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biology 2401 > Joints; chap. 9 > Flashcards

Joints; chap. 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

define articulation

A

where two/more bones meet

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2
Q

classification of movement

synarthrotic

A

immovable (skull plates)

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3
Q

class. of movement

amphiarthrotic

A

slightly moveable (forearm and wrist)

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4
Q

class. of movement

diartrotic

A

free moving (hip or shoulder)

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5
Q

describe fibrous tissue

A

dense connective tissue

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6
Q

three types of fibrous tissue

A

syndesmosis
suture
gomphosis

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7
Q

syndesmosis

A

slight twisting

ex. tibiofibular

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8
Q

suture

A

immovable ligaments, i.e. skull bones

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9
Q

gomphosis

A

bony process into process;

ex. tooth held w/ ligament to bone

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10
Q

symphysis

A

pads or covers

ex. intervertebral disk

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11
Q

what is synovial

A

describes free moving structure?

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12
Q

structure of synovial

A

bone

joint capsule

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13
Q

3 types of bone (structure?)

A

articular cartilage
subchondral plate- surface compact bone
spongy bone-deep

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14
Q

describe joint capsule structure

A

tube-like connection

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15
Q

outer dense fibrous connective tissue

A

joint capsule

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16
Q

inner loose connective tissue- synovial membrane

A

joint capsule

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17
Q

2 traits of inner loose connective tissue

A

synovial cavity

synovial fluid-for lubrication

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18
Q

what is bursae?

A

fluid filled sacs?

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19
Q

what is villi

A

support and includes SA (microscopic folds) indenting into joint

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20
Q

what is menisci

A

divisions (raised surface on outer edge; helps keep bone in the joint)

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21
Q

ligaments

A

dense fibrous connective tissue that is collagenous

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22
Q

fibers are known as

A

internal and external

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23
Q

function of fibers

A

shock absortion

fat storage

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24
Q

synovial joint

another name for ball and socket joint

A

spheroidal

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25
Q

synovial joint

ex. of ball and socket

A

hip and shoulder

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26
Q

synovial joint

ball and socket- how much motion?

A

widest range- all planes and rotational

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27
Q

synovial joint

condyloid joint- another name

A

ellipsoidal

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28
Q

synovial joint

condyloid joint ex.

A

metacarpals, metatarsals

phalanges

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29
Q

synovial joint

movement of condyloid

A

different planes

30
Q

synovial joint
describe condyloid
hint- combination of both names

A

ovoid condyle to elliptical cavity

31
Q

synovial joint

gliding joint example

A

carpal/metacarpal

tarsal/metatarsal

32
Q

synovial joint

another name of gliding joint

A

arthrodial

33
Q

synovial joint

describe gliding joint

A

nearly flat or slightly curved

34
Q

synovial joint
hinge joint; another name
hint- think of tonic and ethanol and local trucking

A

ginglymodial

35
Q

synovial joint

describe hinge joint

A

convex to concave

troclear notch

36
Q

synovial joint

movement of hinge joint

A

one plane

37
Q

synovial joint

examples of hinge joint

A

elbow
knee
ankle (tibofibulotarsal)

38
Q

synovial joint

describe pivot joint

A

cylindrical within rings

39
Q

synovial joint

describe movement of pivot joint

A

rotation on central axis

40
Q

synovial joint

another term for pivot joint

A

trochoidal

41
Q

synovial joint

ex. of pivot joint

A

atlas/axis

radius/ulna

42
Q

synovial joint

saddle joint- another term

A

sellar

skull?

43
Q

synovial joint

describe saddle joint

A

both concave and convex

44
Q

synovial joint

describe movement of saddle joint

A

variety of motion

45
Q

synovial joint

example of saddle joint

A

thumb

46
Q

Clinical Application Disorders of Joints:

cartilage tears

A

menisci and articular cartilage

47
Q

Clinical Application Disorders of Joints:

sprains

A

stretching and tearing of ligaments

48
Q

Clinical Application Disorders of Joints:

dislocation

A

bones are forced out of alignment or out of socket

49
Q

Clinical Application Disorders of Joints:

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa

50
Q

Clinical Application Disorders of Joints:

tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendon sheath

51
Q

Clinical Application Disorders of Joints:

arthritis

A

inflammation of degeneration of joint

52
Q

Clinical Application Disorders of Joints:

osteoarthritis

A

breakdown of articular cartilage

53
Q

Clinical Application Disorders of Joints:

rheumatoid

A

joint tenderness and stiffness

54
Q

Clinical Application Disorders of Joints:

gouty

A

accumulation of uric acid crystals- abrasion

55
Q

Clinical Application Disorders of Joints:

lyme disease

A

bacterial infection

56
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

flexion

A

decrease angle of joint

57
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

extension

A

increase angle of joint- straighten

58
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

hyperextension

A

excessive extension (> 180 degrees)

59
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

dorsiflexion

A

bending the foot upward

60
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

plantar flexion

A

bending the foot downward

61
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

abduction

A

moving away from the midline

62
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

adduction

A

moving toward the midline

63
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

rotation

A

moving around an axis

arm or head side to side?

64
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

cirucumduction

A

moving one end in a circular motion

65
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

supination

A

turning the palm upward

66
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

pronation

A

turning the palm downward

67
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

eversion

A

turning the sole of the foot outward

68
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

inversion

A

turning the sole of the foot inward

69
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

protraction

A

pushing outward-away from the body

70
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

retraction

A

pulling inward- toward the body

71
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

elevation

A

lifting upward; jaw or shoulders

72
Q

Types of joint movement (vocabulary)

depression

A

lowering; jaw or shoulders

biology 2401 (3 decks)

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