Muscle Origins & Insertions Flashcards
Superficial pectoral m.
Origin: sternum
Insertion: crest of greater tubercle and cranial humeral border
Action: adduct the thoracic limb
Deep pectoral m.
Origin: sternum
Insertion: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus
Action: adduct thoracic limb and pull it caudally
Brachiocephalicus m.
Origin: clavicular intersection
Insertion:
cleidobrachialis: distal cranial humerus
cleidocephalicus:
mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone
cervical part: dorsal midline of neck
Action: pull thoracic limb cranially (and/or) depress and pull head and neck laterally
Omotransversarius m.
Cranial-most attachment: wing of atlas
Caudal-most attachment: distal spine of scapula
Action: pull thoracic limb cranially (and/or) depress and pull head and neck laterally
Trapezius m.
Origin:
cervical part: dorsal neck
thoracic part: dorsal thorax
Insertion: spine of the scapula
Action: elevate the thoracic limb
Rhomboideus m.
Origin:
rhomboideus thoracis: dorsal thorax
rhomboideus cervicis: dorsal neck
rhomboideus capitis: nuchal crest of occipital bone
Insertion: dorsal border of scapula and/or scapular cartilage
Action: elevate the thoracic limb
Serratus ventralis m.
Origin:
serratus ventralis cervicis: cervical vertebrae
serratus ventralis thorais: thoracic wall (ribs)
Insertion: serrated face of scapula
Action: support and/or elevate the trunk
Latissimus dorsi m.
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: teres major tuberosity
Action: draw the thoracic limb caudally, flex or extend the humeral joint
Sternocephalicus m.
Origin: sternum
Insertion:
mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone
occipital part: occipital bone
Action: depress head and neck; draw head and neck laterally
Stenohyoideus m.
Origin: sternum
Insertion: basihyoid bone
Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally
Sternothyroideus m.
Origin: cranial aspect of sternum or ribcage
Insertion: thyroid cartilage
Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally
Deltoideus m.
Origin: spine of the scapula and acromion
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: extend the humeral joint
Supraspinatus m.
Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: flex humeral joint (varies); abduct limb at humeral joint
Infraspinatus m.
Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: flex the humoral joint; abduct the limb at humeral joint
Teres minor m.
ID only
Subscapularis m.
Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: adduct limb at humeral joint
Teres major m.
Origin: caudal border of scapula
Insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint
Coracobrachialis m.
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Biceps brachii m.
Origin: supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: radial and ulnar tuberosities
Action: flex the cubital joint and extend the humeral joint
Brachialis m.
Origin: brachial groove of humerus
Insertion: proximal radius and ulna
Action: flex the cubital joint
Triceps brachii m.
(long, lateral, medial and accessory heads)
Origin: caudal border of scapula (long head); proximal humerus (other heads)
Insertion: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint (all heads); flex the humeral joint (long head)
Tensor fasciae antebrachii m.
Origin: latissimus dorsi and associated fascia
Insetion: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint
Extensor carpi radialis m.
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: dorsal base of second and third metacarpal bones
Action: extend the carpal joints
Common digital extensor m.
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: extensor processes of the distal phalanges
Action: extend the carpal and digital joints
Lateral digital extensor m.
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: distal phalanges of lateral digit(s)
Action: extend the carpal and digital joints of the lateral-most digits
Ulnaris lateralis m.
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: accessory carpal bone and lateral base of 5th metacarpal bone
Action: flex the carpal joints; abduct the manus
Supinator m.
ID only
Abductor pollicis longus.
ID only
Brachioradialis m.
Not visible on most specimens.
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: fascia near the carpus
Action: flexes the cubital joint and supinates the manus
Flexor carpi radialis m.
Origin: medical epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: palmar base of metacarpal bones 2 and 3
Action: flex the carpal joints
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
Origin: medial epicondyle and olecrenon
Insertion: accessory carpal bone
Action: flex the carpal joint
(humeral and ulnar heads!)
Superficial digital flexor m.
Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: middle phalanges of the digits (palmar aspects)
Action: flex the carpal joints, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints
Deep digital flexor m.
Origin: humerus (medial epicondyle), radius, ulna
Insertion: flexor tubercules of distal phalanges
Action: flex the carpal and distal joints
Pronator teres m.
Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: medial body of radius
Action: weak elbow flexion and weak pronation of the manus
Pronator quadratus m.
Attachments: apposed surfaces of the radius and the ulna
Action: pronation of the manus
Interossei muscles (assocaited with proximal sesamoid bones)
Origin: palmar base of respective metacarpal bone
Insertion: palmar base of respective proximal phalanx (& tendon of common digital extensor dorsally)
Action: flexes and supports metacarpophalangeal joint
Tensor fasciae latae m.
Origin: tuber coxae
Insertion: fascia lata
Action: tense the fascia lata (flex the coxal joint and extend the genual joint)
Superficial gluteal m.
Origin: sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: third trochanter of the femur
Action: abduct the limb
Middle gluteal m.
Origin: gluteal surface of the ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur
Action: extend the coxal joint; abduct the limb; rotate pelvic limb medially
Piriformis m.
Origin: sacrum and first caudal vertebra
Insertion: greater trochanter
Action: extend the coxal joint
Deep gluteal m.
Origin: body of the ilium and ischiatic spine
Insertion: greater trochanter (deep to the middle gluteal m.)
Action: abduct the limb and extend the coxal joint
Articularis coxae m.
ID only
surgical landmark
External obturator m.
Origin: ventral aspect of os coxae around obturator foramen
Insertion: trochanteric fossa (of femur)
Action: adduct and/or rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint
Gemelli m.
Origin: lateral aspect of ischium
Insertion: trochanteric fossa
Action: rotate the limb laterally
(tendon of the internal obturator splits it)
Quadratus femoris m.
Origin: ventral aspect of ischium
Insertion: caudal femur near the trochanteric fossa
Action: extend coxal joint; adduct and/or rotate the limb laterally at the coxal joint
Biceps femoris m.
BiTe GG SDF
Origin: ischiatic tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: patella, tibia, and tuber calcanei
Action: extend the coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint; extend the tarsocrual joint
Semitendinosus m.
BiTe GG SDF
Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion: tibia and tuber calcanei
Action: extend the coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint
Semimembranosus m.
Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion: distal femur and proximal tibia
Action: extend coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint
Sartorius m.
(cranial and caudal bellies)
Origin: crest of ilium
Insertion: medial aspect of the genual region
Action: flex the coxal joint; extend (cr.) or flex (cd.) the genual joint
Gracilis m.
BiTe GG SDF
Origin: pelvic symphysis
Insertion: medial aspect of the genual region
Action: adduct the limb, extend the coxal joint; flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint
Pectineus m.
Origin: iliopubic eminence
Insertion: distal body of femur
Action: adduct the limb
Adductor m.
Origin: ventral surface of os coxae
Insertion: caudal surface of femur
Action: adduct the limb and extend the coxal joint
Quadriceps femoris m.
(rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis)
Origin: rectus femoris - ilium; other 3 heads - proximal femur
Inserion: tibial tuberosity
Action: flex the coxal joint (rectus femoris); extend the genual joint (all heads)
Illiopsoas m.
Origin: ilium and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Action: flex the coxal joint
Cranial tibial m.
Origin: lateral aspect of proximal tibia
Insertion: plantar base of metarsal bones 1 and 2
Action: flex the tarsocrural joint and rotate paw laterally
Long digital extensor m.
or
Fibularis longus m.
Origin: extensor fossa of femur
Insertion: extensor process of the distal phalanges
Action: extend the genual joint; flex the tarsocrural joint; extend the digital joints
Lateral digital extensor m.
Origin: proximal aspect of the fibula
Insertion: lateral digits
Action: flex the tarsocrural joint; extend the digital joints
Peroneus longus m.
Origin: lateral collateral ligament of the genual joint
Insertion: 4th tarsal bone and plantar base of metatarsal bones
Action: flex the tarsocrural joint
Gastrocnemius m.
(medial and lateral heads)
BiTe GG SDF
Origin: distal caudal femur
Insertion: tuber calcanei of the calcaneus
Action: flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint
Superficial digital flexor m.
BiTe GG SDF
Origin: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur
Insertion: tuber calcanei and bases of middle phalanges
Action: flex the genual joint; extend the tarsocrural joint; flex the metararsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
Deep digital flexor m.
Origin: proximal caudal aspect of the tibia and fibula
Inserion: flexor tubercule of distal phalanges
Action: extend the tarsocrural joint; flex the digital joints
Popliteus m.
Origin: popliteal fossa of the femur
Inserion: proximal caudal aspect of tibia
Action: proprioception
Interosseous m.
Origin: plantar base of respective metatarsal bone
Insterion: plantar base of respective proximal phalanx
Action: flexes and suports metatarsophalangeal joint
Lymph Nodes
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Popliteal lymph nodes
External abdominal oblique m.
(caudoventrally)
Origin: last ribs and thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: aproneurosis of linea alba
Hypaxial
Internal abdominal oblique m.
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, tuber coxae, inguinal ligament
Insertion: aproneurosis of costal arch, rectis abdominis, linea alba, prepubic tendon
Hypaxial
Rectus abdominis m.
Attachments: pectin of pubis and sternum
Action: flex thoracolumbar portion of vertebral column
Transversus abdominus m.
Origin: last ribs, trasverse process of lumbar vertebrae by thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: aproneurosis of lineal alba and prepubic tendon
Longus capitis m.
Origin: transverse process of cervial vertebrae
Insertion: basioccipital bone of skull
Longus colli m.
Attachments: 6th thoracic vertebrae and atlas
Scalenus m.
Attachment: 1st few ribs and cervical vertebrae
Action: inspiration
Serratus dorsalis cranialis m.
Origin: aproneurosis deep to rhomboideus
Insertion: cranial lateral surface of ribs
Action: lifts ribs for inspiration
(caudoventral)
Serratus dorsalis caudalis m.
Origin: aproneurosis of thracolumbar fascia
Insertion: caudal borders of last 3 ribs
Action: drawing the last 3 ribs for expiration
(cranioventral)
External intercostal rib m.
Draw ribs together
(caudoventral)
Internal intercostal rib m.
Draw ribs together
(cranioventral)
Iliocostalis system
Wing of ilium to ribs
Longissimus system
Ilium to head
Transversospinalis system
Sacrum to head
Splenius
Part of the transversospinalis system
Semispinalis capitis m.
Part of the transversospinalis system
Biventer cervicis
Complexus
Epaxial
