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Histology Unit 2 > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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2
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

Found in organs

Involuntary and nonstriated

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3
Q

Smooth muscle is ______ in shape with a _____ placed nucleus that is elongated in the direction of the cells long axis

A

Fusiform

Centrally

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4
Q

_____ muscle is involuntary and striated

A

Cardiac muscle

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5
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

The cells are branching elongated fibers with a centrally placed nucleus. Contain intercalated discs.

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6
Q

What are the cells like in skeletal muscle?

A

The cells are very long cylinders with multiple peripheral nuclei

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7
Q

_______ muscle is striated and voluntary

A

Skeletal muscle

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8
Q

______ muscle is found in the muscles of the limbs and trunk

A

Skeletal

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9
Q

What are the muscle coverings of skeletal muscle?

A

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

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10
Q

Where is endomysium located in skeletal muscle?

A

Around each myofibril (cell) and resembles loose areolar CT

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11
Q

Where is the perimyisum in skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Around each fascicle (groups of myofibrils)

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12
Q

As you increase the diameter of the fascicle you _____ the control you have

A

Decrease

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13
Q

Where is the epimysium located at in skeletal muscle?

A

Around each muscle

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14
Q

What makes up the epimysium?

A

Dense connective tissue layer that separates that muscle from all surrounding entities

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15
Q

What are the layers that insulate the muscle so that friction doesn’t occur?

A

The endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

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16
Q

What is the functional unit of muscle contraction?

A

Sarcomere

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17
Q

What makes up a sarcomere?

A

2 z lines, two half’s of an I band and an A band

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18
Q

What makes up the I band?

A

Thin filaments only

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19
Q

What is the A band made up of

A

Both thick and thin filaments

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20
Q

H zone in the sarcomere is made up of what?

A

Thick filaments only and contains the M line

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21
Q

What makes up a thin filament?

A

Actin

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22
Q

What makes up Actin?

A

Strings of G actin subunits forms F actin. Each G actin subunit has a binding site for myosin
F actin strands are twisted together

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23
Q

Actin in thin filaments is 2 long strands of ___ actin made up of ____ actin

A

F actin made up of G actin

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24
Q

________ is the glue that holds strands together in the sarcomere thin filament

A

Tropomyosin

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25
Q

What are the three subunits of troponin?

A

TnT, TnC, Tnl

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26
Q

What are the 3 components of the thin filament?

A

Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin

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27
Q

______ subunit of troponin binds to tropomyosin

A

TnT

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28
Q

________ subunit of troponin binds to Calcium

A

TnC

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29
Q

______ subunit in troponin blocks the interaction between actin and myosin

A

Tnl

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30
Q

Thick filament is made up of ______

A

Myosin

31
Q

Myosin is made up of what 2 subunits?

A

Heavy meromyosin and light meromyosin

32
Q

The ______ ________ forms the head of the thick filament

A

Heavy meromyosin

33
Q

What subunit of the thick filament has binding sites for ATP and Actin?

A

Heavy meromyosin

34
Q

Describe type 1 muscle types

A

Rich in sarcoplasm with myoglobin
Dark red
Related to slow contraction
Use oxidative phosphorylation of FA for energy

35
Q

Describe type 2 skeletal muscle

A

Less myoglobin
Light red
Rapid discontinuous contractions

36
Q

What are the three subtypes of type 2 skeletal muscle?

A

IIA, IIB, IIC

37
Q

Which of the 3 subtypes of skeletal muscle type 2 has the fastest action, uses glycolysis for energy?

A

IIB

38
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

A branching network of Smooth ER that surrounds the myofilaments
Stores Ca2+

39
Q

What is the T tubules?

A

A projection of the sarcolemma that forms a complex of tubules at the A-I junction of the sarcomere.

40
Q

What forms a triad in skeletal muscle?

A

One T tubule and 2 terminal cisternae

41
Q

The place where the neuron passes through the perimyisum of the muscle and branches such that each muscle cell has innervation is known as the __________ _______.

A

Neuromuscular junction

42
Q

Skeletal muscles use what neurotransmitters?

A

Ach

43
Q

What makes up the CNS and what makes up the PNS?

A

CNS: Brain and spinal cord
PNS: plexuses and nerves

44
Q

What is the ANS made up of?

A

Visceral innervation

Ganglia

45
Q

What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS
PNS
ANS

46
Q

Which part of the NS runs down the central axis of our body and controls the body?

A

CNS

47
Q

Which division of the NS innervates the periphery of our body, limbs and cavities and is made up of several plexuses

A

PNS

48
Q

Which division of the NS is primarily responsible for the innervation of the viscera of the body and associated with involuntary muscles

A

ANS

49
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?

A

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

50
Q

______ is known as the flight or fight response

A

Sympathetic

51
Q

________ is associated with rest or digest

A

Parasympathetic

52
Q

What are the 4 types of glial cells?

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells

53
Q

What are the three functions of astrocytes?

A

Storage cells (storage of materials to make neurotransmitters and store sugar)
Scavengers (clean up the environment)
Support (form a scaffolding)

54
Q

What glial cells are the smallest of glial cels and function as macrophages in the NS

A

Microglia

55
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Make myelin

56
Q

What is the purpose of myelin?

A

A compound that goes around axons and increases conduction velocity

57
Q

what glial cells make myelin?

A

Oligodendrocytes

58
Q

What glial cells make cerebral spinal fluid?

A

Ependymal cells

59
Q

What is the functional unit of the NS?

A

Neuron

60
Q

_______ is where the nerve cell processes are going to begin from and where the organelles and Nissl bodies are

A

Cell body

61
Q

What are Nissl bodies?

A

Granules in the cell body

Organelles uses for protein synthesis

62
Q

_______ are repsonsible for carrying AP toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

63
Q

________ is responsible for carrying AP away from the cell body and distribute info throughout the NS

A

Axon

64
Q

_______ are interruptions in the myeline sheath along the axon where the AP jumps from one to another

A

Nodes of Ranvier

65
Q

_________ is where the axon flaring as i comes down and opens in 3 dimensions

A

Telodendria

66
Q

What classification of neurons have a cell body and a single process and is not seen in the human NS

A

Unipolar

67
Q

In ________ classification of neurons there is a cell body, an axon and single dendrites that attach to the cell body and are seen in the general sensory systems such as Pain, temp and touch

A

Pseudopolar neurons

68
Q

_______ neurons have a cell body, a dendrite and on the opposite side have an axon. Seen in retina of eye and auditory system

A

Bipolar neurons

69
Q

________ neurons have a cell body a single axon but have multiple dendrites

A

Multipolar

70
Q

What classification of neurons is the most complex and most numerous in the human body

A

Multipolar

71
Q

What are the components of axons?

A

Myeline sheath
Nodes of ranvier
Telodendria
Terminal boutons

72
Q

What classification of neurons are seen in the sensory systems?

A

Pseudounipolar

73
Q

What neuron classification is seen in the special sensory systems?

A

Bipolar neurons

74
Q

What classification of neurons is seen in the motor systems?

A

Multipolar

Histology Unit 2 (3 decks)

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