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Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)

A

Action: Raise the eyebrows, wrinkles the forehead and protract the scalp

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2
Q

Occipitofrontalis (occipital belly)

A

Action: retracts the scalp slightly

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3
Q

Galea aponeurotica

A

Location: tendinous sheath in superior skull

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4
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Action: puckers the lips, used to kiss and suck on a straw

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5
Q

Buccinator

A

Action: Compresses cheeks, holds food between cheeks, aids in sucking and blowing. “trumpeter”

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6
Q

Temporalis

A

Mastication muscle
Action: elevates and retracts the mandible
Origin: Superior and inferior portion of temporal bone
Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

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7
Q

Masseter

A

Mastication muscle
Action: Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates and protracts mandible. “chewer”
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surfaces of angle of mandible and coronoid process

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8
Q

Medial and Lateral Pterygoid

A

Action: Elevates and protracts mandible, moves mandible laterally. “grinder”

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9
Q

Platysma

A

Action: Pulls lower lip inferiorly, tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible. “grimace”

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10
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Action: Both contracted - flexion pulls head forward and down. One contracted - rotation of the atlantoaxial joint; lateral flexion turns head to the opposite side
Origin: Manubrium and sternal ends of clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone

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11
Q

Splenius Capitis/Semispinalis Capitis

A

Action: Both contracted - extends and hyperextends head/neck. Unilateral contractions turn head and neck to the same side.
Synergistic to Trapezius

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12
Q

Muscles of facial expression

A
  1. Occipitofrontalis (frontal and occipital belly)
  2. Orbicularis oris
  3. Buccinator
  4. Platysma
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13
Q

Erector Spinae / Transversospinalis

A

Action: Both contracted - extends vertebral column.
One side contracted - flexes vertebral column laterally toward that same side.

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14
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Tendinous sheath over the abdominal muscles

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15
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Action: Flexes vertebral column, and compresses the abdominal wall
Origin: Superior surface of pubis near symphysis
Insertion: Xiphoid process, inferior surface of middle ribs

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16
Q

External/Internal Obliques

A

Both contracted - compresses abdomen, and flexes the vertebral column. One side contracted - lateral trunk flexion and/or trunk rotation occurs.

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17
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

Compresses abdomen. Supports spine while lifting.
“the body’s natural back brace”

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18
Q

Linea Alba

A

Fibrous tissue running down the center if the rectus abdominis

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19
Q

Linea semilunaris

A

Fibrous tissues running along the lateral edges of the rectus abdominis

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20
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

connects the oblique muscles of the abdomen to the pelvis, deep in the groin

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21
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Action: Prime mover of arm flexion; adducts and medially rotates arm at glenohumeral joint
Origin: Body of sternum, medial clavicle, and costal cartilage of upper ribs.
Insertion: Lateral part of intertubercular groove of humerus

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22
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Action: Protracts and depresses scapula

Synergistic muscles for scapular protraction
Antagonistic rhomboid major/minor

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23
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Action: Prime mover in scapular protraction; stabilizes and superiorly rotates scapula
Synergistic muscles for scapular protraction
Antagonistic rhomboid major/minor

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24
Q

Deltoid

A

Action: Anterior fibers: flexes and medially rotates. Middle fibers: prime abductor. Posterior fibers: extend and laterally rotates
Origin: Acromial end of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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25
Q

Coracobrachialis (action only)

A

Action: Adducts and flexes at the glenohumeral joint
Synergistic to the Pectoralis major

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26
Q

Biceps Brachii (Long Head)

A

Action: Flexes cubitus, powerful supinator of antebrachium at cubitus; weakly flexes the glenohumeral joint
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

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27
Q

Biceps Brachii (short head)

A

Action: Flexes cubitus, powerful supinator of antebrachium at cubitus
Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

28
Q

Trapezius

A

Action: Adducts and elevates the scapula; extends neck
Origin: Occipital bone, Ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12
Insertion: Clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula

29
Q

Rhomboid Minor/Major

A

Action: Adducts and elevates scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula
Antagonist to pectoralis minor and serratus anterior

30
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Subscapularis
  4. Teres minor
31
Q

Subscapularis

A

Action: Medially rotates the brachium
Antagonist to infraspinatus and teres minor

32
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Action: Abducts brachium at glenohumeral joint

33
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates at glenohumeral joint
Synergistic to teres minor

34
Q

Teres minor

A

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates at glenohumeral joint
Synergistic to Infraspinatus

35
Q

Teres major

A

Brachium extension, adducts humerus inferiorly and posteriorly while rotating it medially
Synergistic to latissimus dorsi

36
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Action: Prime mover of arm extension; adducts humerus inferiorly and posteriorly while rotating medially. “swimmers”
Origin: Spinous processes of T7-T12, lower ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

37
Q

Triceps brachii (long head)

A

Action: Prime extensor of cubitus; also extends the glenohumeral joint
O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: Olecranon of ulna

38
Q

Triceps brachii (lateral head)

A

Action: prime extensor of cubitus

O: Posterior humerus above radial groove
I: Olecranon of ulna

39
Q

Triceps brachii (medial head)

A

Action: prime extensor of cubitus

O: Posterior humerus below radial groove
I: Olecranon of ulna

40
Q

Tensor fascia latae

A

Action: Abducts and medially rotates femoral region at acetabulofemoral joint.

O: Iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine
I: Iliotibial tract

41
Q

Sartorius

A

Action: Flexes acetabulofemoral joint and laterally rotates femoral region. Flexes tibiofemoral joint and medially rotates crural region.

O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Medial side of tibial tuberosity (Pes Anserine)

42
Q

Muscles of Quadricep

A
  1. Rectus Femoris
  2. Vastus Lateralis
  3. Vastus intermedius
  4. Vastus medialis
43
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Action: Extends leg at tibiofemoral joint; also flexes femoral region

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Quadriceps tendon to patella then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

44
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Action: Extends leg at tibiofemoral joint

O: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
I: Quadriceps tendon to patella then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

45
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Action: Extends leg at tibiofemoral joint

O: Anterior and lateral surface of femur
I: Quadriceps tendon to patella then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

46
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Action: Extends leg at tibiofemoral joint

O: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur
I: Quadriceps tendon to patella then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

47
Q

Gracilis (only insertion)

A

Action: Adducts and flexes femoral region at acetabulofemoral joint, flexes crural region at tibiofemoral joint
I: Pes Anserine

48
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Action: Primary dorsiflexor of foot; inverts

49
Q

Peroneus (fibularis) longus

A

Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot at talocrural region

50
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Action: Chief extensor of femoral region; extends and laterally rotates femoral region

O: Iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx
I: Iliotibial tract, linea aspera of femur, and gluteal tuberosity of femur

51
Q

Piriformis

A

Action: rotates the femur during the hip extension and abducts the femur during flexion of the hip

Deep to the gluteus maximus

52
Q

3 Hamstring Muscles

A
  1. Biceps femoris (long/short head)
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Semimembranosus
53
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Action: Extends femoral region and flexes crural at tibiofemoral joint (long head). Biceps femoris laterally rotates crural

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Head of fibula

54
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Action: Semitendinosus and semimembranosus medially rotate crural

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial side of tibial tuberosity (Pes Anserine)

55
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Action: Semitendinosus and semimembranosus medially rotate crural

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

56
Q

2 Tricep surae muscles

A

Gastrocnemius has 2 heads
Soleus

57
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Action: Plantar flexes foot and flexes tibiofemoral joint

O: Superior posterior lateral and medial condyles of femur
I: Calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

58
Q

Soleus

A

Action: Plantar flexes foot at talocrural region
Deep to the gastrocnemius

59
Q

Muscles of respiration

A

Diaphragm
External intercostals
Internal intercostals

60
Q

Diaphragm

A

Inhalation - contracts and flattens diaphragm to pull lung interior and compress abdominopelvic cavity

61
Q

External intercostals

A

Restful breathing - elevates ribs up and out
Exhalation - muscles relax allowing the elastic recoil of lung tissue

62
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Forceful exhalation - depresses ribs. Used in coughing and sneezing.

63
Q

Pes Anserine insertion muscles

A

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

64
Q

3 muscles originating on axial skeleton

A

Pectoralis major
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi

65
Q

IM Injection Muscles

A

Deltoid
Gluteus maximus
Vastus lateralis

66
Q

Deltoid and Pectoralis major are synergistic to what muscles?

A

latissimus dorsi/supraspinatus

Anatomy (3 decks)

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