Muscle Vocabulary Terms

Question 1

Muscle fibers

Answer 1

Long, slender cells that make up muscles, each muscle consists of a group of fibers bound together by connective tissue.

Question 2

Fascia

Answer 2

A band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles.

Question 3

Tendon

Answer 3

A narrow band of nonelastic fibrous connective tissue that attaches to a muscle or bone.

Question 4

Skeletal muscle

Answer 4

• Attached to the bones of the skeleton.
• Voluntary muscles.
• Makes boy movement possible.

Question 5

Smooth muscle

Answer 5

• Located in walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands.
• Move and control the flow of fluids through these structures.
• Involuntary muscles.

Question 6

Cardiac muscle

Answer 6

• Forms the muscular walls of the heart.
• Involuntary muscle.

Question 7

Muscle innervation

Answer 7

Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.

Question 8

Neuromuscular

Answer 8

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle.

Question 9

Abduction

Answer 9

Movement of a limb away from the midline.

Question 10

Adduction

Answer 10

Movement of a limb towards the midline.

Question 11

Flexion

Answer 11

Decreasing the angle between two joins by bending a limb.

Question 12

Extension

Answer 12

Increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening of a limb.

Question 13

Hyperextension

Answer 13

The overextension of a body part beyond the normal limit.

Question 14

Rotation

Answer 14

A circular movement around an axis.

Question 15

Rotation

Answer 15

A circular movement around an axis.

Question 16

Circumduction

Answer 16

The movement of a limb so that one part stays still and another moves in a circular motion.

Question 17

Supination

Answer 17

The act of rotating the arm so that the palm is turned upward.

Question 18

Dorisflexion

Answer 18

The movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

Question 19

Plantar flexion

Answer 19

The movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle.

Question 20

Frontalis muscle

Answer 20

A muscle in the forehead that lowers and raises the eyebrows.

Question 21

Temporalis muscle

Answer 21

The muscle that moves the lower jaw up and down to close the mouth.

Question 22

Masseter muscle

Answer 22

The muscle that moves the lower jaw up and down when chewing.

Question 23

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 23

A muscle that helps to bend and rotate the head. Named for two points of origin - the sternum (stern/o) and the clavicle (cleid/o) and the point of insertion, the msstiod process (mastiod.)

Question 24

Fasciitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of the fascia.

Question 25

Tendinitis

Answer 25

Inflammation of a tendon.

Question 26

Atrophy

Answer 26

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues or structures. Caused by a disuse of muscle over time.

Question 27

Myalgia

Answer 27

Tenderness or pain in the muscles.

Question 28

Myorrhexis

Answer 28

Rupture or tearing of a muscle.

Question 29

Atonic

Answer 29

Without normal muscle tone or strength.

Question 30

Hypotonic

Answer 30

Skeletal muscles lacking tone or tension.

Question 31

Ataxia

Answer 31

Impaired balance or coordination due to damaged muscles, brain, or nerves.

Question 32

Hyperkinesia

Answer 32

Abnormally increased muscle function or activity.

Question 33

Paralysis

Answer 33

The loss of sensation and feeling due to damaged nerves or disease.

Question 34

Hemiplegia

Answer 34

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body; usually secondary to a stroke.

Question 35

Paraplegia

Answer 35

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

Question 36

Quadriplegia

Answer 36

Paralysis of all four extremities.

Question 37

Polymyalgia

Answer 37

Pain in several different muscle groups.

Question 38

Myonecrosis

Answer 38

The death of individual muscle fibers.

Question 39

Fasciodesis

Answer 39

Surgical attachment of a fascia to another fascia or to a tendon.

Question 40

Myocarditis

Answer 40

Inflammation of cardiac muscle.

Question 41

Myosphincterotomy

Answer 41

Incision into a sphincter muscle.

Question 42

Myorrhexis

Answer 42

Rupture or tearing of a muscle.

Question 43

Sacropenia

Answer 43

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging.

Question 44

Myoclonus

Answer 44

Sudden involuntary jerking of muscles.

Question 45

Singultus

Answer 45

Hiccups.

Question 46

Tenodesis

Answer 46

Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.

Question 47

Tenolysis

Answer 47

Release of a tendon from adhesions.