Gait Analysis

Question 1

3 Gait Cycle Approaches

Answer 1

Controlled fall or inverted pendulum

1. Reciprocal floor contact (heel strike to heel strike of same foot)
2. Time/Distance qualities of stride
3. Phases of Gait Cycle (Stride)

Question 2

Gait Cycle Divisions

Answer 2

Stance = foot on ground (60%)
   -Initial double stance (DLS)
   -Single limb stance (SLS)
   -Terminal double stance (DLS)
Swing = foot in air for limb advancement (40%)

Question 3

Observational Gait Analysis

Answer 3

(I Like Meerkats That Play In Maple Trees)
IC = Initial Contact (DLS) / Heel Strike [0-2%]
LR = Loading response (DLS) / Foot Flat [0-10%]
MSt = Midstance (SLS) [10-30%]
TSt = Terminal Stance (SLS) / Heel off [30-50%]
PSw = Preswing (SLS [Stance & Swing]) / Toe Off [50-60%]
ISw = Initial Swing (LA) / Acceleration [60-73%]
MSw = Midswing (LA) [73-87%]
TSw = Terminal Swing (LA) / Deceleration [87-100%]

Question 4

Cadence

Answer 4

of steps/time

Question 5

Stride Length vs Step Length

Answer 5

Distance from heel strike (initial contact) to heel strike of:
Stride: same foot
Step: opposite foot

Question 6

BoS

Answer 6

Distance from midheel to midheel

Question 7

Toe Out

Answer 7

~ 7 degrees (less with faster walking)

Question 8

2 Body Subdivisions

Answer 8

Passenger Unit (CoG: ant to T10)
Locomotor Unit (11 joints)

Question 9

4 Locomotor Functions

Answer 9

1. Stance Stability
     Challenged by passenger unit, multi-segmented LE and
     contours of LE joints
2. Propulsion/Progression
     Initial Step
     Fwd Fall
     Rocker System
     Swinging Limb
3. Shock Absorption
     Ankle PF
     Knee Flexion
     Contralateral Pelvic Drop (swing side)
4. Energy Conservation
     CoG Alignment Modulation
     Selective Muscular Control

Question 10

4 Components of Gait Initiation

Answer 10

(0. 64sec duration)
1. Weight shift
2. Abduction of swing hip
3. TA / Hip Flexor / VL muscle action
4. Stance Hip/Knee slight flexion

Question 11

6 Determinants of Gait

Answer 11

Adjustments made for less energy expenditure and higher efficiency
1. Pelvic Rotation
(anterior on swing leg side)
2. Lat Pelvic Tilt
(in SLS - swing hip drops, lowers CoG)
3. Knee Flexion (MSt)
(5* of flexion, lowers CoG)
4. Knee Motions
(near ext before IC - 15-5* of flexion/give at HS
5. Foot/Ankle Motions
(Heel/ankle/forefoot rocker, smooths CoG)
6. Lat Pelvic Motion
(Hip sway/adduction)

Patrick reheated leftover pizza tonight. Katie fed Kaw more food and made lindsey pretty mad.

Question 12

Hip ROM

Answer 12

Sagittal: Flexion - Extension - Flexion
Frontal: ADD - Neutral - ABD
Transverse: Neutral - IR - ER

Question 13

Torque

Answer 13

Turning Effect
IC: Extensors, ADD magnus
LR: Extensors --> quad ext knee
MSt: Glute med
TSt: TFL
PSw: ADD longus & RF
ISw: Iliacus
TSw: Hamstrings

Question 14

Knee Function

Answer 14

Limb stability in stance

2 joint muscle moments with hip

Question 15

Knee ROM

Answer 15

Sagittal: Flex - Ext (ADD) - Flex - Ext
Transverse: IR - ER - IR
Frontal: ABD - ADD

Question 16

Ankle ROM

Answer 16

IC = DF
LR = PF
MSt to TSt = PF
PSw = PF
ISw = DF
MSw to TSw = Neutral

Question 17

Foot ROM: Subtalar

Answer 17

IC = neutral to INV/SUP
LR = EV/PRON
MSt = EV/PRON (peak)
TSt = INV/SUP
PSw = INV/SUP (peak)