Muscle, Joints and Movements

Question 1

What do the tendons do?

Answer 1

They join MUSCLE to BONE.

Question 2

What do ligaments do?

Answer 2

They join BONES to BONES. They’re strong and flexible.They’re made of elastic connective tissue. They restrict movement at the joint.

Question 3

What is the function of the synovial membrane?

Answer 3

It secretes synovial fluid. Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant.

Question 4

What is the purpose of cartilage?

Answer 4

Absorbs synovial fluid and acts as a shock absorber.

Question 5

What’s the point of fibrous capsules?

Answer 5

It encases joints.

Question 6

What is it meant when muscles work in ANTAGONISTIC pairs? Why must muscles work antagonistically?

Answer 6

Muscles which work in a pair in order to create an action such as move a bone. Muscles work in pairs as they can only contract themselves and not stretch. It’s the pull created by the contraction of antagonistic muscle that stretches the muscle when it’s in a relaxed state.

Question 7

What are the characteristics of fast-twitch muscle fibres?

Answer 7

• Fewer mitochondria: ATP from anaerobic respiration (glycolysis).
• Little myoglobin and few capillaries. muscle is light coloured.
• High glycogen content.
• High levels of cretin phosphate.

Question 8

What are fast-twitch muscle fibres?

Answer 8

Muscle fibres specialised to produce rapid, intense contractions in short bursts.
- They fatigue quickly.

Question 9

What are slow-twitch muscle fibres?

Answer 9

Muscle fibres which are specialised for slower, sustained contraction and can cope with long periods of exercise.
- They’re fatigue resistant.