Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPT 516 > Muscle Pathophysiology and Treatment > Flashcards

Muscle Pathophysiology and Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

how does age influence muscle performance?

A

as you age, the CSA of type 2 fibers decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 factors that influence muscle performance?

A

age, temperature, and immobilization/disuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does temperature affect muscle performance?

A

as temperature increases, so does elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does immobilization/disuse influence muscles performance?

A

if a muscle is immobilized in a shortened position, it will be injured with less force/stretch (the opposite is true of lengthened)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is muscle tone?

A

the resistance to stretch in resting muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what contributes to normal resting tone?

A

titan and weak actin-myosin bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the role of weak actin-myosin bonds in muscle tone?

A

they provide resistance to stretch post prolonged contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some different muscles injuries?

A

excessive strain

contusions

excessive tension

lacerations

thermal stress

myotoxic agents

some local anesthetic agents

excessive use of corticosteroids

snake and bee venom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what 2 muscles injuries make up 90% of muscles injuries?

A

excessive strain and contusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is contusion?

A

heavy compressive forces or direct blow causes a hematoma to develop intramuscularly or intermuscularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is an intramuscular contusion hematoma?

A

the size of the muscle is limited by the fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can intramuscular contusion hematoma lead to?

A

compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is intramuscular contusion hematoma associated with?

A

muscles strain and bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which contusion hematoma is associated with more pain and loss of function?

A

intramuscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is intermuscular contusion hematoma?

A

ruptured muscles fascia causes blood to leak into interfacial and interstitial spaces causing less severe pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a strain?

A

excessive pulling force on a muscle causing overstretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the contributors to strain?

A

inadequate flexibility, strength, endurance, or rehab of previous injury

dyssynergistic muscle contraction

insufficient warm up

inadequate warm up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 2 classifications of muscle injuries?

A

exercise-induced muscles injury (DOMS)

contusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what causes exercise induced muscle injury?

A

increased activity

unaccustomed activity

excessive eccentric work

viral infection

secondary to muscles cell damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a first degree (mild) strain?

A

minimal structural damage

minimal hemorrhage

early resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a 2nd degree (moderate) strain?

A

partial tear

large spectrum of injury

significant early functional loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a 3rd degree (severe) strain?

A

complete tear

may require aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is aspiration?

A

using a needle to draw fluid out of a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does yellow/clear fluid indicate in aspiration?

A

joint fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does red fluid indicate in aspiration?

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does serosanguinous fluid in aspiration looks like and mean?

A

pinkish red fluid that indicates some level of bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what muscles are most at risk for strain?

A

long fusiform muscles that cross 2 joints

muscles with propensity for eccentric contraction (hamstrings, quads, medial gastrocs, biceps brachii)

28
Q

what is a common site for muscle strain?

A

at the musculotendinous junction

29
Q

why is the musculotendinous junction a common site for muscle strain?

A

bc this is an area where compliant muscles fibers become noncompliant tendon

30
Q

what are factors that could induce strain?

A

sudden overstretch

sudden contraction

decelerating limb

insufficient warm-up

lack of flexibility

steroid use

previous muscle injury

collagen disease

31
Q

does muscle have regenerative capacity?

A

yes, muscles have a significant regenerative capacity bc muscle tissue can replace itself with muscle tissue

32
Q

t/f: muscle has a similar healing process regardless of cause of injury

A

true!

33
Q

the outcomes and time of healing of muscles depend on what 3 things?

A

type of injury, severity, and extent of injury

34
Q

does pathology of muscle injury depend on the cause of injury?

A

yes

35
Q

what is a potential consequence of muscle injury?

A

atrophy

36
Q

what type of muscles have an increased potential for atrophy than antagonists?

A

antigravity muscles (ie. quads)

37
Q

t/f: stronger, more flexible muscle heals faster and is less prone to injury

A

true!

38
Q

what are the 3 phases of muscle healing?

A
  1. destruction phase
  2. repair phase
  3. remodeling phase
39
Q

what is the destruction phase of muscle healing?

A

extensive proliferation of satellite cells that become myoblasts in the first few days post injury

cells maintain mitotic abilities and go through the cell cycle

40
Q

what is the destruction phase of muscle healing characterized by?

A

necrosis, degeneration, and hematoma and edema

41
Q

what is the repair phase of muscle healing?

A

hematoma formation fills the gaps b/w ruptured fibers

coagulation releases anaphylatoxins that activate sentinel cells triggering the inflammatory response and satellite cells to proliferate to reconstruct the injured site

42
Q

what happens in the first day under the repair phase of muscle healing?

A

invasion of inflammatory cells including phagocytes

43
Q

what happens in the 1st week of healing under the repair phase of muscle healing?

A

the injury is at it’s weakest point of the musculotendonous unit

44
Q

what happens in the 1st few weeks of healing under the repair phase of muscle healing?

A

myofibers grow and mature

45
Q

what happens in the final stage of the regenerative process?

A

integration of neural elements and formation of a functional neuromuscular junction

46
Q

it is expected that there will be a return to function provided that there is…

A

continuity of the muscles fiber and innervation, vascular supply, and an intact ECM

47
Q

what is the remodeling phase of muscle healing?

A

regenerated muscle matures and contracts with reorganization of the scar tissue

restoration of normal capacity and increased tensile strength over time

restoring the type 1 to type 3 collagen proportions

48
Q

why do we need proper controlled mobility post acute phase?

A

it allows for scar formation, muscles regeneration, better fiber orientation, and normalization of tensile properties of muscles

49
Q

t/f: prevention is easier than treatment of muscles injuries

A

true!

50
Q

what are the treatments of muscle injuries?

A

prevention

patient education

controlled mobility

meds and modalities

ROM

51
Q

what is the role of patient education in healing?

A

managing patient expectations

52
Q

what is the typical progression of muscles injury PT?

A

PROM–>AAROM–> submaximal isometrics–> more maximal isometrics–> PREs isotonic

53
Q

what are the effects of long term muscle immobility?

A

prolonged shortening: lose sarcomeres

prolonged lengthening: gain sarcomeres

54
Q

what are the effects of short term immobility?

A

increased resistance to passive stretch through weak actin-myosin bonds

55
Q

with a slow stretch, cross bridges have ____ time to detach

A

more

56
Q

with a fast stretch, cross bridges have ____ time to detach

A

no

57
Q

what is an example of a fast stretch consequence?

A

stretch reflex

58
Q

what is muscle fatigue?

A

diminished response to repeated stimuli due to progressive deteriment of motor unit potentials leading to gradual decline in force production

59
Q

what factors is muscle fatigue related to that may cause it?

A

decreased energy stores, oxygen, sensitivity, and availability of intracellular Ca2+

build up of H+

60
Q

what are the signs of muscle fatigue?

A

discomfort (pain and cramping)

shaking/trembling contraction

contractions slow with reps

jerky, inconsistent movements

movement substitution

inability to continue low-intensity activity

inability to complete movement

decline in peak torque w/isokinetics

61
Q

what are the signs of form fatigue?

A

jerky, inconsistent movements

movement substitution

inability to complete movement

62
Q

what factors influence muscle fatigue?

A

health status

diet

lifestyle

environment factors

63
Q

proteins in elderly are ___

A

reduced

64
Q

vitamin D influences what 2 things?

A

type 2 muscles fibers and NTs

65
Q

what is the role of B12 and folic acid in muscles?

A

correct homocysteine levels associated with CV disease, lower quad strength, and gait speed

66
Q

how does reduced acid-producing diet affect muscle?

A

an acid-producing diet stimulates muscle catabolism

67
Q

antioxidants can reduce what in elderly?

A

sarcopenia

DPT 516 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions