Connective Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
What does connective tissue develop from?
A
Mesenchyme cells that come from the mesoderm
2
Q
Connective tissue proper is either _______ or _______
A
Loose or dense
3
Q
Specialized connective tissue is made up of what 3 things?
A
Ground substance
Fibers
Cells
4
Q
________ _______ is colorless, transparent and homogenous
A
Ground substance
5
Q
______ ______ acts as a lubricant and barrier
A
Ground substance
6
Q
What is ground substance made up of?
A
Glycosaminoglycans
7
Q
_________ are linear polysaccharides (uronic acid and hexosamines) bound to a protein
A
Glycosaminoglycans
8
Q
______ _______ is a glycosaminoglycan in type 1 collagen in the skin
A
Dermatan sulfate
9
Q
_______ ________ is a glycosaminoglycan in type 2 collagen and hyaline cartilage
A
Chondroitin sulfate
10
Q
_______ _____ is a glycosaminoglycan in type 3 collagen and present in reticular fibers
A
Heparan sulfate
11
Q
______ ______ are proteins to which branched carbohydrates are attached
A
Structural glycoproteins
12
Q
What is the structural glycoprotein in the basal lamina
A
Laminin
13
Q
What is the structural glycoprotein involved in cellular adhesion
A
Fibronectin
14
Q
What are the three types of fibers associated with connective tissue
A
Collagen
Elastic
Reticular
15
Q
______ is the most abundant protein of the body
A
Collagen
16
Q
What forms collagen?
A
Fibroblasts
17
Q
_______ is nonelastic, acidophilic tissue with a tensile strength stronger than steel
A
Collagen
18
Q
What are the stages that form collagen?
A
Tropocollagen-> fibrils ->fibers -> bundles
19
Q
_____ fibers form an irregular network and appear yellow in a fresh section
A
Elastic fibers
20
Q
______ fibers are made up of a core of elastin surrounded by microfibrils
A
Elastic
21
Q
_____ fibers are extremely thin and need a special stain to see and made up of type III collagen
A
Reticular
22
Q
What are the 5 connective tissue cells?
A
Fibroblast Fibrocyte Macrophage Mast cell Plasma cell
23
Q
_______ are the most common connective tissue cell;
A
Fibroblast
24
Q
_________ responsible for the synthesis of fibers and ground substance
A
Fibroblasts
25
________ has an irregular cytoplasmic outline and large pale ovoid nucleus
Fibroblast
26
______ is spindle shaped with a dark staining nucleus. Can refer back to a fibroblast
Fibrocyte
27
_____ is derived from blood monocytes and acts as a phagocyte
Macrophage
28
_______ have irregular surface with ovoid to kidney shaped nucleus
Macrophage
29
_______ cells are large ovoid cells with large course basophilic granules and have surface receptors for IgE. Granules contain heparin, histamine, ECF-A
Mast Cells
30
____ cells are the fewest cells that are large and ovoid with a spherical eccentric nucleus with a clockface pattern
Plasma cell
31
______ cells are involved in the synthesis of Abs. Can synthesize IgE if exposed to a certain Ag. The IgE then binds with the mast cell -> release of histamine and heparin-> allergic reaction
Plasma cell
32
What are the 3 examples of connective tissue proper?
Loose
Dense regular
Dense Irregular
33
What are the 2 special connective tissue
Adipose
| Elastic
34
What are the 2 supporting CT?
Cartilage
| Bone
35
_____ _____ CT fills in the spaces, supports epithelial tissue, surrounds lymphatic and blood vessels
Loose Areolar CT
36
_____ ______ CT contains fibroblast, macrophages, collagen fibers, elastic fibers and reticular fibers
Loose areolar CT
37
_____ _____ CT’s major component is amorphous ground substance.
Loose Areolar
38
_____ _____ CT is delicate, flexible and not resistant to stress
Loose areolar
39
______ ______ CT contains more collagen fibers and less cells.
Dense Irregular
40
______ _______ CT the collagen fibers are arranged in bundles without definite orientation
Dense irregular
41
The collagen fiber arrangement in the dense irregular CT is useful why?
It can resist stress in all directions
42
_____ _____ CT can be found in the dermis of the skin
Dense irregular
43
___ _____ CT contains more collagen fibers and less cells. Less flexible and more resistant to stress. But the collagen fibers are arranged in a definite pattern
Dense regular
44
How is dense regular tissue formed?
Formed in response to prolonged stress in one direction
45
Where can dense regular connective tissue be found?
In tendons
46
_______ CT is composed of bundles of thick elastic fibers
Elastic CT
47
In elastic connective tissue there is a small amount of ______ CT around the elastic bundles with flattened fibrocytes
Loose areolar
48
Where can elastic CT be found?
In the ligamentum flavum
49
________ CT is a specialized loos CT that forms a framework in lymphoid and myeloid organs
Reticular CT
50
What is present in reticular CT?
Reticular cells which are fibroblast specially designed for the secretion of reticular fibers. May have macrophages present
51
________ CT contains a high concentration of amorphous ground substance with hyaluronic acid
Mucous CT
52
In ______ CT there are collagen fibers with a few elastic and reticular fibers. Fibroblasts are the major cells present
Mucous CT
53
Where is mucous CT found?
Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord
54
_______ tissue functions in energy storage, shapes the body and insulates the body
Adipose
55
What are the two types of adipose tissue?
Unilocular (yellow)
| Multilocular (brown)
56
________ tissue, the cells are spherical with the lipid material washed out during the processing. Therefore each cell appears as a thin layer of cytoplasm with a flattened nucleus
Unilocular adipose tissue
57
________ ______ tissue, cells are smaller with a greater number of lipid droplets with a large centrally placed nucleus
Multilocular (brown) adipose tissue
58
In _______ ______ tissue there are many mitochondria. It funcitons to transform stored energy into heat
Multilocular (brown) adipose tissue
59
What are the 3 functions of cartilage?
Support soft tissue
Provides sliding area for joints
Growth of bones
60
T/F: cartilage is Avascular and uses diffusion
True
61
_______ is avascular and uses diffusion, has no nerves or lymphatics, low metabolic rate
Cartilage
62
________ can bear mechanical stress without permanent distortion
Cartilage
63
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous
64
______ cartilage contains proteoglycans with long hyaluronic acids that make up its amorphous substance and water
Hyaline cartilage
65
_______ cartilage has chondrocytes located in the matrix within the capsule
Hyaline cartilage
66
The hyaline cartilages’ capsule is rich in ___________ and poor in ______
Glycosaminoglycans
| Collagen
67
______ are round cells that appear in groups of up to 8 cells or located in isotonic groups.
Chondrocytes
68
Chondrocytes are found in ______ in hyaline cartilage
Lacunae
69
______ cartilage is covered with a perichondrium which has dense CT made up of type I collagen and fibroblast
Hyaline
70
The inner layer of the capsule is ______
| The outerlayer of the capsule is ________ in hyaline cartilage
Chondrogenic
| Fibrous
71
Where is elastic cartilage found?
In the auricle of the ear
72
Elastic cartilage is naturally _______ in color
Yellow
73
Elastic cartilage is identical to hyaline cartilage except for what two reasons?
Elastic cartilage, the matrix has elastic fibers and type 1 collagen
74
Hyaline cartilage contains what elements?
Type II collagen
Proteoglycans with long hyaluronic acids
Water
75
Where is fibrocartilage found?
In the intervertebral disc and always occurs in dense connective tissue
76
In _________ chondrocytes in long rows with no perichondrium and chondrocytes appear as single cells of in isogenic groups
Fibrocartilage
77
The dense connective tissue in _______ is made up of type 1 collagen
Fibrocartilage
78
What are the three types of bone cells?
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocyte
79
What bone cell is important in the synthesis of organic part of bone (osteoid)?
Osteoblasts
80
The osteoid is made up of what 3 components?
Type 1 collagen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans
81
_______ are located on the surface of bone
Osteoblasts
82
________ are cuboidal to columnar in shape and contain a RER, golgi and large nucleus
Osteoblast
83
______ are mature bone cells encapsulated in bones lamina and located in lacuna
Osteocyte
84
There is one _______ per lacunae in bone tissue
Osteocyte
85
_______ radiate into the canaliculi to join with other osteocytes through gap junctions
Osteocyte
86
The inorganic part of bone makes up about 50% of it. What part of inorganic bone makes the bone hard?
Hydroxyapatite crystal
87
________ _______ are made up of Ca phosphate and these are then placed in between the collagen fibers that make up bone (type 1), which then makes the bone hard
Hydroxyapatite crystals
88
Bone matrix has a ground substance made up of ____ and _____
Proteoglycans and glycoproteins
89
Periosteum and endosperm have a ______ CT layer externally and have a ________ layer internally (cellular)
Dense CT
| Osteogenic layer
90
How is the periosteum and endosperm attached to the bone matrix?
By sharpey’s fibers
91
Endosteum is _____ than periosteum and has _________ cells
Thinner
| Has osteoprogenitor cells-> osteoblasts
92
What formed elements make up blood?
RBC
WBC
Platelets
93
What is the major compoent of blood?
Plasma
94
What are the three plasma proteins?
Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen
95
What is the major compoent of plasma?
Water
96
What are the granulocytes?
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
97
What are the agranulocytes?
Monocytes
| Lymphocyte
98
______ is the measure of the RBCs per unit volume
Hematocrit
99
What blood cells are biconcave with no nucleus and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Erythrocytes
100
What are nucleated red blood cells called?
Reticulocytes
101
What is the most abundant WBC in the body?
Neutrophil
102
_______ small specific granules= lysosomes and a polymorphic nucleus
Neutrophil
103
What are the phagocytes and first line of defense?
Neutrophil
104
What granulocyte kills parasitic worms and has a bilobated nucleus
Eosinophils
105
What WBC functions in phagocytosis of Ag-Ab complex and control of parasites
Eosinophils
106
_______ granules contain heparin and histamine and have an S shaped nucleus.
Basophil
107
_______ are large, round and has an eccentric nucleus s with halo of cytoplasm
Lymphocyte
108
______ have a large kidney shaped nucleus and mature into macrophages when they enter tissues
Monocytes
109
________ form from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
Platelets
110
_____ have no nucleus but do have a hyalomere (area of actin and myosin) and granulomere (contains Ca, ATP and ADP)
Platelets
111
____ function in blood clotting
Platelets
