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Anatomy Exam 1 > Muscle function > Flashcards

Muscle function Flashcards

1
Q

Teres major

A

adducts and medially rotates arm

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2
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder

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3
Q

Levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity

acts to draw the scapula medially upward while moving the inferior angle of the scapula medially and to incline the neck to the same side

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4
Q

Rhomboids

A

fix scapula to thoracic wall; retract and rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity (drop shoulder)

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5
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Unilaterally acts to tilt the head to the same side and rotate the head to the opposite side.

Bilaterally acts to extend the head and to aid in respiration when the head is fixed

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6
Q

Trapezius

A

Abducts humerus

  • descending part of the trapezius acts to draw the scapula obliquely upward, to rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly, to tilt the head to the same side, and to rotate the head to the opposite side.
  • transverse part of the trapezius acts to draw the scapula medially (adducts it).
  • ascending part of the trapezius acts to draw the scapula medially downward
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7
Q

Splenius capitis and cervicis

A

bilaterally to extend the cervical spine and head.

unilaterally to flex and rotate the head to the same side

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8
Q

Scalene muscles

A

With the ribs mobile, the anterior, middle and posterior scalenes act to elevate the upper ribs during forced respiration.

With the ribs fixed, the anterior scalene unilaterally acts to bend the cervical spine to the same side and rotate the head to the opposite side; bilaterally acts to flex the neck anteriorly.

The middle and posterior scalenes act unilaterally to bend the cervical spine ipsilaterally.

Combined, the scalene muscles are powerful lateral flexors of the neck

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9
Q

Omohyoid

A

acts to depress the hyoid and to draw the larynx and hyoid bone down for phonation and swallowing

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10
Q

Triceps

A
  • long head is the least active of the three, and aids primarily in extending the arm.
  • medial head is the workhorse of forearm extension (actually deep to lateral head).
  • lateral head is typically the strongest generator of force, but functions primarily against active resistance (not during passive motions)
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11
Q

Deltoid

A

abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate

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12
Q

Erector spinae

A

lateral extension of spine

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13
Q

Infraspinatus

A

laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

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14
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

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15
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A

depresses ribs

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16
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A

elevates ribs

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17
Q

O. Capitis inferior

A

Rotates atlas to turn face to same side

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18
Q

O. Capitis superior

A

Extends and bends head laterally

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19
Q

R. C. posterior major

A

Extends and rotates head to same side

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20
Q

R. C. posterior minor

A

Extends head

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21
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates

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22
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates

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23
Q

Semispinalis

A

Extends head, neck, and thorax, and rotates to opposite side

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24
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Flexes and abducts hand at wrist

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25
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist

26
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexes distal phalanges of medial four digits, assists with flexion of hand at wrist

27
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes middle and proximal phalanges of medial four digits, flexes hand at wrist

28
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexes phalanges of thumb

29
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

30
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Pronates forearm

31
Q

Pronator teres

A

Pronates forearm and assists with elbow flexion

32
Q

Anconeus

A

Assists triceps in extending elbow, abducts ulna in pronation

33
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Flexes and supinates forearm at elbow

34
Q

Brachialis

A

Flexes forearm at elbow

35
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder

36
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Extends forearm at elbow; long head stabilizes head of abducted humerus and extends and adducts arm at shoulder

37
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Abducts little finger

38
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Abducts thumb

39
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Adducts thumb

40
Q

Dorsal interosseous

A

Abduct digits from axial line of hand (3rd digit); flex digits at metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal joints

41
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of little finger

42
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

flexes proximal phalanx of thumb

43
Q

Lumbrical, first and second

A

Extend digits at interphalangeal joints, flex metacarpophalangeal joints

44
Q

Lumbrical, third and fourth

A

Extend digits at interphalangeal joints, flex metacarpophalangeal joints

45
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it to face thumb

46
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Draws 1st metacarpal forward and rotates it medially

47
Q

Palmar interosseous

A

Adducts digits toward axial line of hand (3rd digit); flexes digits at metacarpophalngeal joint and extends interphalangeal joints

48
Q

Palmaris brevis

A

deepens hollow of hand, assists grip

49
Q

Pec major

A

Flexes and adducts arm, rotates medially

50
Q

Pec minor

A

Lowers lateral angle of scapula and protracts scapula

51
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint

52
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Weak flexion of forearm when forearm is midpronated

53
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Extends and abducts hand at wrist

54
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Extends and abducts hand at wrist

55
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Extends and abducts hand at wrist

56
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Extends 5th digit

57
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Extends medial four digits, assists in wrist extension

58
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Extends 2nd digit and helps extend hand at wrist

59
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint

60
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal and metacarpophalngeal joints

61
Q

Supinator

A

Supinates forearm

62
Q

Teres minor

A

Laterally rotates arm

Anatomy Exam 1 (3 decks)

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