ANKLE

Question 1

What are types of lower leg injuries

Answer 1

Achilles tendinopathy
MTSS
Calf muscle strain
Plantaris tendon
DVT
Achilles tendon rupture
Severs disease

Question 2

What are types of acute ankle injuries

Answer 2

Lateral lig sprain - ATFL/CFL/PFL
Medial lig sprain - AITFL
Syndesmosis

Question 3

What to observe at an ankle

Answer 3

Anterior posterior and lateral views
- Any deformity, swelling, bruising

Standing and walking
Foot posture - subtakar alignment,
Muscle bulk

Question 4

ROM tests for ankle

Answer 4

Active dorsliexion and plantarflexion
Passive talocrural joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion ) / subtalar (inversion/eversion) / toe flexion and ext / forefoot supination and probation

Question 5

Functional tests for ankle

Answer 5

Passive dorsiflexion test - KTW
Balance and proprioception - timed single leg stance
Calf endurance test
Jumping / landing

Question 6

What is the test for a syndesmosis tear

Answer 6

Kleigers test - ext rotation
Squeeze test

Question 7

What is the common MOI for chronic ankle sprains
What symptoms can be identified

Answer 7

Recurrent sprains of Excessive inversion, slight plantarflexion and internal rotation
Ankle feels weak
Swelling or thickened ATFL
Mechanical and functional instability

Question 8

What rehab protocol is used for Achilles tendinopathy
What does it involve

Answer 8

Dutch protocol
A flow chart designed for progressive calf muscle strengthening exercises
Start with isotonic exercises (4x15 reps) - if pain is less than 5 add weights (progress) / if pain is more than 5 regress to isometric exercises (5x45 seconds)

Progress from weights to plyometric exercises if pain is less than 5
then progress to gradual return to sport if pain is less than 5