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Animal Physiology Exam 2 > Muscle Types, Structure and Contraction > Flashcards

Muscle Types, Structure and Contraction Flashcards

1
Q

Striated muscle associated with voluntary movement

Contraction regulated by Somatic NS

A

Skeletal muscle

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2
Q

Striated muscle in the heart

Contraction regulated by Autonomic NS

A

Cardiac muscle

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3
Q

Muscle in blood vessels, visceral tissues

Contraction regulated by Autonomic NS

A

Smooth muscle

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4
Q

Three layers of connective tissue surrounding the skeletal muscle:

A
  1. ) Epimysium - layer of cells encasing entire muscle
  2. ) Perimysium - layer of cells encasing bundle of muscle fibers (cells)
  3. ) Endomysium - layer of cells encasing individual muscle fibers
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5
Q

Cell membrane of individual muscle fibers (plasma membrane)

A

Sarcolemma

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6
Q

Muscle fibers….(4)

A
  • Sarcolemma
  • Each cell has more than one nucleus
  • Contain myofibrils made up of protein
  • SR - surround myofibrils
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7
Q

Repeating unit that forms the myofibrils (contractile unit)

A

Sarcomere

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8
Q

Thick filaments

A

Myosin

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9
Q

Thin filaments

A

Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin

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10
Q

I band, A band, H zone of Skeletal muscle contraction

A

I band = only thin filaments
A band = contains entire thick filament
H zone = only thick filaments

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11
Q

During skeletal muscle contraction, what happens to each band/zone?

A

I band = gets smaller
A band = stays the same length (thick does not change)
H zone = gets smaller

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12
Q

During skeletal muscle contraction, the sarcomere _____ due to a/an _____ of _______.

A

Shortens due to an overlap of thick and thin filaments

-NONE of the filaments themselves change length

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13
Q

What do muscle contractions need? (3)

A
  • ATP
  • Nerve impulse (Acetylcholine)
  • Calcium
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14
Q

Attached to actin filaments and tropomysin and BINDS calcium

A

Troponin

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15
Q

NO Calcium = blocks myosin binding site

Calcium = moves off the myosin binding site on the actin

A

Tropomysin

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16
Q

Differences of smooth muscle from skeletal muscle (5)

A
  1. Smaller
  2. Spindle-shaped
  3. Single nuclei, no t-tubules, poorly developed SR
  4. more THIN filaments than skeletal, no troponin
  5. Not organized into sarcomeres
17
Q

Smooth Muscle Myofibrils (3)

A
  1. ) Thick filament through the sarcoplasm
  2. ) Thin filament anchored to dense bodies and membrane
  3. ) During contraction, thin filaments pulled together (from football-shaped –> globular)
18
Q

Smooth muscle contraction dependent on…

A

Ca2+ concentrations

-Processes more time-consuming than in skeletal muscle - slower contraction

19
Q

Single-unit Smooth muscle

A

“Joined” by gap junctions

Coordinated contraction

20
Q

Multi-unit Smooth muscle

A

Cells as individual units
More direct than neural control
ex: Eyes, arteries, hair erectors

21
Q
  • Striated (has sarcomeres)
  • Cells joined together with intercalated disks: gap junctions and desmosomes
  • Regions with pacemaker activity
  • Long contraction - relatively slow
A

Cardiac muscle

22
Q

Sliding Filament Theory

A

During muscle contraction, the thick and thin filaments slide over each other, increasing the degree of overlap, shortening each sarcomere

23
Q

The gap junctions of cardiac muscles allow for…

A

Beating of the heart

24
Q

The desmosomes of cardiac muscles allow for…

A

Muscle to generate a great deal of force

25
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the name of the plasma membrane of a muscle
fiber?

A

Sarcolemma

26
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the name of the connective tissue layer that
surrounds each muscle fiber?

A

Endomysium

27
Q

Which of the following proteins is not part of the thin filament in skeletal muscle?

A

Myosin

28
Q

What is the name of the repeating contractile unit that makes up the myofibril?

A

Sarcomere

29
Q

In the skeletal muscle, calcium binds to which of the following proteins?

A

Troponin

30
Q

During skeletal muscle contraction, ATP binds to which of the following proteins?

A

Myosin

31
Q

In which of the following types of muscle does calcium cause muscle contraction by
increasing the phosphorylation of myosin?

A

Smooth muscle

32
Q

What is the name of the neurotransmitter involved in signaling skeletal muscle
contraction?

A

Acetylcholine

33
Q

From what muscle fiber organelle is calcium released during muscle contraction?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Animal Physiology Exam 2 (8 decks)

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