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Medical Terminology > Bone Vocabulary > Flashcards

Bone Vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ossification

A

The process of cartilage turning into bones.

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2
Q

Osteocyte

A

Bone cell.

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3
Q

Osteoblast

A

A cell that builds bone.

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4
Q

Osteoclast

A

A cell that breaks down old or damaged bone.

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5
Q

Periosteum

A

Forms the outermost covering of bone.

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6
Q

Compact bone

A

Forms the protective outer layer of bones.

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7
Q

Spongy bone

A

Found in the end and inner portions of long bones.

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8
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines the medullary cavity.

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9
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones.

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10
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Fat storage area.

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11
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Manufactures blood cells.

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12
Q

Hemopoietic

A

Pertaining to the manufacturing of blood cells.

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13
Q

Cartilage

A

Smooth, rubber, blue-white connective tissue which acts as a shock absorber between bones.

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14
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints.

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15
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of long bones.

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16
Q

Epiphysis

A

The wider ends of long bones.

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17
Q

Foramen

A

Opening in a one through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass.

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18
Q

Joints

A

Articulations classified by their construction and the degree of movement allowed.

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19
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Do not allow any kind of movement. Ex. skull.

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20
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Only allow slight movement, mostly bones connected by cartilage. Ex. between the sternum and ribs.

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21
Q

Synovial joints

A

Allow a variety of movements. Ex. ball and socket joints such as the shoulder and hip joints. Hinge joints such as the elbows and knees.

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22
Q

Ligaments

A

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints, connect one bone to another or bone to cartilage.

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23
Q

Bursa

A

A fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to prevent friction in a joint between a tendon and a bone.

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24
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems.

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25
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Protects the organs of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems.

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26
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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27
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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28
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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29
Q

How many fused sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5

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30
Q

what makes up the last part of the spinal cord?

A

Sacrum coccyx.

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31
Q

Chondromalacia

A

Abnormal softening of cartilage.

32
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of bone.

33
Q

Burtitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa.

34
Q

Costochondritis

A

Inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.

35
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow.

36
Q

Spondylosis

A

Spinal arthritis. Abnormal condition of vertebrae.

37
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Inflammation of bones and joints and the most common form of arthritis.

38
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine when viewed laterally; hunchback.

39
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; swayback.

40
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine; at least two curves.

41
Q

Ankylosis

A

The loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure.

42
Q

Chondroma

A

A slow-growing benign tumor of cartilage.

43
Q

Myeloma

A

A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow.

44
Q

Osteochondroma

A

A benign boney projection covered with cartilage.

45
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity, associated with aging.

46
Q

Osteopenia

A

A condition that occurs when the body doesn’t make new bone as quickly as it absorbs old bone. Caused by a low-calcium diet, smoking, age-related hormone changes, and certain diseases and medications. Women are most at risk.

47
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope.

48
Q

Arthodesis

A

Surgical ankylosis; surgical fusing of two bones to stiffen a joint. Used to treat severe arthritis or a damaged joint.

49
Q

Arthrolysis

A

Surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint.

50
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical incision or opening into the skull.

51
Q

Craniectomy

A

Surgical removal of a portion of the skull.

52
Q

Ostectomy

A

Surgical removal of bone.

53
Q

Osteoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a bone or bones.

54
Q

Osteotomy

A

Surgical incision of a bone.

55
Q

Closed fracture or simple fracture

A

Bone is broken, no visible wound in the skin.

56
Q

Open fracture or compound fracture

A

Bone is broken and there is a visible wound in the skin.

57
Q

Greenstick fracture or incomplete fracture

A

Bone is bent but only partially broken, common in children.

58
Q

Comminuted fracture or

A

Bone is splintered or crushed.

59
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

Occurs in bone weakened by disease.

60
Q

Stress fracture

A

Overuse injury, small crack in the bone from chronic and excessive impact.

61
Q

Transverse fracture

A

A fracture that occurs straight across bone.

62
Q

Oblique fracture

A

A fracture that occurs at an angle across bone.

63
Q

Spiral fracture

A

A fracture where the bone has been twisted, common with child abuse.

64
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Blood within a joint.

65
Q

Sprain

A

When a ligament is wrenched or torn.

66
Q

Dislocation

A

Total displacement of a bone from its joint.

67
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial displacement of a bone from its joint.

68
Q

Orthotic

A

A brace or splint.

69
Q

Prosthesis

A

Substitute for a diseased or missing body part.

70
Q

Chondroplasty

A

A surgery to repair damaged knee or hip cartilage.

71
Q

Osteosclerosis

A

Abnormal hardening of bone.

72
Q

Costectomy

A

Surgical removal of a rib or ribs.

73
Q

Chondropathy

A

Any disease of cartilage.

74
Q

Polyarthritis

A

Inflammation of more than one joint.

75
Q

Osteoarthropathy

A

Any disease of the ones and joints.

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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