Muscles Flashcards
Smooth Muscle
involuntary muscle, found in things like stomach, esophagus, colon; you can’t control these muscles by thinking about it
Cardiac Muscle
heart muscle; involuntary
Skeletal Muscle
voluntary muscle; you consciously choose to move your arm or flex it
Tendons
bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone
Fasciculus
small bundles of muscle fiber
Muscle Fiber
long, multinucleate cell that generates force when stimulated
Myofibril
portion of muscle composed of thin and thick myofilaments (actin and myosin)
Endomysium
wraps each fiber
Perimysium
surrounds several fibers and forms bundles called fasciculi
Epimysium
surrounds all the bundles to form the entire muscle
Sarcolemma
muscle cell membrane
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
extensive lattice like network of tubules and vesicles
Isometric
force of muscle = force of resistance; holding a weight, but not moving it
Concentric
Force of Muscle > Force of Resistance; bicep curl
Eccentric
Force of Muscle < Force of Resistance; extending slowly down
Isotonic
muscle generates same force throughout ROM
Dynamic Constant External Resistance
resistance provided by free weights or weight machine that remains constant
Slow-Twitch Fibers: Type 1
aerobic, large and numerous mitochondria; slow calcium release and uptake
Fast-Twitch Fibers: Type 2
anaerobic; rapid calcium release and uptake
Endurance Training
increase in delivery of oxygen to muscle, enhanced ability for aerobic metabolism
Effects of Resistance Training
Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
increase in size of muscle fibers; body builder
