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AP 700 - Gross Anatomy I > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the lumbocostal arch contain?

A

Sympathetic Trunk & Major Splanchnic N.

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2
Q

What does the aortic hiatus contain?

A

Aorta, Azygos Vein, & Thoracic Duct

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3
Q

What does the esophageal hiatus contain?

A

Esophagus, Dorsal & Ventral Vagal Trunks

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4
Q

What does the caval foramen contain?

A

Caudal Vena Cava

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5
Q

What thoracic outlet contains the sympathetic trunk and major splanchnic nerve?

A

Lumbocostal Arch

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6
Q

What thoracic outlet contains the aorta, azygos vein, and the thoracic duct?

A

Aortic Hiatus

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7
Q

What thoracic outlet contains the esophagus, dorsal and ventral vagal trunks?

A

Esophageal Hiatus

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8
Q

What thoracic outlet contains the caudal vena cava?

A

Caval Foramen

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9
Q

Which ribs are the sternal or “true” rubs?

A

Ribs 1-9

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10
Q

Which ribs are the asternal or “false” ribs?

A

Ribs 10-13

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11
Q

What makes up the costal arch?

A

The united costal cartilages of ribs 10-12.

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12
Q

What rib(s) is/are the floating rib(s)?

A

Rib 13

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13
Q

What all is enclosed in the mediastinum?

A

Thymus, lymph nodes, heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, nerves and vessels, varying amounts of CT, and fat.

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14
Q

What is considered visceral pleura?

A

Pulmonary Pleura

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15
Q

What is considered parietal pleura?

A

Costal Pleura
Mediastinal Pleura
Diaphragmatic Pleura

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16
Q

What is pulmonary pleura considered?

A

Visceral Pleura

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17
Q

What is the costal, mediastinal, and diaphragmatic pleura considered?

A

Parietal Pleura

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18
Q

What are the 2 connecting pleuras?

A

Pulmonary Ligament

Plica Vena Cava

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19
Q

The pulmonary ligament and plica vena cava are what types of pleura?

A

Connecting Pleura

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20
Q

What are the boundaries of the line of pleural refletion?

A

Along the horizontal parts of the 8th & 9th costal cartilages, across the 10th & 11th ribs at the chostochondral junction, across the middle of the last rib, & cranially to the 12 intercostal space.

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21
Q

The pericardial sac or the “surgeon’s paricardium” is made up of what 3 layers?

A

Fibrous Pericardium
Parietal Serous Pericardium
Pericardial Mediastinal Pleura

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22
Q

Where is the cardiac notch located?

A

Low in the right 4th-5th intercostal space.

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23
Q

What artery provides the nutritional blood supply to the lungs and where does it come from?

A

Bronchoesophageal Artery

From the right 5th intercostal artery

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24
Q

What makes up the ausculatation triangle?

A

Caudal border of the triceps brachii m.
Lateral edge of epaxial muscles
Sternal end of 6th rib to 11th intercostal space

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25
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

The potential space where the diaphragmatic and costal parietal pleura are in contact with one another.

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26
Q

What are the 2 exceptions to standard blood flow? (Flows through 2 capillary beds.)

A

Hepatic Portal System

Hypothalamico-hypophyseal Portal System

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27
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart? (Outside to Inside)

A

Visceral Serous Pericardium (Epicardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium

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28
Q

Where is the location of the heart?

A

The 3rd to the 6th intercostal space.

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29
Q

What is the function of papillary muscles?

A

Prevent eversion of the A-V valves.

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30
Q

What is the order of the conduction system of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial Node
Atriventricular Node

Purkinje Fibers
Trabecula Septomarginalis

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31
Q

Where do the cardiac veins that drain the heart empty into?

A

Into the right atrium via the coronary sinus?

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32
Q

What is the function of pectinate muscles?

A

Strengthen the atrial wall in the right atrium. Confined to the auricle in the left atrium.

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33
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

Circumflex
Paraconal Interventricular
Septal

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34
Q

What is S1?

A

Closure of AV valves.

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35
Q

What is S2?

A

Closure of semilunar valves?

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36
Q

What intercostal space would you listen to the pulmonary valve?

A

Low in the left 3rd.

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37
Q

What intercostal space would you listen to the aortic vavle?

A

High in the left 4th.

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38
Q

What intercostal space would you listen to the left A-V valve?

A

Low in the left 5th.

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39
Q

What intercostal space would you listen to the right A-V valve?

A

Low in the right 4th-5th.

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40
Q

What receives lymph from 3/4 of the body?

A

Thoracic Duct

41
Q

Where does the thoracic duct empty?

A

Left Venous Angle

42
Q

What receives lymph from the right half of the head and neck and the right thoracic limb and shoulder?

A

Right Lymphatic Duct

43
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct empty?

A

Right Venous Angle

44
Q

What is the name of the structure that allows blood to pass through the liver in fetal circulation?

A

Ductus Venosus

45
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

46
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial and Spinal Nerves

47
Q

What is the function of a primary afferent neurons?

A

Conduct a sensory impulse from the periphery into the CNS.

48
Q

What is the function of a final efferent neuron?

A

Conduct a motor impulse from the CNS to an effector organ.

49
Q

What is the function of an interneuron?

A

Excitatory or Inhibitory

Interposed between afferent and efferent neurons.

50
Q

What is the direction of an afferent neuron?

A

Toward the CNS. Sensory.

51
Q

What is the direction of an efferent neuron?

A

Away from the CNS. Motor.

52
Q

What classification of peripheral neurons supply skeletal muscles of the body?

A

General Somatic Effect

53
Q

What classification of peripheral neurons supply smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

A

General Visceral Efferent

54
Q

What classification of peripheral neurons carry sensory information from the somatic body systems?

A

General Somatic Afferent

55
Q

What classification of peripheral neurons carry sensory information from the visceral body systems?

A

General Visceral Afferent

56
Q

What classification of peripheral neurons carry visual and auditory information?

A

Special Somatic Afferent

57
Q

What classification of peripheral neurons carry taste and smell sensations?

A

Special Visceral Afferent

58
Q

What part of the gray horn do GSAs go to?

A

Dorsal Horn

59
Q

What part of the gray horn do GVEs leave from?

A

Lateral Horn

60
Q

What part of the gray horn do GSEs leave from?

A

Ventral Horn

61
Q

What muscles do spinal nerve dorsal branches go to?

A

Epaxial

62
Q

What muscles do spinal nerve ventral branches go to?

A

Hypaxial

63
Q

What vertebrae are part of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

T1-L4

64
Q

What are the two connecting veins of the thoracic limb?

A

Median Cubital Vein

Axillobrachial Vein

65
Q

What parts of the body drain to the superficial cervical lymph node?

A

Thoracic limb, head, and neck

66
Q

Where does the superficial cervical lymph node drain to?

A

Thoracic duct on the left side and right tracheal trunk on the right.
External jugular vein.

67
Q

What parts of the body drain to the axillary lymph node?

A

First 3 mammary glands, shoulder and arm, bones, thoracic joints, muscles of the thoracic limb.

68
Q

Where does the axillary lymph node drain to?

A

External Jugular Vein

69
Q

What parts of the body drain to the accessory axillary lymph node?

A

First 3 mammary glands, skin of thoracic wall, shoulder, arm, and elbow.

70
Q

Where does the accessory axillary lymph node drain to?

A

Axillary Lymph Node

71
Q

What nerves form the brachial plexus?

A

C6, C7, C8, T1, T2

72
Q

What muscles does the cranial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Superficial pectoral muscles

73
Q

What muscles does the caudal pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Deep pectoral muscle

74
Q

What muscles does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

Serratus ventralis muscle

75
Q

What muscles does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

76
Q

What muscles does the lateral thoracic nerve innervate?

A

Cutaneus trunci muscle

77
Q

What muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

Supraspinatus muscle

Infraspinatus muscle

78
Q

What muscles does the subscapular nerve innervate?

A

Subscapularis muscle

79
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Flexor muscles of the cubital joint
Biceps brachii muscle
Brachialis muscle

80
Q

What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Flexor muscles of the humeral joint
Teres major muscle
Teres minor muscle
Deltoideus muscle

81
Q

What muscles does the superficial branch of the radial nerve innervate?

A

Skin only

82
Q

What muscles does the deep branch of the radial nerve innervate?

A 
Triceps brachii muscle
Tensor fascia antebrachii muscle
Anconeus muscle
Ulnaris lateralis muscle
Extensor carpi radialis muscle
Common digital extensor muscle
Lateral digital extensor muscle
83
Q

If the radial nerve is injured proximal to the tricipital branches, where will paralysis occur?

A

Paralysis of the extensor muscles of the elbow, carpus, and digit. Foot is dragged on the ground.

84
Q

If the radial nerve is injured distal to the tricipital branches, where will paralysis occur?

A

Paralysis of the extensor muscles of the carpus and digit. Affected animal knuckles over.

85
Q

What muscles does the median nerve innervate?

A 
Flexor carpi radialis muscle
Superficial digital flexor muscle
Deep digital flexor muscle
Pronator teres muscle
Pronator quadratus muscle
86
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Deep digitial flexor muscle
Interosseous muscles

87
Q

If a dog is in right lateral recumbency, what is the radiographic view?

A

Right Lateral

88
Q

What shape does the cardiac silhouette have in right lateral view?

A

Egg Shaped

89
Q

With a lateral projection, what part of the clock is the left atrium?

A

12:00 - 2:00

90
Q

With a lateral projection, what part of the clock is the left ventricle?

A

2:00 - 5:00

91
Q

With a lateral projection, what part of the clock is the right ventricle?

A

5:00 - 9:00

92
Q

With a lateral projection what part of the clock is the pain pulmonary artery, right auricle, and aortic arch?

A

9:00 - 11:00

93
Q

With a VD/DV view, what part of the clock is the aortic arch?

A

11:00 - 1:00

94
Q

With a VD/DV view, what part of the clock is the main pulmonary artery?

A

1:00 - 2:00

95
Q

With a VD/DV view, what part of the clock is the left auricle?

A

2:00 - 3:00

96
Q

With a VD/DV view, what part of the clock is the left ventricle?

A

3:00 - 5:00

97
Q

With a VD/DV view, what part of the clock is the right ventricle?

A

5:00 - 9:00

98
Q

With a VD/DV view, what part of the clock is the right atrium?

A

9:00 - 11:00

99
Q

With a VD/DV view, what part of the heart can you not see well?

A

Left Atrium

AP 700 - Gross Anatomy I (8 decks)

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