Muscle Biomechanics Flashcards
1
Q
2 Muscle Contraction Mechanisms
A
- Sliding Filament Theory
- Size Principle Theory
(Smaller motor units fire first)
2
Q
4 Muscle Roles
A
- Prime vs Assistant Mover
- Agonist vs Antagonist
- Stabilizer
- Neutralizer
3
Q
5 Types of Contraction
A
- Concentric
- Eccentric
- Isometric [Static]
- Isotonic [= tension (lifting weights)]
- Isokinetic [= speed]
4
Q
6 Determinants of Muscle Strength
A
[Sam Made Snickers Cake For Ramadan]
- Muscle size
- Muscle moment arm
- Stretch of muscle
- Contraction velocity
- Fiber types
- Level of muscle fiber recruitment
5
Q
Muscle Moment Arm
A
shortest / perpendicular distance between line of action (muscle direction of pull) and axis of rotation (joint)
6
Q
3 Components of the Muscle Model
A
1. Length-tension relationship --> up to resting length,
^length = ^tension
PASSIVE - PEC (CT), SEC (tendon)
ACTIVE - EC (muscle fibers)
2. Force-velocity relationship --> P = F x V
MOD force and speed = MAX power
3. Stretch-shortening cycle
Elastic & neural contributions
Pre-stretch
Stretch of fast-twitch fibers
Plyometrics
7
Q
Contractions Used to Assess Strength
A
- Isometric
2. Concentric
8
Q
5 Muscle Mechanics
A
- Angle of pull (b/w segment moved and line of pull
- Line of pull (direction of segment movement)
- Spurt muscle (rotary effect, segment mover)
- Shunt muscle (stabilization effect)
- Two joint muscle (mechanical advantage)
Mechanical Coupling
-Concurrent movement (Heisman)
-Countercurrent movement (kicking ball)
Disadvantages:
-Active and Passive insufficiencies
9
Q
Mechanical Advantage
A
Way to increase efficiency
Increase EA
Decrease RA
10
Q
2 Adaptations of Muscle to Altered Function
A
Change in:
- Length
- Activity level
11
Q
5 Principles of Training for Muscle Strength
A
Stupid idiots rake very slowly
- Specificity
- Intensity
- Rest
- Volume
- Strength training for non-athlete
12
Q
5 Training Modalities
A
5 types of exercise:
- Isometric
- Isotonic
- Isokinetic
- Closed-linked
- Variable resistance
