Muscle Unit Flashcards
A point of contract between two bones, bone and cartilage, and between bone and teeth
Joint/Articulation
The study of joints
Arthology
Structural classification of joints is based on 2 criteria
Is there a space between the joint cavity?
Joint Cavity: synovial cavity
The type of connective tissue that binds the bones together
Joint Classification
Connected with fibrous connective tissue, no synovial cavity
Fibrous Joints
Joined by cartilage, no synovial cavity
Cartilaginous Cavity
Has a synovial cavity, connected with strong connective tissues has tendons {muscle to bone} and ligaments {bone to bone}
Synovial Joint
Typically fibrous joints, slimmoveable joints
Synarthrosis
Slightly moveable joints
Amphiarthrosis
Freely moving joint, can cross multiple planes
Diarthrosis
Lack a synovial cavity, permit little/no tissue, there are 3 types
Firbrous Joints
Joint composed of a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissye, interlocking edges decreases chances of breaking, some sutures are present in childhood, but ossify to form a synostosis
Sutures
A fibrous joint, there is greater space between the two articulating bones
Syndemosis
Lacks a synovial cavity, allows little or no movement, articualting bones are joined by fibro cartliage or hyaline cartilage, there are two types
Cartilaginous Joints
A fibrous joint where a cone shaped peg fits into a socket, E.g: teeth and sockets they fit into
Gomphosis
A cartilaginous joint, the connecting material is hyaline cartliage, E.g: cartliage joining the first rib and the manubrium
Synchondrosis
A cartliaginous joint, the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartliage but bones are connected by a flat disc of fibrocartliage, all occur at the midline of the body, E.g: pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints
Symphysis
Have space/synovial cavity between articulating bones
These bones are covered by articular cartilage
The articular capsule surrounds a synovial joint and unites the articulating bones
Allows the joints to be freely moving
Reduces friction at the articulation {joint}
Synovial Joints
Is made up of two tissue layers
Articular Capsule
Outer layer, ususally dense. Irregular connective tissue that attaches to the periosteum of the articulating bones
Fibrous Layer
Inner layer of the articular capsule, made up of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers
Synovial Membrane
Secreted by the synovial membrane, acts as a lubricant for the joint, brings in nutrients and removes waste, and fluid becomes viscous when stagnant
Synovial Fluid
Articular surfaces of these joints are flat or slightly curved, usually permit side to side and back and forth gliding movements. {carpals, tarsals}
Planar
The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone, typically allows motion around a single axix {elbow, knee, fingers}
Hinge
Rounded/Poinyed surface of one bone articulates with a ring of the other bone and a ligament {bone to bone}, allows rotation around the longitudinal axis {radius,ulna,neck}
Pivot
Convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into a corresponding depression in another bone {metacarpals, carpals, carpal tunnel}
Condyloid
The articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped and the articular surface fits into this saddle. Are bi-axial, side to side up and down movement {tibia, fibula, and tarsals}
Saddle
Ball-like surface fitting into the cuplike depression in the opposing bone. Are multi-axial {hip, shoulders}
Ball and Socket
