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AP 700 - Gross Anatomy I > Muscle Origins & Insertions > Flashcards

Muscle Origins & Insertions Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial pectoral m.

A

Origin: sternum

Insertion: crest of greater tubercle and cranial humeral border

Action: adduct the thoracic limb

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2
Q

Deep pectoral m.

A

Origin: sternum

Insertion: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus

Action: adduct thoracic limb and pull it caudally

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3
Q

Brachiocephalicus m.

A

Origin: clavicular intersection

Insertion:

cleidobrachialis: distal cranial humerus

cleidocephalicus:

mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone

cervical part: dorsal midline of neck

Action: pull thoracic limb cranially (and/or) depress and pull head and neck laterally

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4
Q

Omotransversarius m.

A

Cranial-most attachment: wing of atlas

Caudal-most attachment: distal spine of scapula

Action: pull thoracic limb cranially (and/or) depress and pull head and neck laterally

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5
Q

Trapezius m.

A

Origin:

cervical part: dorsal neck

thoracic part: dorsal thorax

Insertion: spine of the scapula

Action: elevate the thoracic limb

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6
Q

Rhomboideus m.

A

Origin:

rhomboideus thoracis: dorsal thorax

rhomboideus cervicis: dorsal neck

rhomboideus capitis: nuchal crest of occipital bone

Insertion: dorsal border of scapula and/or scapular cartilage

Action: elevate the thoracic limb

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7
Q

Serratus ventralis m.

A

Origin:

serratus ventralis cervicis: cervical vertebrae

serratus ventralis thorais: thoracic wall (ribs)

Insertion: serrated face of scapula

Action: support and/or elevate the trunk

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8
Q

Latissimus dorsi m.

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: teres major tuberosity

Action: draw the thoracic limb caudally, flex or extend the humeral joint

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9
Q

Sternocephalicus m.

A

Origin: sternum

Insertion:

mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone

occipital part: occipital bone

Action: depress head and neck; draw head and neck laterally

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10
Q

Stenohyoideus m.

A

Origin: sternum

Insertion: basihyoid bone

Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally

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11
Q

Sternothyroideus m.

A

Origin: cranial aspect of sternum or ribcage

Insertion: thyroid cartilage

Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally

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12
Q

Deltoideus m.

A

Origin: spine of the scapula and acromion

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Action: extend the humeral joint

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13
Q

Supraspinatus m.

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: flex humeral joint (varies); abduct limb at humeral joint

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14
Q

Infraspinatus m.

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: flex the humoral joint; abduct the limb at humeral joint

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15
Q

Teres minor m.

A

ID only

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16
Q

Subscapularis m.

A

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: adduct limb at humeral joint

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17
Q

Teres major m.

A

Origin: caudal border of scapula

Insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus

Action: flex the humeral joint

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18
Q

Coracobrachialis m.

A

Origin: coracoid process of scapula

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19
Q

Biceps brachii m.

A

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion: radial and ulnar tuberosities

Action: flex the cubital joint and extend the humeral joint

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20
Q

Brachialis m.

A

Origin: brachial groove of humerus

Insertion: proximal radius and ulna

Action: flex the cubital joint

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21
Q

Triceps brachii m.

(long, lateral, medial and accessory heads)

A

Origin: caudal border of scapula (long head); proximal humerus (other heads)

Insertion: tuber olecrani

Action: extend the cubital joint (all heads); flex the humeral joint (long head)

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22
Q

Tensor fasciae antebrachii m.

A

Origin: latissimus dorsi and associated fascia

Insetion: tuber olecrani

Action: extend the cubital joint

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23
Q

Extensor carpi radialis m.

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: dorsal base of second and third metacarpal bones

Action: extend the carpal joints

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24
Q

Common digital extensor m.

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: extensor processes of the distal phalanges

Action: extend the carpal and digital joints

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25
Q

Lateral digital extensor m.

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: distal phalanges of lateral digit(s)

Action: extend the carpal and digital joints of the lateral-most digits

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26
Q

Ulnaris lateralis m.

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: accessory carpal bone and lateral base of 5th metacarpal bone

Action: flex the carpal joints; abduct the manus

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27
Q

Supinator m.

A

ID only

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28
Q

Abductor pollicis longus.

A

ID only

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29
Q

Brachioradialis m.

A

Not visible on most specimens.

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: fascia near the carpus

Action: flexes the cubital joint and supinates the manus

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30
Q

Flexor carpi radialis m.

A

Origin: medical epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: palmar base of metacarpal bones 2 and 3

Action: flex the carpal joints

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31
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris m.

A

Origin: medial epicondyle and olecrenon

Insertion: accessory carpal bone

Action: flex the carpal joint

(humeral and ulnar heads!)

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32
Q

Superficial digital flexor m.

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: middle phalanges of the digits (palmar aspects)

Action: flex the carpal joints, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints

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33
Q

Deep digital flexor m.

A

Origin: humerus (medial epicondyle), radius, ulna

Insertion: flexor tubercules of distal phalanges

Action: flex the carpal and distal joints

34
Q

Pronator teres m.

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: medial body of radius

Action: weak elbow flexion and weak pronation of the manus

35
Q

Pronator quadratus m.

A

Attachments: apposed surfaces of the radius and the ulna

Action: pronation of the manus

36
Q

Interossei muscles (assocaited with proximal sesamoid bones)

A

Origin: palmar base of respective metacarpal bone

Insertion: palmar base of respective proximal phalanx (& tendon of common digital extensor dorsally)

Action: flexes and supports metacarpophalangeal joint

37
Q

Tensor fasciae latae m.

A

Origin: tuber coxae

Insertion: fascia lata

Action: tense the fascia lata (flex the coxal joint and extend the genual joint)

38
Q

Superficial gluteal m.

A

Origin: sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: third trochanter of the femur

Action: abduct the limb

39
Q

Middle gluteal m.

A

Origin: gluteal surface of the ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur

Action: extend the coxal joint; abduct the limb; rotate pelvic limb medially

40
Q

Piriformis m.

A

Origin: sacrum and first caudal vertebra

Insertion: greater trochanter

Action: extend the coxal joint

41
Q

Deep gluteal m.

A

Origin: body of the ilium and ischiatic spine

Insertion: greater trochanter (deep to the middle gluteal m.)

Action: abduct the limb and extend the coxal joint

42
Q

Articularis coxae m.

A

ID only

surgical landmark

43
Q

External obturator m.

A

Origin: ventral aspect of os coxae around obturator foramen

Insertion: trochanteric fossa (of femur)

Action: adduct and/or rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint

44
Q

Gemelli m.

A

Origin: lateral aspect of ischium

Insertion: trochanteric fossa

Action: rotate the limb laterally

(tendon of the internal obturator splits it)

45
Q

Quadratus femoris m.

A

Origin: ventral aspect of ischium

Insertion: caudal femur near the trochanteric fossa

Action: extend coxal joint; adduct and/or rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint

46
Q

Biceps femoris m.

BiTe GG SDF

A

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: patella, tibia, and tuber calcanei

Action: extend the coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint; extend the tarsocrual joint

47
Q

Semitendinosus m.

BiTe GG SDF

A

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity

Insertion: tibia and tuber calcanei

Action: extend the coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

48
Q

Semimembranosus m.

A

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity

Insertion: distal femur and proximal tibia

Action: extend coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint

49
Q

Sartorius m.

(cranial and caudal bellies)

A

Origin: crest of ilium

Insertion: medial aspect of the genual region

Action: flex the coxal joint; extend (cr.) or flex (cd.) the genual joint

50
Q

Gracilis m.

BiTe GG SDF

A

Origin: pelvic symphysis

Insertion: medial aspect of the genual region

Action: adduct the limb, extend the coxal joint; flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

51
Q

Pectineus m.

A

Origin: iliopubic eminence

Insertion: distal body of femur

Action: adduct the limb

52
Q

Adductor m.

A

Origin: ventral surface of os coxae

Insertion: caudal surface of femur

Action: adduct the limb and extend the coxal joint

53
Q

Quadriceps femoris m.

(rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis)

A

Origin: rectus femoris - ilium; other 3 heads - proximal femur

Inserion: tibial tuberosity

Action: flex the coxal joint (rectus femoris); extend the genual joint (all heads)

54
Q

Illiopsoas m.

A

Origin: ilium and lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: lesser trochanter

Action: flex the coxal joint

55
Q

Cranial tibial m.

A

Origin: lateral aspect of proximal tibia

Insertion: plantar base of metarsal bones 1 and 2

Action: flex the tarsocrural joint and rotate paw laterally

56
Q

Long digital extensor m.

or

Fibularis longus m.

A

Origin: extensor fossa of femur

Insertion: extensor process of the distal phalanges

Action: extend the genual joint; flex the tarsocrural joint; extend the digital joints

57
Q

Lateral digital extensor m.

A

Origin: proximal aspect of the fibula

Insertion: lateral digits

Action: flex the tarsocrural joint; extend the digital joints

58
Q

Peroneus longus m.

A

Origin: lateral collateral ligament of the genual joint

Insertion: 4th tarsal bone and plantar base of metatarsal bones

Action: flex the tarsocrural joint

59
Q

Gastrocnemius m.

(medial and lateral heads)

BiTe GG SDF

A

Origin: distal caudal femur

Insertion: tuber calcanei of the calcaneus

Action: flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint

60
Q

Superficial digital flexor m.

BiTe GG SDF

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur

Insertion: tuber calcanei and bases of middle phalanges

Action: flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint; flex the metararsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

61
Q

Deep digital flexor m.

A

Origin: proximal caudal aspect of the tibia and fibula

Inserion: flexor tubercule of distal phalanges

Action: extend the tarsocrural joint; flex the digital joints

62
Q

Popliteus m.

A

Origin: popliteal fossa of the femur

Inserion: proximal caudal aspect of tibia

Action: proprioception

63
Q

Interosseous m.

A

Origin: plantar base of respective metatarsal bone

Insterion: plantar base of respective proximal phalanx

Action: flexes and suports metatarsophalangeal joint

64
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

Superficial cervical lymph nodes

Popliteal lymph nodes

65
Q

External abdominal oblique m.

(caudoventrally)

A

Origin: last ribs and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: aproneurosis of linea alba

Hypaxial

66
Q

Internal abdominal oblique m.

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, tuber coxae, inguinal ligament

Insertion: aproneurosis of costal arch, rectis abdominis, linea alba, prepubic tendon

Hypaxial

67
Q

Rectus abdominis m.

A

Attachments: pectin of pubis and sternum

Action: flex thoracolumbar portion of vertebral column

68
Q

Transversus abdominus m.

A

Origin: last ribs, trasverse process of lumbar vertebrae by thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: aproneurosis of lineal alba and prepubic tendon

69
Q

Longus capitis m.

A

Origin: transverse process of cervial vertebrae

Insertion: basioccipital bone of skull

70
Q

Longus colli m.

A

Attachments: 6th thoracic vertebrae and atlas

71
Q

Scalenus m.

A

Attachment: 1st few ribs and cervical vertebrae

Action: inspiration

72
Q

Serratus dorsalis cranialis m.

A

Origin: aproneurosis deep to rhomboideus

Insertion: cranial lateral surface of ribs

Action: lifts ribs for inspiration

(caudoventral)

73
Q

Serratus dorsalis caudalis m.

A

Origin: aproneurosis of thracolumbar fascia

Insertion: caudal borders of last 3 ribs

Action: drawing the last 3 ribs for expiration

(cranioventral)

74
Q

External intercostal rib m.

A

Draw ribs together

(caudoventral)

75
Q

Internal intercostal rib m.

A

Draw ribs together

(cranioventral)

76
Q

Iliocostalis system

A

Wing of ilium to ribs

77
Q

Longissimus system

A

Ilium to head

78
Q

Transversospinalis system

A

Sacrum to head

79
Q

Splenius

A

Part of the transversospinalis system

80
Q

Semispinalis capitis m.

A

Part of the transversospinalis system

Biventer cervicis

Complexus

Epaxial

AP 700 - Gross Anatomy I (8 decks)

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