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Anatomy Exam 1 > Anatomy Exam 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pectoral Fascia

A

Covers pectoralis major

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2
Q

Axillary Fascia

A

Continuation of pectoral fascia laterally ,fatty for protection or arteries and nerves

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3
Q

Clavipectoral Fascia

A

Deep to pectoralis major; encloses subclavius muscle and pectoralis muscle

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4
Q

Dermatomes: clavicle

A

C4

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5
Q

Dermatomes: level of nipples

A

T4

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6
Q

Dermatomes: level of navel

A

T10

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7
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus (most frequently torn)
Theres Major
Subscapularis

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8
Q

Investing layer of dense connective tissue

A

a “sleeve” binding all structures in the neck; attached to ligament niche and spinous process of C7 vertebrae; splits to enclose trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

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9
Q

Infrahyoid fascia

A

covering supra and infra hyoid muscles (strap muscles)

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10
Q

Pretracheal fascia

A

viscera surrounded with layer of fascia including the thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, and esophagus

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11
Q

Carotid sheath

A

Carotid artery, internal jugular v, and vagus nerve

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12
Q

Prevertebral (deep cervical fascia)

A

covering vertebral musculature

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13
Q

Which arteries provide anastamoses (collective circulation) to the scapula?

A

Suprascapular and circumflex scapular

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14
Q

Abduction of the humerus

A

10-15% Supraspinatus
16-90% Deltoid
91-180% Trapezius

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15
Q

Most frequently torn rotator cuff muscle?

A

supraspinatus

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16
Q

What differentiates cervical vertebrae?

A

Presence of foramina vertebral artery
C1 (atlas)- no spine and no body
C2 (axis)- dens, bifid spinous process
C7- vertibra prominens

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17
Q

What differentiates thoracic vertebrae?

A

Costal facets- 2 on each side of body, 1 on each transverse ribs (except T11 and T12)

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18
Q

What differentiates lumbar vertebrae?

A

Massive kidney shaped body
Articular processes are closer together to restrict movement
Superior facets directed posteromedially
Inferior facets directed anterolaterally

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19
Q

Kyphosis curvature

A

Primary
Concave anteriorly
-thoracic
-sacral

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20
Q

Lordosis

A

Secondary
Concave posteriorly
-cervical
-lumbar

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21
Q

Abnormal Curvatures

A

Excessive kyphosis- humpback
Excessive lordosis- hollow back (almost all pregnant women)
Scoliosis- abnormal lateral curvature

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22
Q

Variations in vertebrae

A

Cervical rib
Lumber rib
Sacralization
Lumbarization

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23
Q

Atlanto- axial joint

A

Median atlanto-axial - pivot
Lateral atlanto- axial- gliding
NO-NO joint (shaking-rotation)

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24
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

YES-YES joint - nodding (flexion and extension)

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25
Q

Extrinsic back muscles

A

Superficial- control upper limb movements
layer 1: trap, lat dorsi
layer 2: rhomboid major, mine, lev scapulae

Intermediate- control respiratory moments
serratus posterior superior and inferior

26
Q

Triangle of ausculation

A

Trapezius, medial border of scapula, latis dorsi

27
Q

Intrinsic (deep back) muscles

A

Superficial- splenius muscles
Intermediate- Erector spinae
Deep- paravertebral muscles (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)

28
Q

Ligaments of the vertebral column

A
  1. Anterior longitudinal ligament
  2. Posterior longitudinal ligament
  3. Ligamentum flavum
  4. Interspinous ligament
  5. Supraspinous ligament
  6. Intertransverse ligament
  7. Nuchal ligament
29
Q

Herniated disc

A

protrusion of the nucleus pulposus into or through the annulus fibrosus; herniations usually occur posterolaterally

30
Q

Laminectomy

A

Anatomically (in the dissection laboratory) to gain access to the vertebral canal, providing posterior exposure of the spinal cord

Surgically to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots caused by a tumor, herniated IV disc, or bony hypertrophy (excess growth)

31
Q

Spinal nerve: anterior root

A

motor

32
Q

Spinal nerve: posterior root

A

sensory (dorsal root ganglion)

33
Q

Posterior ramus

A

skin + deep muscles of back

34
Q

Anterior ramus

A

limbs and rest of trunk

35
Q

Anastomotic branches around shoulder

A

Subclavian branches: Thyrocervical trunk (transverse cervical, suprascapular); Dorsal scapular (?)

Axillary branches: Thoracoacromial trunk (acromial); Subscapular (circumflex scapular); Humeral circumflex aa

36
Q

Suprascapular Notch

A

Borders: scapular notch, suprascapular ligament

Suprascapular artery and nerve

37
Q

Quadrangular space

A

Borders: teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps , humerus

Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery

38
Q

Triangular space

A

Border: teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps

Circumflex scapular artery, lower sup scapular nerve

39
Q

Triangular interval

A

Border: teres major, long and lateral head of triceps

Profonda brachii artery and radial nerve

40
Q

Axilla boundaries

A

Apex: 1st rib, clavicle, and superior edge of the scapula
Base: Axillary fascia (armpit)
Anterior Wall: Pectoralis major and minor mm.
Posterior Wall: scapula & subscapularis mm.
Medial Wall: Serratus anterior over 1st five ribs
Lateral Wall: Humerus & corocoid process

41
Q

Axillary branches

A

1st Part: Superior thoracic artery.
2nd Part: Thoracoacromial trunk (Acromial, Clavicular, Deltoid & Pectoral) & Lateral thoracic arteries.
3rd Part: Subscapular (Circumflex scapular & Thoracodorsal), Anterior & Posterior circumflex humeral arteries

42
Q

Breast Lymphatics

A

Central, Lateral, Apical, Subscapular, Pectoral

43
Q

Boundaries of posterior triangle

A

Anterior - Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posterior - Trapezius muscle
Inferior (base) - Clavicle

44
Q

Occipital triangle

A

Above omohyoid- scalene muscles, laevator scapulae, brachial plexus

Transverse cervical nerves, transverse cervical artery, subclavicular nerves, accessory nerve, cervical plexus cutaneous branches,

45
Q

Omoclavicular triangle

A

Below omohyoid- supraclavicular muscle

46
Q

Erb’s point

A

An area halfway along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle that the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerge; the accessory nerve is also just deep to the investing fascia at this point

47
Q

Cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

A

Transverse cervical n.: From ventral rami of C2-3; Cutaneous nerve to throat.

Great auricular n.: From ventral rami of C2-3; Cutaneous to area around ear.

Lesser occipital n.: From ventral rami of C2 (and sometimes C3); Cutaneous to skin near mastoid process.

Supraclavicular n.: From ventral rami of C3-4; Splits into three branches - anterior, middle and posterior (also called medial, intermediate and lateral); Cutaneous to area over clavicle

48
Q

Phernic nerve

A

C3–C4–C5 roots; innervates diaphragm; sits on top of the anterior scalene muscle (important landmark; “3-4-5 keeps the diaphragm alive” )

49
Q

Ansa Cervicalis

A

C1-C2-C3; The two limbs (roots) of the ansa cervicalis are:

  1. C1 ventral ramus - provides separate motor innervation to the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles and also forms the Superior Root Of The Ansa Cervicalis (descendens hypoglossi); innervates geniohyoid & thyrohyoid mm.
  2. C2 and C3 rami - combine to form the Inferior Root Of The Ansa Cervicalis (descendens cervicalis); innervates sternohyoid, sternothyroid & omohyoid mm.
50
Q

Ventral rami

A

directly to rectus capitis lateralis, rectus capitis anterior, longus capitis, longus colli, levator scapulae and scalene muscles

51
Q

Supraclavicular triangle (below omohyoid)

A

Lower portion of brachial plexus
Subclavian artery and vein
Branches of the Subclavian a. (VIT C & D)
Termination of external jugular vein

52
Q

Dermatomes: lateral arm, forearm, and thumb

A

C6

53
Q

Dermatomes: back of arm, back of forearm, 2nd and 3rd digit

A

C7

54
Q

Dermatomes: medial arm, forearm, hypothenar

A

C8

55
Q

Radial Nerve

A

Passes in the radial groove on the back of the humerus with the deep brachial artery (profunda brachii a.), pierces the lateral intermuscular septum, and divides into superficial and deep branches in front of the lateral epicondyle.

In the arm, gives branches to triceps, brachioradialis, and supplies the skin of the posterior arm & forearm (posterior brachial, inferior lateral brachial, and posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerves).

56
Q

Musclocutaneous

A

Pierces the coracobrachialis muscle; innervates the coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis muscles.

Injury causes great loss of flexion of the elbow, although not complete due to brachioradialis and flexor forearm muscles.

Continues as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

57
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Medial to axillary and brachial arteries to the middle of the arm, pierces the medial intermuscular septum, and runs with the superior ulnar collateral artery to a groove behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus.

A sharp blow to the medial side of the elbow (hitting your “funny bone”) will result in paraesthesia and a shock-like feeling in the hand and forearm.

No branches in the arm.

58
Q

Median nerve

A

1st lateral to, then crosses, and, finally, is medial to the brachial artery.
No branches in the arm.
Passes through the cubital fossa deep to the bicipital aponeuronsis

59
Q

Extensor retinaculum

A

extends obliquely across the posterior radiocarpal joint from the anterior border of the distal radius to the triquetrum and pisiform bones

60
Q

Flexor retinaculum

A

called the transverse carpal ligament. It is attached medially to the pisiform and the hook of the hamate, and laterally to the trapezium and scaphoid bones of the wrist.

61
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

multiaxial, synovial, ball and socket joint

most easily dislocated joint

joint capsule: permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, protraction, retraction and circumduction

62
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

saddle type synovial joint with disc; anchors upper extremity to axial skeleton

Anatomy Exam 1 (3 decks)

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