muscles

Question 1

endomysium

Answer 1

muscle fiber surrounded by collagen

Question 2

fascicle

Answer 2

Bundles of muscle fiber wrapped by perimysium

Question 3

muslce

Answer 3

bundle of fascicles

Question 4

epimysium

Answer 4

covers and entire muscle

Question 5

what is the tendon continuous with on the bone?

Answer 5

periosteum

Question 6

myofibrils

Answer 6

bundles of thin actin and thick myosin filaments arranged in an orderly fashion

Question 7

sarcomere

Answer 7

repeating units of contraction that make up the myofibrils

Question 8

When building muscle is it more likely to build the current muscle cells or synthesize new cells?

Answer 8

90% of the time the current muscle cells get bigger. 10% of the time new muscle cells are synthesized.

Question 9

Whats the name of the cell that synthesizes new muscle?

Answer 9

Satellite cells

Question 10

sarcolemma

Answer 10

refers to the outer plasma membrane of the cell and it is excitatory because an action potential can run thru the sarcolemma.

Question 11

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

it is an endoplasmic reticulum that is a closed compartment surrounding every myofibril.

Question 12

what is the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

calcium pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum cause it to take up calcium ions from the sarcoplasm.

Question 13

muscle tone

Answer 13

degree of contraction of a muscle. readiness to fire a contraction

Question 14

what happens it deep rem sleep?

Answer 14

your muscle tone starts to shut down

Question 15

circular muscle

Answer 15

orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris (mouth)

Question 16

convergent muscle

Answer 16

pectoralis major

Question 17

parallel muscle

Answer 17

sartorius (lateral quad) and biceps brachii

Question 18

bipennate

Answer 18

rectus femoris (quad)

Question 19

unipennate muscle

Answer 19

extensor digitorum longus (near the tibia)

Question 20

characteristics of pennate muscles

Answer 20

tend to be composed of red fibers

Question 21

type I muscles (red twitch)

Answer 21

Oxidative (aerobic)
High endurance
High myoglobin
Postural (anti-gravity)
Low force

Question 22

type II muscles (white twitch)

Answer 22

Glycolytic (anaerobic)
Low endurance
Low myoglobin
High force

Question 23

muscle role: stabilizing

Answer 23

Type I fibers
Deep
Single joint
Postural
ie Brachialis, Soleus

Question 24

muscle role: mobilizing

Answer 24

Type II fibers
Superficial
2-joints
ie Biceps brachialis
        Gastrocnemius

Question 25

origin

Answer 25

Fixed attachment

Question 26

instertion

Answer 26

Mobile attachment

Question 27

nerve supply

Answer 27

Innervation

Question 28

action

Answer 28

Movement of affected joint(s)

Question 29

agonist

Answer 29

Prime mover

Question 30

antagonist

Answer 30

opposes the agonist. ex.) Tricep is the antagonist to the bicep.

Question 31

synergist

Answer 31

helps the agonist. ex.) The brachialis is the synergist to the bicep when doing curls

Question 32

stabilizer

Answer 32

muscles for posture, they allow for the smoothness of movements by supporting the joints during movements

Question 33

skeletal muscle

Answer 33

responsible for voluntary movements.cells appear striped because of the regular arrangement of sarcomeres. MULTINUCLEATED

Question 34

smooth muscle

Answer 34

usually long and spindle-shaped, and each cell has a single nucleus. the actin and myosin filaments are not as regularly arranged as they are in the skeletal and cardiac muscle.

Question 35

what do smooth muscles do and what controls them?

Answer 35

Controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Smooth muscle provide contractile force for most organs, moves food thru digestive system, empties bladder and controls flow of blood thru blood vessels.

Question 36

cardiac muscle

Answer 36

appears striated as does skeletal muscle because of the regular arrangement of actin and myosin filaments into sarcomeres. but they are much smaller and have only ONE nucleus.

Question 37

how are cardiac muscles arranged?

Answer 37

the cells interdigitate to form a meshwork that is resistant to tearing. cardiac muscles need to be strong to handle high pressures that occur while pumping blood.

Question 38

neuromuscular junction

Answer 38

connects the nervous system to the muscular system via synapses between efferent nerve fibers and muscle fibers, also known as muscle cells