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Human Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Striated and primarily voluntary

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

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2
Q

Striated and involuntary

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

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3
Q

NONstriated and involuntary

A

Smooth Muscle Tissue

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4
Q

The ability to shorten, thus developing tension (force of contraction)

A

Contractibility

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5
Q

The ability of the muscle to be stretched without being damaged

A

Extensibility

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6
Q

________ surrounds ________ (bundles of muscle fibers). The perimysium separates neighboring fascicles.

A

Perimysium and fascicles

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7
Q

The ____ of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle _____ to the _______ bone (it is usually the _____ attachment).

A

Origin; tendon, stationary; proximal

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8
Q

The _____ of a muscle is the attachment of the _____ muscle tendon to the _____ bone or even the skin (it is usually the _____ attachment).

A

Insertion; other; movable; distal

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9
Q

What is a myofibril?

A

Contractile unit of skeletal muscle

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10
Q

The tropomyosin protein has direct contact with the actin molecules while the muscle is in _____ state.

A

Resting

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11
Q

The myosin protein has direct contact with the actin molecule in the muscle’s ____ state.

A

Contracting

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12
Q

The sarcoplasm contains what?

A

Sarcoplasm Reticulum (SR)

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13
Q

The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum has _____ that store calcium ions.

A

Dilated end sacs called TERMINAL CISTERNS

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14
Q

The release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the _____ triggers muscle contraction.

A

Cytosol

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15
Q

Where are calcium ions stored in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Terminal Cisterns

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16
Q

What are the two types of contraction?

A

Isotonic and isometric

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17
Q

-iso means?

A

Same

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18
Q

Tonic means?

A

Tension

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19
Q

Metric means?

A

Measure

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20
Q

What happens in isotonic contraction?

A

Tension remains almost CONSTANT while the muscle changes its LENGTH

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21
Q

What happens in isometric contraction?

A

Muscle develops tension but does not SHORTEN because the tension is not great enough to exceed the resistance.

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22
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

Nerve cells that send impulses down their AXONS (to the motor end plate) to stimulate muscle fibers to contract

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23
Q

The motor end plate contains the ______ receptors for the ACh molecules.

A

Neurotransmitter

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24
Q

What does a motor unit consist of?

A

Motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibers that it stimulates

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25
Q

Based on structural and functional characteristics, skeletal muscle fibers are classified into what three types?

A
  1. Slow oxidative fibers
  2. Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers
  3. Fast glycolytic fibers
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26
Q

Slow oxidative fibers are type ___ fibers

A

Type I

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27
Q

Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers are type ___ fibers

A

IIa

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28
Q

Fast glycolytic fibers are type ___ fibers.

A

IIb

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29
Q

Which muscle fibers fatigue the slowest?

A

Slow oxidative

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30
Q

Which muscle fibers are the intermediate fatigue fibers?

A

Fast oxidative glycolytic

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31
Q

Which muscle fibers fatigue the easiest?

A

Fast glycolytic

32
Q

The fibers of the ____ and _____ arrangement are LONGER than those of the _____ muscle.

A

Parallel; fusiform; pinnate

33
Q

Hyper- means what?

A

High

34
Q

Trophy means what?

A

Nourishment

35
Q

What term describes the enlargement in size of muscle fibers?

A

Hypertrophy

36
Q

Growth of a skeletal muscle is achieved primarily by?

A

Hypertrophy

37
Q

What term describes a decrease in size of muscle fibers?

A

Atrophy

38
Q

Atrophy may occur due to?

A

Disuse of muscle

39
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue does have limited powers of regeneration due to the presence of ______ which can fuse with or replace existing skeletal muscle fibers to a limited extent.

A

Satellite cells

40
Q

Range of motion at a joint depends on what two things?

A
  1. Point of attachment of the muscle
  2. Length of its fibers
41
Q

Levers are classified into what three types?

A
  1. First class levers
  2. Second class levers
  3. Third class levers
42
Q

which type of lever is the most common lever in the body?

A

Third class

43
Q

The strength of a movement produced by a muscle depends on what?

A

How close to the joint the muscle is

44
Q

Describe the relationship of muscle location to a joint as it pertains to the strength of a movement.

A

A muscle attached FARTHER away will produce MORE POWERFUL movement than one attached closer to the joint.

45
Q

The ____ _____ muscles are named by shape and size.

A

Rhomboid major

46
Q

Compared to skeletal muscle fibers, the sarcoplasm of cardiac tissue is what four things?

A
  1. More abundant
  2. Larger and more numerous mitochondria
  3. Less elaborate Sarcoplasmic reticulum
  4. Penetrated by FEWER but WIDER transverse tubules
47
Q

What are the two types of smooth muscle tissue?

A
  1. Visceral
  2. Multi-unit
48
Q

What are the common sites for intramuscular injections? (IM)

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Vastus lateralis
  3. Gluteus medius
49
Q

Which muscle takes part in chewing movements?

A

Masseter

50
Q

Which muscle moves eyes laterally?

A

Lateral rectus

51
Q

Which muscle is the “boxer muscle”

A

Serratus anterior

52
Q

Which muscle is the “swimmers muscle”

A

Latissimus Dorsi

53
Q

Which muscle is the “trumpeters muscle”

A

Buccinator

54
Q

Which muscle is the work horse f the “elbow flexors” (CHECK NOTES FOR HANDWRITING?)

A

Brachialis

55
Q

Most important respiratory muscle?

A

Diaphragm

56
Q

Which muscle is the “tailors muscle”

A

Sartorius

57
Q

Which muscle is the prominence of the calf muscle

A

Gastrocnemius

58
Q

_____ is ocular region—eyeball, eyebrows, eyelids

A

Orbitae

59
Q

____ region pertains to the mouth

A

Oral

60
Q

____ region pertains to the cheek

A

Buccal

61
Q

Surface features of the ears include?

A
  1. Tragus
  2. Concha
  3. Helix
  4. Lobule
62
Q

The adam’s apple is made up of ____ cartilage.

A

Thyroid

63
Q

The _____ is seen in the posterior triangle

A

External jugular vein

64
Q

____ includes the VERTEBRAL BORDER, AXILLARY BORDER, AND SPINE and is located on the back at the level of ribs 2 through 7.

A

Scapulae

65
Q

Triangles of auscultation is bordered by?

A

Rhomboid major, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi

66
Q

MAKE DIAGRAM FOR CHEST

A

A;kdfj;and;

67
Q

Where is McBurney’s point?

A
  1. Inferior and lateral to umbilicus
  2. Superior and medial to right anterior superior iliac spine
  3. Closer to the right anterior superior iliac spine than it is to the umbilicus
68
Q

_____ muscle is a frequent site for intramuscular (IM) injection.

A

Deltoid

69
Q

_____ is medial to the thenar eminence

A

Hypothnear

70
Q

_____ is the depression between the two buttocks.

A

Gluteal (natal) cleft

71
Q

Where is the femoral triangle?

A

Space formed by inguinal ligament superiority, sartorius laterally, and adductor longus medically.

72
Q

Where is the popliteal fossa?

A

Bordered by biceps femora’s, semimenbranosus, gastrocnemius, and semitendinosus.

73
Q

Chest includes?

A
  1. Clavicles
  2. Sternum
  3. SUPRASTERNAL (JUGULAR) NOTCH
  4. MANUBRIUM
  5. STERNAL ANGLE
74
Q

Suprasternal (jugular) notch is palpation of the?

A

Trachea

75
Q

Describe the location of the manubrium.

A

The arch of the aorta is posterior to the manubrium

76
Q

The sternal angle can be used for what and is a landmark for what?

A

Can be used to located the costal cartilage of the SECOND ribs
Is an external landmark for the right and left primary bronchi fd

Human Anatomy (3 decks)

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