Muscle System

Question 1

What does Muscle Tissue do? (properties)

Answer 1

Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, and Elasticity

Question 2

Contractility

Answer 2

The ability of muscle cells to shorten

Question 3

Excitability

Answer 3

The ability to respond to a stimulus

Question 4

Extensibility

Answer 4

The ability of a muscle to be stretched/extended

Question 5

Elasticity

Answer 5

The ability to recoil after stretched

Question 6

Primary Functions of Muscle Tissue

Answer 6

Movement, support, posture, temperature, regulation, and communication

Question 7

Types of Muscle Tissue

Answer 7

Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth

Question 8

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Answer 8

Type of muscle tissue attached to bones

Question 9

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Answer 9

Type of muscle tissue found in the heart

Question 10

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Answer 10

Type of muscle tissue found in the walls of organs

Question 11

Connective Tissue and Fascicles

Answer 11

Epimysium, Perimysium, and Endomysium

Question 12

Epimysium

Answer 12

Dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

Question 13

Perimysium

Answer 13

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle (each group of muscle tissue)

Question 14

Endomysium

Answer 14

A fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle cell

Question 15

Connective Tissue and Sheaths

Answer 15

• Continuous with tendons
• When muscle fibers contract, pull is exerted on all layers of connective tissue and tendons
• Sheaths provide elasticity, carry blood vessels, and nerves

Question 16

Nerves

Answer 16

Cables that carry electrical impulses between the brain and rest of the body

Question 17

Blood Vessels

Answer 17

The channels which blood is distributed to body tissue

Question 18

Muscle Attachments

Answer 18

The places where a muscle attaches on a bone

Question 19

Myofibrils

Answer 19

Long contractile organelle found in muscle tissue

Question 20

Sacomeres

Answer 20

The main contractile unit of muscle fiber in the skeletal muscle

Question 21

Basic Units of Contraction in Skeletal Muscle

Answer 21

Z-Disc, Thin (actin) Filaments, Thick (myosin) Filaments

Question 22

Z-Disc

Answer 22

Boundaries of each sarcomere

Question 23

Thin (actin) Filaments

Answer 23

Extend from the z-disc towards the center of the sarcomere

Question 24

Thick (myosin) Filaments

Answer 24

Located in the center of the sarcomere

Question 25

Muscle Tone (Factors)

Answer 25

Structure of the Muscle and Active Muscle Tone

Question 26

Structure of the Muscle

Answer 26

Inside the connective tissue and size of the elastin component (thin)

Question 27

Active Muscle Tone

Answer 27

The number of motor units stimulated even with the muscle being at rest

Question 28

Muscle Contraction (Sliding Filament Model of Muscle Movement)

Answer 28

1. Calcium ions bind to troponin on actins active site 2. Myosin binds actin to form a cross-bridge 3. Phosphate is released 4. A new molecule of ATP replaces ADP 5. Cross-bridges break and the cycle repeats

Question 29

Movement and Force Generation Definitions

Answer 29

Origin, Insertion, Agonist, Antagonist, and Synergist

Question 30

Origin

Answer 30

Muscles proximal attachment

Question 31

Insertion

Answer 31

Muscles distal attachment

Question 32

Agonist

Answer 32

Muscle/muscle groups

Question 33

Antagonist

Answer 33

Opposing muscle/muscle groups; slows down limbs during fast movement

Question 34

Synergist

Answer 34

Muscles that stabilize the body during movement, but are not responsible for the movement itself

Question 35

Types of Muscle Actions

Answer 35

Isotonic (concentric, esentric) and Isometric

Question 36

Isotonic

Answer 36

Contractions that involve the shortening of the muscle

Question 37

Isometric

Answer 37

A change in muscle tension without change in muscle length

Question 38

Muscle Fiber Alignment

Answer 38

Pennate Muscle, Angle of Pennation, More Pennation, and Less Pennation

Question 39

Pennate Muscle

Answer 39

Fibers attach obliquely (on an angle) to its tendon

Question 40

Angle of Pennation

Answer 40

Angle between the muscle fibers and the longitudinal axis of muscle force generation

Question 41

More Pennation

Answer 41

Greater force, less velocity

Question 42

Less Pennation

Answer 42

Lower force, higher velocity