muscles Flashcards
What are muscles?
Muscles are groups of specialised tissue that can respond to nervous stimulation by contracting, meaning the muscle shortens and thickens.
What type of material is muscle tissue?
Muscle tissue is elastic so it can be stretched if a weight is applied to it, but will return back to its regular position once the weight has been removed.
What is the ability to move form place to place called?
Locomotion
What is locomotion due to in most animals?
The muscles, however muscles alone aren’t sufficient for movement so they are connected to the skeleton by a tendon on the end of each muscle.
What is the structure of tendons like?
Tendons are very tough and don’t stretch when pulled.
What type of movement can muscles complete?
Muscles can only contract and relax, they can’t lengthen, as this could cause many issues in the body they are arranged in pairs to avoid any issues that could have arisen from this.
What are paired muscles called?
Antagonistic pairing and it means the muscles can work together. Such as one muscle could stretch a limb whilst the other bends a limb.
What is a muscle that bends and a muscle that straightens called?
Muscles that bend are called a flexor and muscles that straighten are called extensors.
What are the three main functions muscles form through contraction?
The antigravity function, motion movements and heat production.
What is the antigravity function?
Antigravity function is the way muscles are consistently in a state of partial contraction to allow the body to stay upright when walking etc.
What is motion movement?
Motion movement is the movements such as walking, running and writing which involve an integrated function of both the skeleton and muscles
What is heat production?
This is that when the muscles move heat is produced which is necessary for maintaining the bodies overall temperature.
What are the three main types of muscle?
Cardiac, skeletal and viceral.
What is skeletal muscle?
This is the tissues attached to the bone and they possess a striped or striated appearance.
These muscles are under voluntary control.
What does striated mean?
Striated means muscle marked with light and dark transverse bands .
What is visceral muscle?
Viceral muscle is the tissue associated with the internal organs such as the intestines and the blood vessels, it is smooth and un-striated in appearance and not under conscious control.
What is cardiac muscle?
Cardiac muscle is the muscle that forms the wall of the heart . Its is striated and is an involuntary movement. The muscle fibres contract rhythmically and never tire. The movement docent have to be started with the nervous system however instead is generated within the muscle.
What is all of the skeleton covered in?
All of the skeleton is covered in muscles which in turn are covered with skin.
What are the elongated cells in skeletal muscles called?
Muscle fibres which are arranged in bundles called fasciculi.
What are the fibres within each fasciculus separated by?
Connective tissue called endoysium.
What is each fasciculus surrounded by?
A stronger sheath of connective tissue called perimysium.
What are certain tendons, such as the wrist and ankle, surrounded by?
Tubes of fibrous tissue called tendon sheaths and then lined with a lubricating synovial membrane with allows the tendon to slide easily within its sheath.
What is inflammation of the tendon sheath called?
Tendinitis and is a common result of strain/over exercise.
What are there hundreds of within a muscle?
Muscle fibres which are enclosed in a protective tissue envelope, with most of the fibres extending to cover the entire muscle.
What is each muscle fibre composed of?
Many myofibrils which contain filaments of the protein actin and myosin. As the actin and myosis slide over each other the myofibril shortens- this is the bases of muscle contraction
