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N DMD 5246 > Muscle histology -Renyolds > Flashcards

Muscle histology -Renyolds Flashcards

1
Q

responds to stimuli (muscle characteristic)

A

excitable

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2
Q

shortens with force (muscle characteristic)

A

contractible

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3
Q

can be stretched (muscle characteristic)

A

extensible

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4
Q

can recoil to original length (muscle characteristic)

A

elastic

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5
Q

types of muscles with striations

A

skeletal and cardiac

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6
Q

type of muscle with long cylindrical shaped (multinucleated) muscle fibers

A

skeletal

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7
Q

type of muscle with branched, anastomosing fibers

A

cardiac

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8
Q

type of muscle with fusiform fibers

A

smooth

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9
Q

type of muscle with intercalated disks

A

cardiac

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10
Q

gap junctions are present in what type of muscle

A

smooth

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11
Q

muscle with voluntary control

A

skeletal

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12
Q

muscles with involuntary control

A

cardiac and smooth

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13
Q

characteristics of nuclei in skeletal muscle

A

multinucleated, peripheral

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14
Q

characteristics of nuclei in cardiac muscle

A

mono/dinucleated in center

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15
Q

characteristics of nuclei in smooth muscle

A

single, central

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16
Q

which muscles have t tubules

A

skeletal and cardiac

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17
Q

which muscle has a sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

all very developed in skeletal muscle less developed in cardiac poorly developed in smooth

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18
Q

which muscle cells regenerate

A

skeletal (satellite cells) and smooth (mitosis)

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19
Q

how do muscle cells contract

A

nerve action potential

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20
Q

which muscle types spontaneously contract

A

cardiac (pacemaker) and smooth

21
Q

function of skeletal muscle

A

move the body

22
Q

function of cardiac muscle

A

contract heart to propel blood through body

23
Q

function of smooth muscle

A

compression of organs, ducts, tubes

24
Q

list the order of skeletal muscle organization from smallest to largest

A

myofilaments, myofibrils, muscle fiber = myocyte = myofiber, fasicle, muscle

25
Q

explain neuronal input to contract skeletal muscle cells

A

ach is released form mn, binds to receptors on sarcolemma AS reaches t tubule SR releases ca action potential exposure, cross bridge contraction begins

26
Q

explain neuronal input when skeletal muscle cells are relaxed

A

ach is removed by ache SR recaptures CA AS recovered, no cross bridge interaction contraction ends

27
Q

T/F. sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways can influence smooth muscle

A

true.

28
Q

epimysium

A

CT sheath that goes around the entire muscle

29
Q

perimysium

A

structure that surrounds individual fasicles

30
Q

endomysium

A

CT bt each muscle cell

31
Q

what is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle cell

A

sarcomere

32
Q

T/F. endomysium in cardiac muscle cells is thinner than skeletal muscle cells

A

false. its thicker

33
Q

components of triad

A

t tubule, 2 dilated portions of cisternae

34
Q

components of thin filaments of myofibrils

A

actin, troponin, tropomyosin

35
Q

explain the relationship between actin, toponin, and tropomyosin

A

troponin will bind calcium after receiving an action potential and there is a conformational change. Tropomysin will move out of the way, freeing active sites so that actin can bind to myosin = muscle contraction

36
Q

pericytes

A

found around capillaries

pre cap shphincters

small contractile unit

37
Q

which neurons controls skeletal muscles

A

motor neurons

38
Q
  • Aerobic Type I Red fibers
  • Anaerobic Type II
  • Intermediate fibers
A
  • Aerobic Type I Red fibers (deeply stained):
    • Small, slow-twitch fibers;
    • fatigue slowly;
    • abundant mitochondria and myoglobin,
    • generate less tension
  • Anaerobic Type II White fibers (lightly stained):
    • Large, fast-twitch fibers;
    • fatigue rapidly;
    • lots of glycogen,
    • generate more tension
  • Intermediate fibers (intermediate stain):
    • Intermediate diameter, speed, tension
39
Q

which muscle has uninucleated

A

smooth

40
Q

Can you order these terms from smallest to largest?

  • Muscle
  • Myofibril
  • Myofilaments
  • Fascicle
  • Myofiber
A

Myofilaments(actin and myosin) –> Myofibril –> myofiber –> fascicle –>Muscle

41
Q

Endomysial fibrosis

A

too many fibers in neighboring cels

nuceli no longer on the peripheral

(clinical note)

42
Q

Dystrophin

A

endomysium breaking down

attachments between muscle cells are breaking down

muscles don’t work normally

43
Q

troponin

A

molecule that will bind ca

tropomyosin undegoes conformational change

44
Q

myofibril thick filaments are made of

A

myosin

45
Q

what is present in the intercalated disK?

A

all junction types

46
Q

which muscles are regenerative?

A

smooth and skeletal (satellite)

cardiac= not regenerative

47
Q

thickening of smooth mucle layer

A

clinical note

hypertrophy and hyperplasia

airways plugged by cell debris and mucus

48
Q

Smooth mucle contranction

A
  • no SR to relase Ca
  • Ca from extracellular space
  • Ca binds to CALMODULIN

N DMD 5246 (6 decks)

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