Muscle Disorders Flashcards
7 bone tissue function
support, movement, protection, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage, hormone production
What hormone does the bone secrete?
Osteocalcin = regulates insulin decretion
What is cartilage made of
- Mostly H2O, reason for resilience - NO blood vessels or nerves- come from surrounding connective tissue
what type of cells make up cartilage
chontrocytes
Periosteum
connective tissue surrounds bone attached by Perforating (sharpey’s) fibers
what type of cells make up bones
osteocytes
Perichondrium
layer of dense connective tissue surround cartilage
2 groups of human bones
- axial: skull, diaphragm, spine
- appendicular: legs, arms, hips
Diaphysis
- tubular shaft forming long axis of bone.
- compact bone surrounding central medullary cavity (filled w/ yellow marrow)
Epiphyses
- end of long bone
- compact bone outside, spongy bone inside, articular cartilage covers articular joint surfaces
What separates diaphysis and epiphysis
Epiphyseal line
endosteum
connective tissue covering inside of the bone
What is needed for mineralization of bone
Alkaline phosphatase, for production of hydroxy appetite
Bone deposition
add more bone, osteoblast
Bone resorption
break dwn bone, osteoclast, secrete lysosomal enzyme that digests organic matrix
What hormone released bc Ca2+ is too low in the blood
PTH, parathyroid hormone (made by parathyroid gland) stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone
What hormone is released bc Ca2+ is too high
Calcitonin (made by parafollicular cells of thyroid gland) stimulate osteoblast
Compound
open, penetrate skin
SImple
closed, doesn’t penetrate skin
