Muscle Manual - Lower Extremity and Back Flashcards
Gluteus Maximus
Layer: superficial
PA: Ilium - Posterior to the Posterior Gluteal Line Sacrum - Dorsal Surface Coccyx - Dorsal Surface Sacrotuberous ligament
DA:
Iliotibial tract
Femur - Gluteal Tuberosity
Nerve: Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Action: Hip Extension and Lateral Rotation
Gluteus Medius
Layer: superficial
PA: Ilium - Between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines
DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter
Nerve: Superior Gluteal Nerve
Action:
OKC: Hip abduction and Medial Rotation
CKC: Keeps Pelvis Level when opposite leg is raised
Gluteus Minimus
Layer: superficial
PA: Ilium - between Anterior and Inferior gluteal lines
DA: Femur - greater trochanter
Nerve: Superior Gluteal Nerve
Action:
OKC: Hip abduction and Medial Rotation
CKC: Keeps Pelvis Level when opposite leg is raised
Tensor Fascia Lata
Layer: superficial
PA: Ilium - Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and Iliac Crest
DA: Iliotibial Tract
Nerve: Superior Gluteal Nerve
Action: Hip Flexion, Abduction, and Medial Rotation
Piriformis
Layer: Deep
PA:
Sacrum - Ventral Surface
Sacrotuberous Ligament
DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter
Nerve: Ventral Rami of S1-S2 Spinal Nerves
Action:
Hip Extended: Hip lateral rotation
Hip Flexed: Hip Abduction
Obturator Internus
Layer: Deep
PA:
Obturator Membrane - medial surface
surrounding bones
DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter
Nerve: Nerve to Obturator Internus
Action:
Hip Extended: Hip lateral rotation
Hip Flexed: Hip Abduction
Superior and Inferior Gemelli
Layer: Deep
PA:
Superior: Ischium - Ischial Spine
Inferior: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter
Nerve:
Superior: Nerve to Obturator Internus
Inferior: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
Action:
Hip Extended: Hip lateral rotation
Hip Flexed: Hip Abduction
Quadratus Femoris
PA: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
DA: Femur: Quadrate Tubercle
Nerve: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
Action: Hip Lateral Rotation
Semitendinosus
PA: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
DA: Tibia (Proximal) - Medial Surface
Nerve: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Action:
Hip Extension
Knee Flexion and medial rotation when the knee is flexed
Semimembranosus
PA: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
DA: Tibia - Posterior Surface of the Medial Condyle
Nerve: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Action:
Hip Extension
Knee Flexion and medial rotation when the knee is flexed
Biceps Femoris
PA: Long head: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity Short head: Femur - Linea Aspera; Lateral Supracondylar Line
DA: Fibula - Head
Nerve:
Long Head: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Short Head: Common Fibular Division of Sciatic Nerve
Action:
Long Head: Hip extension and lateral rotation when the hip and knee are extended
Knee flexion and lateral rotation when the knee is flexed
Pectineus
PA: Pubis - Superior Ramus
DA: Femur - Pectineal Line
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and Flexion; Assists in hip Medial Rotation
Sartorius
PA: Ilium: ASIS and Superior part of the notch inferior to the ASIS
DA: Tibia - (Proximal) Medial Surface
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation; Knee flexion and medial rotation (of the tibia on the femur)
Psoas Major
PA: TV12-LV5 - bodies, intervertebral discs, and transverse processes
DA: Femur - Lesser Trochanter (with tendon of Iliacus)
Innervation: Ventral Rami of L1 - L3 Spinal Nerves
Action: Hip flexion
Note: classified by Moore as a muscle of the posterior abdominal wall
Iliacus
PA: Ilium: Iliac Crest and Iliac Fossa
DA: Femur - Lesser Trochanter (with tendon of Psoas Major)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip flexion
Note: Moore also classifies this muscle as a muscle of the posterior abdominal wall
Rectus Femoris
PA: Ilium - AIIS and superior to the acetabulum
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial tuberosity of the tibia (via Patellar ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip Flexion and Knee Extension
Vastus Lateralis
PA: Femur - Greater Trochanter and Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial Tuberosity (Via Patellar Ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Knee Extension
Vastus Medialis
PA: Intertrochanteric Line and Medial Lip of Linea Aspera
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial Tuberosity (Via Patellar Ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Knee Extension
Vastus Intermedius
PA: Femur - anterior and lateral surfaces of body
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial Tuberosity (Via Patellar Ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Knee Extension
Adductor Longus
PA: Pubis - Body, inferior to Pubic Crest
DA: Femur - Middle Part of Linea Aspera
Innervation: Anterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and Weak Flexion
Adductor Brevis
PA: Pubis - Body and Inferior Ramus
DA: Femur - Pectineal Line and Proximal part of Linea Aspera
Innervation: Anterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and Weak Flexion
Adductor Magnus
PA:
Adductor Part - Pubis: inferior ramus; Ischium: Ramus
Hamstrings Part - Ischium: Ischial Tuberosity
DA:
Adductor Part - Femur: Gluteal Tuberosity, Linea Aspera, Medial Supracondylar Line
Hamstrings Part - Femur: Adductor Tubercle
Innervation:
Adductor Part - Posterior Branch Obturator Nerve
Hamstrings Part - Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Action:
Adductor Part - Hip Flexion
Hamstrings Part - Hip Extension
Both - Hip Adduction
Gracilis
PA: Pubis - Body and Inferior Ramus
DA: Tibia - proximal medial surface
Innervation: Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and knee flexion and medial rotation (of the tibia on the femur)
Obturator Externus
PA: Obturator Membrane - Lateral Surface and Surrounding Bones
DA: Femur - Trochanteric Fossa
Innervation: Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Lateral Rotation
Tibialis Anterior
PA: Tibia - Lateral Condyle and proximal to middle lateral surface; interosseous membrane
DA: Medial Cuneiform and Base of 1st metatarsal
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve
Action: Ankle dorsiflexion; Foot inversion
Extensor Digitorum Longus
PA: Tibia - Lateral Condyle; Fibula - Proximal to middle medial surface; interosseous membrane
DA: Lateral 4 digits extensor expansions
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve
Action: extends the lateral 4 digits at the MTP, PIP, and DIP joints; weak ankle dorsiflexion
Extensor Hallucis Longus
PA: Fibula - middle anterior surface; interosseous membrane
DA: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve
Action: extends the great toe at MTP and IP joints; weak ankle dorsiflexion
Fibularis Tertius
PA: Fibula - Distal anterior surface; interosseous membrane
DA: base of the 5th metatarsal
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve
Action: Foot eversion; weak ankle dorsiflexion
Fibularis Longus
PA: Fibula - head and proximal to middle lateral surface
DA: Medial Cuneiform and Base of the 1st metatarsal
Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve
Action: Foot Eversion and Weak ankle plantarflexion
Fibularis Brevis
PA: Fibula - middle to distal lateral surface
DA: 5th Metatarsal - Tuberosity
Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve
Action: Foot Eversion and Weak Ankle Plantarflexion
Gastrocnemius
PA:
Lateral head - lateral condyle of the femur
Medial head - superior to medial condyle of the femur
DA: Calcaneus - Posterior Surface via Calcaneal Tendon
Innervation: Tibial Nerve
Action: Ankle Plantarflexion when the knee is extended; knee flexion
Soleus
PA:
Fibula - head and proximal posterior surface
Tibia - soleal line and medial border
DA: Calcaneus - posterior surface via calcaneal tendon
Innervation: Tibial Nerve
Action: Ankle Plantarflexion
Plantaris
PA:
Femur - Lateral Supracondylar Line
Oblique popliteal ligament
DA: Calcaneus - Posterior surface via calcaneal tendon
Innervation: Tibial Nerve
Action: weakly assists gastrocnemius
Popliteus
PA:
Femur - Lateral Condyle
Lateral Meniscus
DA:
Tibia - Posterior surface proximal to soleal line
Innervation: Tibial Nerve
Action: Weakly flexes the knee
Unlocks the knee - rotates the tibia medially when the tibia is unfixed (OKC) and rotates the femur laterally when the tibia is fixed (CKC)
Flexor Hallucis Longus
PA:
Fibula - middle to distal posterior surface
Interosseous Membrane
DA: base of distal phalanx of great toe
tendinous slip to tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Innervation: Tibial Nerve
Action: Great Toe IP and MTP flexion; Weak MTP and IP flexion of the lateral 4 joints; Weak Ankle Plantar Flexion
Flexor Digitorum Longus
PA:
Tibia - Posterior surface distal to soleal line
Fibula via a broad tendon
DA:
Bases of the distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits
Tendinous slip to the tendon of Flexor Hallucis Longus
Innervation: Tibial Nerve
Action:
Flexion of the lateral 4 digit MTP, PIP, and DIP joints; weak great toe MTP and IP flexion; weak ankle plantarflexion
Tibialis Posterior
PA:
Interosseous Membrane
Tibia - Posterior Surface Distal to Soleal Line
Fibula - Posterior Surface
DA: Navicular - Tuberosity Cuneiforms Cuboid Calcaneus - Sustentaculum Tali Bases of metatarsals 2-4
Innervation: Tibial Nerve
Action: Ankle Plantarflexion; Foot Inversion
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
PA:
Calcaneus
Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
DA: Tendons of Extensor Digitorum Longus
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve
Action: Lateral 4 digits IP and MTP Joint Extension
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
PA:
Calcaneus
Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
DA: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Great Toe
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve
Action: Great Toe MTP Joint Extension
Abductor Hallucis
Layer: 1
PA:
Calcaneus - Medial Tubercle of Tuberosity
Flexor Retinaculum
Plantar Aponeurosis
DA: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Great Toe
Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve
Action: Great Toe MTP Abduction and Flexion
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Layer: 1
PA:
Calcaneus - Medial Tubercle of Tuberosity
Plantar Aponeurosis
Intermuscular Septa
DA: Lateral 4 digits - both sides of middle phalanges
Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve
Action: MTP and PIP flexion of the lateral 4 digits
Abductor Digiti Minimi
PA:
Calcaneus - Medial and Lateral Tubercles of Tuberosity
Plantar Aponeurosis
Intermuscular Septa
DA: base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Action: 5th digit MTP joint Abduction and Flexion
Quadratus Plantae
Layer: 2
PA: Calcaneus
DA: FDL tendons
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Action: Lateral 4 digits IP and MTP joint flexion
Lumbricals
Layer: 4 (4 unipennate muscles)
PA: FDL tendons
DA: Medial aspects of the extensor expansions of the lateral 4 digits
Innervation:
1st lumbrical: Medial Plantar Nerve
2-4 lumbricals: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Action: Lateral 4 digit MTP flexion and IP extension
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Layer: 3
PA:
Cuboid
Lateral Cuneiform
DA: Great toe - base of the proximal phalanx
Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve
Action: Great toe MTP joint flexion
Adductor Hallucis
Layer: 3
PA:
Oblique head - bases of 2nd - 4th Metatarsals
Transverse head - plantar ligaments of MTP joints
DA: great toe - base of the proximal phalanx
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Action: Great to MTP adduction
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Layer: 3
PA: Base of the 5th metatarsal
DA: Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Action: 5th digit MTP flexion
Plantar Interossei
Layer: 4 (3 unipennate muscles)
PA: medial sides of 3rd - 5th metatarsals
DA: bases of the proximal phalanges of digits 3-5
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Action: 3rd - 5th digit ADDuction toward the axial line; Lateral 3 digit MTP joint flexion
Dorsal Interossei
Layer: 4 (4 bipennate muscles)
PA: Metatarsals 1-5 (adjacent sides)
DA:
1st dorsal - medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd digit
2-4: lateral sides of the proximal phalanges of digits 2-4
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Action:
2-4th digit ABDuction from axial line
2-4th digit MTP joint flexion
Serratus Posterior Superior
Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscle (Moore also classifies it as a muscle of the thoracic wall)
Innervation: 2-5th Intercostal Nerves
Action: Proporiception, Elevates the ribs
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscle (Moore also classifies it as a muscle of the thoracic wall)
Innervation: Ventral Rami T9 - T12 Spinal Nerves
Action: Proprioception, depress ribs
Splenius
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscle
Layer: Superficial
Sections:
Capitis -> Fibers run superolaterally
Cervicis -> Fibers run superolaterally
Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves
Action:
Unilateral ->head and neck lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
Bilateral -> head and neck extension
Erector Spinae
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles
Layer: Intermediate
Sections: (lateral to medial)
Iliocostalis:
Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis
Fibers run superiorly
Longissimus:
Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis
Fibers Run Superiorly
Spinalis
Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis
Fibers run superiorly
Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves
Action:
Unilateral: Head and vertebral column Lateral Flexion
Bilateral: Head and Vertebral Column Extension
Transversospinal
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles
Layer: Deep
Sections:
Semispinalis
Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis
Span 4-6 Vertebrae
Fibers run superomedially
Multifidus
Most prominent in lumbar region
Span 2-4 Vertebrae
Fibers run superomedially
Rotatores
Best Developed in thoracic region
Span 1-2 vertebrae
Fibers run superomedially
Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves
Action:
Unilateral: Head and vertebral column contralateral rotation
Bilateral: Head and vertebral column extension; primary postural stabilizers
Interspinalis
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles
Layer: Minor Deep
Fibers: run vertically between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves
Action: Aid in Vertebral Column extension and rotation
Intertransversarii
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles
Layer: Minor Deep
Fibers: run vertically between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae
Innervation: Dorsal Rami and ventral rami of Spinal Nerves
Action: Aid in Vertebral Column lateral flexion
Levatores Costarum
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles (Moore Also Classifies them as a muscle of the thoracic wall)
Layer: Minor Deep
Fibers: run inferolaterally between transverse processes oc thoracic vertebrae and ribs
Innervation: Dorsal Rami of of C8 - T11 Spinal Nerves
Action: Elevate Ribs and Aid in Vertebral Column lateral flexion
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve)
Action:
Unilateral –>. Head ipsilateral rotation
Bilateral –> head Extension
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve)
Action: Head Extension
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve)
Action:
Unilateral –>. Head Lateral Flexion
Bilateral –> Head Extension
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve)
Action:
Unilateral –>. Neck ipsilateral rotation
Bilateral –> Neck Extension
