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Gross Anatomy - Lower Extremity > Muscle Manual - Lower Extremity and Back > Flashcards

Muscle Manual - Lower Extremity and Back Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Layer: superficial

PA: 
Ilium - Posterior to the Posterior Gluteal Line
Sacrum - Dorsal Surface
Coccyx - Dorsal Surface
Sacrotuberous ligament

DA:
Iliotibial tract
Femur - Gluteal Tuberosity

Nerve: Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Action: Hip Extension and Lateral Rotation

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2
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Layer: superficial

PA: Ilium - Between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines

DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter

Nerve: Superior Gluteal Nerve

Action:
OKC: Hip abduction and Medial Rotation
CKC: Keeps Pelvis Level when opposite leg is raised

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3
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Layer: superficial

PA: Ilium - between Anterior and Inferior gluteal lines

DA: Femur - greater trochanter

Nerve: Superior Gluteal Nerve

Action:
OKC: Hip abduction and Medial Rotation
CKC: Keeps Pelvis Level when opposite leg is raised

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4
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Layer: superficial

PA: Ilium - Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and Iliac Crest

DA: Iliotibial Tract

Nerve: Superior Gluteal Nerve

Action: Hip Flexion, Abduction, and Medial Rotation

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5
Q

Piriformis

A

Layer: Deep

PA:
Sacrum - Ventral Surface
Sacrotuberous Ligament

DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter

Nerve: Ventral Rami of S1-S2 Spinal Nerves

Action:
Hip Extended: Hip lateral rotation
Hip Flexed: Hip Abduction

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6
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Layer: Deep

PA:
Obturator Membrane - medial surface
surrounding bones

DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter

Nerve: Nerve to Obturator Internus

Action:
Hip Extended: Hip lateral rotation
Hip Flexed: Hip Abduction

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7
Q

Superior and Inferior Gemelli

A

Layer: Deep

PA:
Superior: Ischium - Ischial Spine
Inferior: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity

DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter

Nerve:
Superior: Nerve to Obturator Internus
Inferior: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

Action:
Hip Extended: Hip lateral rotation
Hip Flexed: Hip Abduction

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8
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

PA: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity

DA: Femur: Quadrate Tubercle

Nerve: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

Action: Hip Lateral Rotation

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9
Q

Semitendinosus

A

PA: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity

DA: Tibia (Proximal) - Medial Surface

Nerve: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve

Action:
Hip Extension
Knee Flexion and medial rotation when the knee is flexed

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10
Q

Semimembranosus

A

PA: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity

DA: Tibia - Posterior Surface of the Medial Condyle

Nerve: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve

Action:
Hip Extension
Knee Flexion and medial rotation when the knee is flexed

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11
Q

Biceps Femoris

A 
PA:
Long head:
Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
Short head:
Femur - Linea Aspera; Lateral Supracondylar Line

DA: Fibula - Head

Nerve:
Long Head: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Short Head: Common Fibular Division of Sciatic Nerve

Action:
Long Head: Hip extension and lateral rotation when the hip and knee are extended
Knee flexion and lateral rotation when the knee is flexed

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12
Q

Pectineus

A

PA: Pubis - Superior Ramus
DA: Femur - Pectineal Line
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and Flexion; Assists in hip Medial Rotation

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13
Q

Sartorius

A

PA: Ilium: ASIS and Superior part of the notch inferior to the ASIS
DA: Tibia - (Proximal) Medial Surface
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation; Knee flexion and medial rotation (of the tibia on the femur)

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14
Q

Psoas Major

A

PA: TV12-LV5 - bodies, intervertebral discs, and transverse processes
DA: Femur - Lesser Trochanter (with tendon of Iliacus)
Innervation: Ventral Rami of L1 - L3 Spinal Nerves
Action: Hip flexion

Note: classified by Moore as a muscle of the posterior abdominal wall

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15
Q

Iliacus

A

PA: Ilium: Iliac Crest and Iliac Fossa
DA: Femur - Lesser Trochanter (with tendon of Psoas Major)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip flexion

Note: Moore also classifies this muscle as a muscle of the posterior abdominal wall

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16
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

PA: Ilium - AIIS and superior to the acetabulum
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial tuberosity of the tibia (via Patellar ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip Flexion and Knee Extension

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17
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

PA: Femur - Greater Trochanter and Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial Tuberosity (Via Patellar Ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Knee Extension

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18
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

PA: Intertrochanteric Line and Medial Lip of Linea Aspera
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial Tuberosity (Via Patellar Ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Knee Extension

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19
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

PA: Femur - anterior and lateral surfaces of body
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial Tuberosity (Via Patellar Ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Knee Extension

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20
Q

Adductor Longus

A

PA: Pubis - Body, inferior to Pubic Crest
DA: Femur - Middle Part of Linea Aspera
Innervation: Anterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and Weak Flexion

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21
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

PA: Pubis - Body and Inferior Ramus
DA: Femur - Pectineal Line and Proximal part of Linea Aspera
Innervation: Anterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and Weak Flexion

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22
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

PA:
Adductor Part - Pubis: inferior ramus; Ischium: Ramus
Hamstrings Part - Ischium: Ischial Tuberosity

DA:
Adductor Part - Femur: Gluteal Tuberosity, Linea Aspera, Medial Supracondylar Line
Hamstrings Part - Femur: Adductor Tubercle

Innervation:
Adductor Part - Posterior Branch Obturator Nerve
Hamstrings Part - Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve

Action:
Adductor Part - Hip Flexion
Hamstrings Part - Hip Extension
Both - Hip Adduction

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23
Q

Gracilis

A

PA: Pubis - Body and Inferior Ramus
DA: Tibia - proximal medial surface
Innervation: Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and knee flexion and medial rotation (of the tibia on the femur)

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24
Q

Obturator Externus

A

PA: Obturator Membrane - Lateral Surface and Surrounding Bones
DA: Femur - Trochanteric Fossa
Innervation: Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Lateral Rotation

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25
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

PA: Tibia - Lateral Condyle and proximal to middle lateral surface; interosseous membrane

DA: Medial Cuneiform and Base of 1st metatarsal

Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Action: Ankle dorsiflexion; Foot inversion

26
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

PA: Tibia - Lateral Condyle; Fibula - Proximal to middle medial surface; interosseous membrane

DA: Lateral 4 digits extensor expansions

Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Action: extends the lateral 4 digits at the MTP, PIP, and DIP joints; weak ankle dorsiflexion

27
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

PA: Fibula - middle anterior surface; interosseous membrane

DA: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Action: extends the great toe at MTP and IP joints; weak ankle dorsiflexion

28
Q

Fibularis Tertius

A

PA: Fibula - Distal anterior surface; interosseous membrane

DA: base of the 5th metatarsal

Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Action: Foot eversion; weak ankle dorsiflexion

29
Q

Fibularis Longus

A

PA: Fibula - head and proximal to middle lateral surface

DA: Medial Cuneiform and Base of the 1st metatarsal

Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve

Action: Foot Eversion and Weak ankle plantarflexion

30
Q

Fibularis Brevis

A

PA: Fibula - middle to distal lateral surface

DA: 5th Metatarsal - Tuberosity

Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve

Action: Foot Eversion and Weak Ankle Plantarflexion

31
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

PA:
Lateral head - lateral condyle of the femur
Medial head - superior to medial condyle of the femur

DA: Calcaneus - Posterior Surface via Calcaneal Tendon

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Action: Ankle Plantarflexion when the knee is extended; knee flexion

32
Q

Soleus

A

PA:
Fibula - head and proximal posterior surface
Tibia - soleal line and medial border

DA: Calcaneus - posterior surface via calcaneal tendon

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Action: Ankle Plantarflexion

33
Q

Plantaris

A

PA:
Femur - Lateral Supracondylar Line
Oblique popliteal ligament

DA: Calcaneus - Posterior surface via calcaneal tendon

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Action: weakly assists gastrocnemius

34
Q

Popliteus

A

PA:
Femur - Lateral Condyle
Lateral Meniscus

DA:
Tibia - Posterior surface proximal to soleal line

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Action: Weakly flexes the knee
Unlocks the knee - rotates the tibia medially when the tibia is unfixed (OKC) and rotates the femur laterally when the tibia is fixed (CKC)

35
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

PA:
Fibula - middle to distal posterior surface
Interosseous Membrane

DA: base of distal phalanx of great toe
tendinous slip to tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Action: Great Toe IP and MTP flexion; Weak MTP and IP flexion of the lateral 4 joints; Weak Ankle Plantar Flexion

36
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

PA:
Tibia - Posterior surface distal to soleal line
Fibula via a broad tendon

DA:
Bases of the distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits
Tendinous slip to the tendon of Flexor Hallucis Longus

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Action:
Flexion of the lateral 4 digit MTP, PIP, and DIP joints; weak great toe MTP and IP flexion; weak ankle plantarflexion

37
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

PA:
Interosseous Membrane
Tibia - Posterior Surface Distal to Soleal Line
Fibula - Posterior Surface

DA: 
Navicular - Tuberosity
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Calcaneus - Sustentaculum Tali
Bases of metatarsals 2-4

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Action: Ankle Plantarflexion; Foot Inversion

38
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

PA:
Calcaneus
Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

DA: Tendons of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Action: Lateral 4 digits IP and MTP Joint Extension

39
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

PA:
Calcaneus
Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

DA: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Great Toe

Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Action: Great Toe MTP Joint Extension

40
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

Layer: 1

PA:
Calcaneus - Medial Tubercle of Tuberosity
Flexor Retinaculum
Plantar Aponeurosis

DA: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Great Toe

Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve

Action: Great Toe MTP Abduction and Flexion

41
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Layer: 1

PA:
Calcaneus - Medial Tubercle of Tuberosity
Plantar Aponeurosis
Intermuscular Septa

DA: Lateral 4 digits - both sides of middle phalanges

Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve

Action: MTP and PIP flexion of the lateral 4 digits

42
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

PA:
Calcaneus - Medial and Lateral Tubercles of Tuberosity
Plantar Aponeurosis
Intermuscular Septa

DA: base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Action: 5th digit MTP joint Abduction and Flexion

43
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

Layer: 2

PA: Calcaneus

DA: FDL tendons

Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Action: Lateral 4 digits IP and MTP joint flexion

44
Q

Lumbricals

A

Layer: 4 (4 unipennate muscles)

PA: FDL tendons

DA: Medial aspects of the extensor expansions of the lateral 4 digits

Innervation:
1st lumbrical: Medial Plantar Nerve
2-4 lumbricals: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Action: Lateral 4 digit MTP flexion and IP extension

45
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Layer: 3

PA:
Cuboid
Lateral Cuneiform

DA: Great toe - base of the proximal phalanx

Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve

Action: Great toe MTP joint flexion

46
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

Layer: 3

PA:
Oblique head - bases of 2nd - 4th Metatarsals
Transverse head - plantar ligaments of MTP joints

DA: great toe - base of the proximal phalanx

Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Action: Great to MTP adduction

47
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Layer: 3

PA: Base of the 5th metatarsal

DA: Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Action: 5th digit MTP flexion

48
Q

Plantar Interossei

A

Layer: 4 (3 unipennate muscles)

PA: medial sides of 3rd - 5th metatarsals

DA: bases of the proximal phalanges of digits 3-5

Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Action: 3rd - 5th digit ADDuction toward the axial line; Lateral 3 digit MTP joint flexion

49
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

Layer: 4 (4 bipennate muscles)

PA: Metatarsals 1-5 (adjacent sides)

DA:
1st dorsal - medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd digit
2-4: lateral sides of the proximal phalanges of digits 2-4

Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Action:
2-4th digit ABDuction from axial line
2-4th digit MTP joint flexion

50
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscle (Moore also classifies it as a muscle of the thoracic wall)

Innervation: 2-5th Intercostal Nerves

Action: Proporiception, Elevates the ribs

51
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscle (Moore also classifies it as a muscle of the thoracic wall)

Innervation: Ventral Rami T9 - T12 Spinal Nerves

Action: Proprioception, depress ribs

52
Q

Splenius

A

Deep Intrinsic Back Muscle

Layer: Superficial

Sections:
Capitis -> Fibers run superolaterally
Cervicis -> Fibers run superolaterally

Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral ->head and neck lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
Bilateral -> head and neck extension

53
Q

Erector Spinae

A

Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles

Layer: Intermediate

Sections: (lateral to medial)
Iliocostalis:
Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis
Fibers run superiorly

Longissimus:
Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis
Fibers Run Superiorly

Spinalis
Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis
Fibers run superiorly

Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral: Head and vertebral column Lateral Flexion
Bilateral: Head and Vertebral Column Extension

54
Q

Transversospinal

A

Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles

Layer: Deep

Sections:
Semispinalis
     Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis
     Span 4-6 Vertebrae
     Fibers run superomedially

Multifidus
Most prominent in lumbar region
Span 2-4 Vertebrae
Fibers run superomedially

Rotatores
Best Developed in thoracic region
Span 1-2 vertebrae
Fibers run superomedially

Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral: Head and vertebral column contralateral rotation
Bilateral: Head and vertebral column extension; primary postural stabilizers

55
Q

Interspinalis

A

Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles

Layer: Minor Deep

Fibers: run vertically between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

Action: Aid in Vertebral Column extension and rotation

56
Q

Intertransversarii

A

Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles

Layer: Minor Deep

Fibers: run vertically between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Innervation: Dorsal Rami and ventral rami of Spinal Nerves

Action: Aid in Vertebral Column lateral flexion

57
Q

Levatores Costarum

A

Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles (Moore Also Classifies them as a muscle of the thoracic wall)

Layer: Minor Deep

Fibers: run inferolaterally between transverse processes oc thoracic vertebrae and ribs

Innervation: Dorsal Rami of of C8 - T11 Spinal Nerves

Action: Elevate Ribs and Aid in Vertebral Column lateral flexion

58
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve)

Action:
Unilateral –>. Head ipsilateral rotation
Bilateral –> head Extension

59
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A

Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve)

Action: Head Extension

60
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior

A

Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve)

Action:
Unilateral –>. Head Lateral Flexion
Bilateral –> Head Extension

61
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

A

Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve)

Action:
Unilateral –>. Neck ipsilateral rotation
Bilateral –> Neck Extension

Gross Anatomy - Lower Extremity (11 decks)

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