Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards
what is listening to the sound of heart to diagnose called?
Ausculation
Stenosis definition
narrowing of something
Antiatherogenic meaning
ability to reduce formation of atheroschletosis (buildup of plawue in arteries)
What disease are included in coronary heart disease?
Angina Pectoris and MI
Why does the chest hurt in pt with angina pectoris?
the buildup of metabolites in muscle (like lactic acid)
Atheromas definition
Plaques w/in blood vessels containing lipids, cells, fibrin, thrombi on their surface
Name the types of angina
- stable
- Vasospastic/ Variant/ Prinzmetal’s Angina
- Unstable Angine
Stable Angina characteristics, other names
- Atherosclerotic/classic angina, angina of effort
- plaques occlude/ partially 1+ coronary arteries causing ischemia
- Treatment: rest
- Prognosis: good, stable for mant years can deteriorate into unstable angina
Vasospastic Angina characteristics, other names
- Varient/ rest/ Prinzmetal’s angina
- happen in sleep
- Cause: by reversible spasm of coronaries @ site of plaque
- Prognosis: ok can deteriorate into unstable angina
Unstable Angina characteristics, other names
- “ACS”, crescendo angina, acute coronary syndrome
- happens right before MI = call 911
- Cause: repeated episodes of decr blood flow from plaque/ platelet aggregation/ vasospasm
- incr in frequency and severity
Arteriosclerosis vs Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis: change in normal artery structure
Atherosclerosis: plaque bc deposit fat into the endothelial layer of arteries
As more plaque starts to build up what also gets worse
Inflammation, specifically C-reactive proteins (test this instead of LDL bc better marker)
How to treat CAD (Coronary artery disease)
- Angioplasty (w/ or w/o stent)
- Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
- Drugs (antihyperlipidemc: Statins, Anti-platelets: arterial clots- aspirin, Anticpagulants: venous clots- warfarin)
- Antihypertensives: decr BP
- Antihyperglycemics: control blood sugar in diabetics
- smoking cessation
Most common cause of MI
Atherosclerosis, also but less embolus or sickle cell crisis
Is STEMI or NSTEMI worse
STEMI is worse
Characteristics of Sinus Node Abnormalities
- SA node = problem, so AV node take over as pacemaker
- bradycardia
- tachycardia
- Sick Sinus syndrome: both bradycardia and tachycardia = pacemaker
Thombophlebitis
thrombus in superficial vessels, inflammation, above the knee = trouble
What’s the compensatory mechansim for shock
tachycardia
what organ is the 1st to go during shock
renal failure - kidneys
