Muscle histology -Renyolds Flashcards
responds to stimuli (muscle characteristic)
excitable
shortens with force (muscle characteristic)
contractible
can be stretched (muscle characteristic)
extensible
can recoil to original length (muscle characteristic)
elastic
types of muscles with striations
skeletal and cardiac
type of muscle with long cylindrical shaped (multinucleated) muscle fibers
skeletal
type of muscle with branched, anastomosing fibers
cardiac
type of muscle with fusiform fibers
smooth
type of muscle with intercalated disks
cardiac
gap junctions are present in what type of muscle
smooth
muscle with voluntary control
skeletal
muscles with involuntary control
cardiac and smooth
characteristics of nuclei in skeletal muscle
multinucleated, peripheral
characteristics of nuclei in cardiac muscle
mono/dinucleated in center
characteristics of nuclei in smooth muscle
single, central
which muscles have t tubules
skeletal and cardiac
which muscle has a sarcoplasmic reticulum
all very developed in skeletal muscle less developed in cardiac poorly developed in smooth
which muscle cells regenerate
skeletal (satellite cells) and smooth (mitosis)
how do muscle cells contract
nerve action potential
which muscle types spontaneously contract
cardiac (pacemaker) and smooth
function of skeletal muscle
move the body
function of cardiac muscle
contract heart to propel blood through body
function of smooth muscle
compression of organs, ducts, tubes
list the order of skeletal muscle organization from smallest to largest
myofilaments, myofibrils, muscle fiber = myocyte = myofiber, fasicle, muscle
explain neuronal input to contract skeletal muscle cells
ach is released form mn, binds to receptors on sarcolemma AS reaches t tubule SR releases ca action potential exposure, cross bridge contraction begins
explain neuronal input when skeletal muscle cells are relaxed
ach is removed by ache SR recaptures CA AS recovered, no cross bridge interaction contraction ends
T/F. sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways can influence smooth muscle
true.
epimysium
CT sheath that goes around the entire muscle
perimysium
structure that surrounds individual fasicles
endomysium
CT bt each muscle cell
what is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle cell
sarcomere
T/F. endomysium in cardiac muscle cells is thinner than skeletal muscle cells
false. its thicker
components of triad
t tubule, 2 dilated portions of cisternae
components of thin filaments of myofibrils
actin, troponin, tropomyosin
explain the relationship between actin, toponin, and tropomyosin
troponin will bind calcium after receiving an action potential and there is a conformational change. Tropomysin will move out of the way, freeing active sites so that actin can bind to myosin = muscle contraction
pericytes
found around capillaries
pre cap shphincters
small contractile unit
which neurons controls skeletal muscles
motor neurons
- Aerobic Type I Red fibers
- Anaerobic Type II
- Intermediate fibers
- Aerobic Type I Red fibers (deeply stained):
- Small, slow-twitch fibers;
- fatigue slowly;
- abundant mitochondria and myoglobin,
- generate less tension
- Anaerobic Type II White fibers (lightly stained):
- Large, fast-twitch fibers;
- fatigue rapidly;
- lots of glycogen,
- generate more tension
- Intermediate fibers (intermediate stain):
- Intermediate diameter, speed, tension
which muscle has uninucleated
smooth
Can you order these terms from smallest to largest?
- Muscle
- Myofibril
- Myofilaments
- Fascicle
- Myofiber
Myofilaments(actin and myosin) –> Myofibril –> myofiber –> fascicle –>Muscle
Endomysial fibrosis
too many fibers in neighboring cels
nuceli no longer on the peripheral
(clinical note)
Dystrophin
endomysium breaking down
attachments between muscle cells are breaking down
muscles don’t work normally
troponin
molecule that will bind ca
tropomyosin undegoes conformational change
myofibril thick filaments are made of
myosin
what is present in the intercalated disK?
all junction types
which muscles are regenerative?
smooth and skeletal (satellite)
cardiac= not regenerative
thickening of smooth mucle layer
clinical note
hypertrophy and hyperplasia
airways plugged by cell debris and mucus
Smooth mucle contranction
- no SR to relase Ca
- Ca from extracellular space
- Ca binds to CALMODULIN
