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biology 2401 > Muscle Tissue 10B > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue 10B Flashcards

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1
Q

give 7 characteristics of red muscles

A 
slow twitch/marathoner's
good blood supply
more myoglobin
more mitochondria
smaller SR
slower enzymes
slower/long lasting
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2
Q

7 characteristics of white muscles

A 
fast twitch/sprinter's
bad blood supply
less myoglobin
fewer mitochondria
larger SR
faster enzymes
faster/fatigue
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3
Q

threshold

A

response; minimal stimulus required to cause contraction (meet/beat)

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4
Q

all or non rule:

A

response; entire muscle cell will contract or not

cannot vary # of muscle fibers stimulated to vary contraction

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5
Q

muscle twitch:

A

response; one rapid contraction/relaxation

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6
Q

latent period

A

time for signal to cause contraction

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7
Q

period of contraction

A

time for a muscle to contract

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8
Q

period of relaxation

A

time for a muscle to relax?

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9
Q

another name for staircase affect

A

treppe

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10
Q

staircase effect

A

warming up of a muscle

increases length of contraction until it reaches maximum

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11
Q

wave summation

A

warming up of a muscle

no complete relaxation- sustained contraction

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12
Q

another name for wave summation

A

sustained contraction

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13
Q

tetanus

A

continuous stimulus w/ no relaxation

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14
Q

fatigue

A

losing ability to contract muscle

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15
Q

recruitment

A

more muscle cells activated leads to more force

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16
Q

two types of exercises assoc. with muscle tissues

A

isotonic

isometric

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17
Q

what is isotonic?

A

muscle shortens during exercise (normal)
concentric- normal contraction
eccentric- slow relaxation

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18
Q

isometric

A

exercise where muscle doesn’t shorten during contraction

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19
Q

muscle tone

A

small % of muscle fibers/cells that stays active

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20
Q

muscle tone; give 3 uses

A

signals to keep muscle contracted in case of use
allows muscles to continually stabilize joints
allows muscles to continually maintain posture

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21
Q

muscle movement; give related biology term to physics term:

lever (rod)

A

bone

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22
Q

physics; force

A

biology; muscle

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23
Q

physics; fulcrum

A

biology; joint

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24
Q

physics: weight

A

biology; object

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25
Q

term for tweezers

A

forceps

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26
Q

types of movement-

first class

A

force- pivot- weight

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27
Q

3 examples of first-class type of movement

A

seesaw, scissors, triceps

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28
Q

type of movement: second-class

A

pivot-weight-force

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29
Q

2 ex. of second-class movement

A

wheelbarrow; gastronemius

30
Q

third type of movement; third class

A

pivot-force- weight

31
Q

2 examples of third class movement

A

forceps (tweezers); biceps

32
Q

muscle tissue comparison

is skeletal attached to muscle

A

true

33
Q

is skeletal voluntary

A

true

34
Q

does skeletal have single cells?

A

no. fused cells

35
Q

does skeletal have gap junctions?

A

no.

36
Q

do skeletal muscles have single nucleuses

A

no. multinucleated

37
Q

protein related to skeletal muscle

A

troponin

38
Q

neurotransmitter for skeletal

A

protein? acetylcholine (ACH)

39
Q

proteins (3) for smooth muscle tissue

A

ACH
norepinephrine
oxytocin

40
Q

proteins (2) for cardiac muscle tissue

A

ACH

norepinephrine

41
Q

cardiac muscle tissue is voluntary

A

false

42
Q

cardiac muscle is multinucleated. t/F

A

false

43
Q

cardiac muscle tissue has multiple cells. t/f

A

false; has single cells

44
Q

Cardiac muscle tissues are branched t/f

A

true

45
Q

cardiac muscle tissues are not striated. t/f

A

false

46
Q

is cardiac weak 2D?

A

no. strong 3D

47
Q

smooth muscle tissues have intercalated discs t/f

A

false; cardiac tissue has the discs

48
Q

protein found in cardiac tissue

A

troponin

49
Q

smooth muscle tissues are voluntary t/f

A

false

50
Q

smooth muscle tissue are single cells f/t

A

true

51
Q

smooth muscle tissues have multiple directional fibers t/f

A

false; they have fewer random fibers

52
Q

smooth muscles are striated t/f

A

false

53
Q

smooth muscle tissue are weak 3D t/f

A

true

54
Q

protein? for smooth m. tissue

A

colmodulin

55
Q

what is colmodulin used for?

A

it’s used by smooth muscle tissue to block myosin

56
Q

two examples of multi-unit smooth muscle tissue

A

iris

sphincter

57
Q

example of visceral muscle tissue

A

muscles of the GI tract

58
Q

3 energy sources for muscular system

A

ATP
creatine phosphate
oxygen supply (long term)

59
Q

four effects of fatigue

A

inability to contract muscle
accumulation of lactic acid (pH)
ACH supply exhausted (recycled? takes longer)
decreased blood supply- low ATP- no contraction

60
Q

four characteristics of a cramp

A

sustained involuntary contraction
decreased blood supply- low oxygen- low ATP
no ATP- no active transport- no Ca ++ out and no myosin detachment
decrease in extracellular fluid electrolytes

61
Q

what’s usage of ATP for energy source

A

movement and detachment of myosin

62
Q

how much reserve does ATP have as energy source

A

less than 6 sec.

63
Q

is ATP as energy source recycled? (hmmm)

A

yes

64
Q

what is a quick reserve for energy source for muscles

A

creatine phosphate

65
Q

is creatine phosphate a more abundant reserve energy supply for muscles?

A

yes

66
Q

two types of cellular respiration

A

glucose

glycogen

67
Q

energy uses

A

for relaxation and contraction
25 % metabolic processes
75% heat

68
Q

Oxygen supply is a long term supply t/f

A

true

69
Q

what triggers the beginning of the process of muscles contracting (shortening)

A

happens when a protein called actin is pulled by a protein called myosin.

70
Q

one example where smooth muscles are found

A

walls of arteries

71
Q

3 areas where smooth muscles move materials thru the body

A

skin
visceral organs
internal passageways

biology 2401 (3 decks)

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