to the opposite side and laterally flexes the head and neck.
Posterior scalene innervation
Cervical spinal nerves
Path of the brachial plexus
Between the anterior and middle scalenes.
Levator scapula origin
Transverse processes of C1-C4
Levator scapula insertion
Medial border of the scapula between the superior angle and the superior portion of the spine of the scapula.
Levator scapula actions
Bilaterally extends the head and neck. Unilaterally elevates and downwardly rotates the scapula, rotates the head and neck to the same side and laterally flexes the head and neck.
Actions of the scapula occur at which joint?
Scapulothoracic joints
Levator scapula innervation
Cervical spinal nerves and dorsal scapular nerve.
Levator scapula trigger point referral patterns
All over the neck and shoulders.
Which muscle is problematic for office workers?
Levator scapula
Direction for rotation of the scapula refers to which landmark?
The acromion.
Downward rotation of the scapula looks like what?
Outward rotation of the scapula.
Splenius capitis origin
Inferior half of the ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of C7 to T4.
Splenius capitis insertion
Mastoid process and lateral portion of the superior nuchal line
Splenius capitis actions
Bilaterally extend the head and neck. Unilaterally rotate the head and neck to the same side, laterally flex the head and neck.
Splenius capitis innervation
Cervical nerves
Splenius capitis trigger point referral patterns
The top of the head
Trapezius origin
External occipital protuberance, the medial portion of the superior nuchal line of the occiput, the ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of C7-T12.
Trapezius insertion
Lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion process and the spine of the scapula.
Trapezius actions, upper fibers
Bilaterally extend the head and neck, laterally flex the heack and neck, elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula.
Trapezius actions, middle fibers
Adduct/retract the scapula and stabilize the scapula at the scapulothoracic joint.
Trapezius actions, lower fibers
Depress and upwardly rotate the scapula at the scapulthoracic joint.
Trapezius innervation
Spinal portion of cranial nerve 11 (accessory nerve) and the ventral rami of C2-C4.
Trapezius trigger point referral patterns
The temples and acromion.
Rhomboid major origin
Spinous processes of T2-T5
Rhomboid major insertion
Medial border of the scapula, between the spine of the scapula and the inferior angle.
Rhomboid innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4&5)
Which muscles retract the scapula?
The rhomboids and middle trapezius.
Rhomboid actions
Adduct (retract), elevate and downwardly rotates the scapula at the scapulothoracic joints.
Sternocleidomastoid plapation key
Client supine, contralaterally rotate and lift the head and neck off of the table.
Scalene palpation key
Drop laterally off of the SCM, then have client take short, quick breaths through the nose.
Levator scapula palpation key - seated
Hand in small of back, resist elevation of the scapula.
Levator scapula palpation key - prone
Locate superior angle of scapula, strum across fibers just above superior angle.
Splenius capitis palpation key
Client seated with head rotated ipsilaterally. Resist extension of the head and neck.
Trapezius palpation key
Client prone, instruct them to “fly like an airplane.”
Rhomboid palpation key
Client’s hand in the small of their back, have them lift their hand away from their back.
Rhomboid minor origin
Spinous processes of C7-T1
Rhomboid minor insertion
Upper portion of the the medial border of the scapula, across from the spine of the scapula.
