Muscle Vocabulary Terms Flashcards
Muscle fibers
Long, slender cells that make up muscles, each muscle consists of a group of fibers bound together by connective tissue.
Fascia
A band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles.
Tendon
A narrow band of nonelastic fibrous connective tissue that attaches to a muscle or bone.
Skeletal muscle
- Attached to the bones of the skeleton.
- Voluntary muscles.
- Makes boy movement possible.
Smooth muscle
- Located in walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands.
- Move and control the flow of fluids through these structures.
- Involuntary muscles.
Cardiac muscle
- Forms the muscular walls of the heart.
- Involuntary muscle.
Muscle innervation
Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.
Neuromuscular
Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle.
Abduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline.
Adduction
Movement of a limb towards the midline.
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between two joins by bending a limb.
Extension
Increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening of a limb.
Hyperextension
The overextension of a body part beyond the normal limit.
Rotation
A circular movement around an axis.
Rotation
A circular movement around an axis.
Circumduction
The movement of a limb so that one part stays still and another moves in a circular motion.
Supination
The act of rotating the arm so that the palm is turned upward.
Dorisflexion
The movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.
Plantar flexion
The movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle.
Frontalis muscle
A muscle in the forehead that lowers and raises the eyebrows.
Temporalis muscle
The muscle that moves the lower jaw up and down to close the mouth.
Masseter muscle
The muscle that moves the lower jaw up and down when chewing.
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
A muscle that helps to bend and rotate the head. Named for two points of origin - the sternum (stern/o) and the clavicle (cleid/o) and the point of insertion, the msstiod process (mastiod.)
Fasciitis
Inflammation of the fascia.
Tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon.
Atrophy
Weakness or wearing away of body tissues or structures. Caused by a disuse of muscle over time.
Myalgia
Tenderness or pain in the muscles.
Myorrhexis
Rupture or tearing of a muscle.
Atonic
Without normal muscle tone or strength.
Hypotonic
Skeletal muscles lacking tone or tension.
Ataxia
Impaired balance or coordination due to damaged muscles, brain, or nerves.
Hyperkinesia
Abnormally increased muscle function or activity.
Paralysis
The loss of sensation and feeling due to damaged nerves or disease.
Hemiplegia
Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body; usually secondary to a stroke.
Paraplegia
Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four extremities.
Polymyalgia
Pain in several different muscle groups.
Myonecrosis
The death of individual muscle fibers.
Fasciodesis
Surgical attachment of a fascia to another fascia or to a tendon.
Myocarditis
Inflammation of cardiac muscle.
Myosphincterotomy
Incision into a sphincter muscle.
Myorrhexis
Rupture or tearing of a muscle.
Sacropenia
Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging.
Myoclonus
Sudden involuntary jerking of muscles.
Singultus
Hiccups.
Tenodesis
Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.
Tenolysis
Release of a tendon from adhesions.
