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BIO131 Final > Muscle System > Flashcards

Muscle System Flashcards

1
Q

What does Muscle Tissue do? (properties)

A

Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, and Elasticity

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2
Q

Contractility

A

The ability of muscle cells to shorten

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3
Q

Excitability

A

The ability to respond to a stimulus

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4
Q

Extensibility

A

The ability of a muscle to be stretched/extended

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5
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability to recoil after stretched

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6
Q

Primary Functions of Muscle Tissue

A

Movement, support, posture, temperature, regulation, and communication

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7
Q

Types of Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth

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8
Q

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

A

Type of muscle tissue attached to bones

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9
Q

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

A

Type of muscle tissue found in the heart

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10
Q

Smooth Muscle Tissue

A

Type of muscle tissue found in the walls of organs

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11
Q

Connective Tissue and Fascicles

A

Epimysium, Perimysium, and Endomysium

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12
Q

Epimysium

A

Dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

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13
Q

Perimysium

A

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle (each group of muscle tissue)

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14
Q

Endomysium

A

A fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle cell

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15
Q

Connective Tissue and Sheaths

A
  • Continuous with tendons
  • When muscle fibers contract, pull is exerted on all layers of connective tissue and tendons
  • Sheaths provide elasticity, carry blood vessels, and nerves
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16
Q

Nerves

A

Cables that carry electrical impulses between the brain and rest of the body

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17
Q

Blood Vessels

A

The channels which blood is distributed to body tissue

18
Q

Muscle Attachments

A

The places where a muscle attaches on a bone

19
Q

Myofibrils

A

Long contractile organelle found in muscle tissue

20
Q

Sacomeres

A

The main contractile unit of muscle fiber in the skeletal muscle

21
Q

Basic Units of Contraction in Skeletal Muscle

A

Z-Disc, Thin (actin) Filaments, Thick (myosin) Filaments

22
Q

Z-Disc

A

Boundaries of each sarcomere

23
Q

Thin (actin) Filaments

A

Extend from the z-disc towards the center of the sarcomere

24
Q

Thick (myosin) Filaments

A

Located in the center of the sarcomere

25
Q

Muscle Tone (Factors)

A

Structure of the Muscle and Active Muscle Tone

26
Q

Structure of the Muscle

A

Inside the connective tissue and size of the elastin component (thin)

27
Q

Active Muscle Tone

A

The number of motor units stimulated even with the muscle being at rest

28
Q

Muscle Contraction (Sliding Filament Model of Muscle Movement)

A
  1. Calcium ions bind to troponin on actins active site
  2. Myosin binds actin to form a cross-bridge
  3. Phosphate is released
  4. A new molecule of ATP replaces ADP
  5. Cross-bridges break and the cycle repeats
29
Q

Movement and Force Generation Definitions

A

Origin, Insertion, Agonist, Antagonist, and Synergist

30
Q

Origin

A

Muscles proximal attachment

31
Q

Insertion

A

Muscles distal attachment

32
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle/muscle groups

33
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposing muscle/muscle groups; slows down limbs during fast movement

34
Q

Synergist

A

Muscles that stabilize the body during movement, but are not responsible for the movement itself

35
Q

Types of Muscle Actions

A

Isotonic (concentric, esentric) and Isometric

36
Q

Isotonic

A

Contractions that involve the shortening of the muscle

37
Q

Isometric

A

A change in muscle tension without change in muscle length

38
Q

Muscle Fiber Alignment

A

Pennate Muscle, Angle of Pennation, More Pennation, and Less Pennation

39
Q

Pennate Muscle

A

Fibers attach obliquely (on an angle) to its tendon

40
Q

Angle of Pennation

A

Angle between the muscle fibers and the longitudinal axis of muscle force generation

41
Q

More Pennation

A

Greater force, less velocity

42
Q

Less Pennation

A

Lower force, higher velocity

BIO131 Final (7 decks)

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