Muscles

Question 1

What are the 2 main components of muscle

Answer 1

Myofibers - responsible for the contractile function of muscle
Connective tissue - provides framework that binds the individual muscle cells togther during muscular contraction

Question 2

What is a damaged muscle

Answer 2

A reduction in the force generation capacity of the muscle - weaker muscle

Question 3

What are the 2 MOI for muscles

Answer 3

Contusion
Strain

Question 4

What’s the different between an impact injury and a strain injury

Answer 4

Impact = mass is projected and strikes the muscle tissue
Strain = MTU is exposed to stress at particular rate causing deformation

Question 5

What model is used in muscle strain injuries

Answer 5

Stress/strain curve
When stress exceeds the capacity of weakest structural element and causes permanent deformation and failure in the fibres

Question 6

What are the signs and symptoms of muscle injuries

Answer 6

Signs = swelling, redness, bruising, altered gait, lack ROM, weakness
Symptoms = pain, lack ROM, weakness, heat, loss function

Question 7

What is the BAMIC (British athletic muscle injury classification) grading system

Answer 7

Grade the muscle injury
0 - DOMS - 5/5 OGD
1 - small tear - pain with contraction
2 - moderate tear - patient stops activity
3 - extensive tear - sudden onset of pain, limited ROM, ++ weakness
4 - complete tear - palpable gap in muscle, less pain in contraction?

Question 8

What terms are used in muscle healing and what timeframe do they occur

Answer 8

Regeneration = of contractile elements - takes place within hours
Repair = of connective tissue (non-contractile elements) - takes places days later (approx 5) - type 3 collagen can be seen extensively

Question 9

What rehab should be used on injured muscles

Answer 9

Mechanotherapy - to reduce atrophy and stop protein synthesis decreasing

Question 10

What are the rehabilitation principles for muscle dysfunctions
(4 stages)

Answer 10

Progressive loading to improve capacity
1. Isometric exercise
2. Isotonic exercise
3. Energy storage exercise
4. Energy storage and release
(Cook and docking)

SNAP principles

Question 11

What are the SNAP principles

Answer 11

Specific exercise
No pain
Attainable goals
Progressive overload

Question 12

What do we need to know to help muscle injuries recover

Answer 12

Identify muscle location
Understand normal behaviours
Understand pathophysiology process of repair for muscle
PEACE and LOVE

Question 13

What is therapeutic strengthening

Answer 13

1. Restore structural strength
2. Restore muscle strength, ROM, flexibility
3. Restore muscle power (functional adaptations)
4. Motor relearning related to skill and specificity

Question 14

What techniques are used to treat muscle injuries
Early stage?
Proliferation stage?

Answer 14

Mechanotherapy
Controlled active and passive ROM
Electro therapy
Proprioceptive exercises
Specific and graduated loading

With muscle activation with isometrics

Question 15

How do you programme isomeric training on muscle injuries

Answer 15

Hold for 5/6 seconds and repeat 10 reps
Repeat frequently throughout the day
Progress from sub max to max within pain limitations and slowly

Question 16

What loading is used for strength related exercises
And endurance I

Answer 16

3-6 sets with 2-6 reps ( less than or equal to 80% 1RM)

3-4 sets, 10-15 reps (60-75% 1RM)
Advantageous to train to failure