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Histology Unit 2 > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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2
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

Found in organs

Involuntary and nonstriated

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3
Q

Smooth muscle is ______ in shape with a _____ placed nucleus that is elongated in the direction of the cells long axis

A

Fusiform

Centrally

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4
Q

_____ muscle is involuntary and striated

A

Cardiac muscle

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5
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

The cells are branching elongated fibers with a centrally placed nucleus. Contain intercalated discs.

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6
Q

What are the cells like in skeletal muscle?

A

The cells are very long cylinders with multiple peripheral nuclei

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7
Q

_______ muscle is striated and voluntary

A

Skeletal muscle

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8
Q

______ muscle is found in the muscles of the limbs and trunk

A

Skeletal

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9
Q

What are the muscle coverings of skeletal muscle?

A

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

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10
Q

Where is endomysium located in skeletal muscle?

A

Around each myofibril (cell) and resembles loose areolar CT

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11
Q

Where is the perimyisum in skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Around each fascicle (groups of myofibrils)

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12
Q

As you increase the diameter of the fascicle you _____ the control you have

A

Decrease

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13
Q

Where is the epimysium located at in skeletal muscle?

A

Around each muscle

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14
Q

What makes up the epimysium?

A

Dense connective tissue layer that separates that muscle from all surrounding entities

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15
Q

What are the layers that insulate the muscle so that friction doesn’t occur?

A

The endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

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16
Q

What is the functional unit of muscle contraction?

A

Sarcomere

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17
Q

What makes up a sarcomere?

A

2 z lines, two half’s of an I band and an A band

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18
Q

What makes up the I band?

A

Thin filaments only

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19
Q

What is the A band made up of

A

Both thick and thin filaments

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20
Q

H zone in the sarcomere is made up of what?

A

Thick filaments only and contains the M line

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21
Q

What makes up a thin filament?

A

Actin

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22
Q

What makes up Actin?

A

Strings of G actin subunits forms F actin. Each G actin subunit has a binding site for myosin
F actin strands are twisted together

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23
Q

Actin in thin filaments is 2 long strands of ___ actin made up of ____ actin

A

F actin made up of G actin

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24
Q

________ is the glue that holds strands together in the sarcomere thin filament

A

Tropomyosin

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25
What are the three subunits of troponin?
TnT, TnC, Tnl
26
What are the 3 components of the thin filament?
Actin Tropomyosin Troponin
27
______ subunit of troponin binds to tropomyosin
TnT
28
________ subunit of troponin binds to Calcium
TnC
29
______ subunit in troponin blocks the interaction between actin and myosin
Tnl
30
Thick filament is made up of ______
Myosin
31
Myosin is made up of what 2 subunits?
Heavy meromyosin and light meromyosin
32
The ______ ________ forms the head of the thick filament
Heavy meromyosin
33
What subunit of the thick filament has binding sites for ATP and Actin?
Heavy meromyosin
34
Describe type 1 muscle types
Rich in sarcoplasm with myoglobin Dark red Related to slow contraction Use oxidative phosphorylation of FA for energy
35
Describe type 2 skeletal muscle
Less myoglobin Light red Rapid discontinuous contractions
36
What are the three subtypes of type 2 skeletal muscle?
IIA, IIB, IIC
37
Which of the 3 subtypes of skeletal muscle type 2 has the fastest action, uses glycolysis for energy?
IIB
38
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
A branching network of Smooth ER that surrounds the myofilaments Stores Ca2+
39
What is the T tubules?
A projection of the sarcolemma that forms a complex of tubules at the A-I junction of the sarcomere.
40
What forms a triad in skeletal muscle?
One T tubule and 2 terminal cisternae
41
The place where the neuron passes through the perimyisum of the muscle and branches such that each muscle cell has innervation is known as the __________ _______.
Neuromuscular junction
42
Skeletal muscles use what neurotransmitters?
Ach
43
What makes up the CNS and what makes up the PNS?
CNS: Brain and spinal cord PNS: plexuses and nerves
44
What is the ANS made up of?
Visceral innervation | Ganglia
45
What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?
CNS PNS ANS
46
Which part of the NS runs down the central axis of our body and controls the body?
CNS
47
Which division of the NS innervates the periphery of our body, limbs and cavities and is made up of several plexuses
PNS
48
Which division of the NS is primarily responsible for the innervation of the viscera of the body and associated with involuntary muscles
ANS
49
What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?
Parasympathetic | Sympathetic
50
______ is known as the flight or fight response
Sympathetic
51
________ is associated with rest or digest
Parasympathetic
52
What are the 4 types of glial cells?
Astrocytes Microglia Oligodendrocytes Ependymal cells
53
What are the three functions of astrocytes?
Storage cells (storage of materials to make neurotransmitters and store sugar) Scavengers (clean up the environment) Support (form a scaffolding)
54
What glial cells are the smallest of glial cels and function as macrophages in the NS
Microglia
55
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Make myelin
56
What is the purpose of myelin?
A compound that goes around axons and increases conduction velocity
57
what glial cells make myelin?
Oligodendrocytes
58
What glial cells make cerebral spinal fluid?
Ependymal cells
59
What is the functional unit of the NS?
Neuron
60
_______ is where the nerve cell processes are going to begin from and where the organelles and Nissl bodies are
Cell body
61
What are Nissl bodies?
Granules in the cell body | Organelles uses for protein synthesis
62
_______ are repsonsible for carrying AP toward the cell body
Dendrites
63
________ is responsible for carrying AP away from the cell body and distribute info throughout the NS
Axon
64
_______ are interruptions in the myeline sheath along the axon where the AP jumps from one to another
Nodes of Ranvier
65
_________ is where the axon flaring as i comes down and opens in 3 dimensions
Telodendria
66
What classification of neurons have a cell body and a single process and is not seen in the human NS
Unipolar
67
In ________ classification of neurons there is a cell body, an axon and single dendrites that attach to the cell body and are seen in the general sensory systems such as Pain, temp and touch
Pseudopolar neurons
68
_______ neurons have a cell body, a dendrite and on the opposite side have an axon. Seen in retina of eye and auditory system
Bipolar neurons
69
________ neurons have a cell body a single axon but have multiple dendrites
Multipolar
70
What classification of neurons is the most complex and most numerous in the human body
Multipolar
71
What are the components of axons?
Myeline sheath Nodes of ranvier Telodendria Terminal boutons
72
What classification of neurons are seen in the sensory systems?
Pseudounipolar
73
What neuron classification is seen in the special sensory systems?
Bipolar neurons
74
What classification of neurons is seen in the motor systems?
Multipolar

Histology Unit 2 (3 decks)

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