Muscle Basics

Question 1

Agonist

Answer 1

Constricts to cause movement

Question 2

Antagonist

Answer 2

Relaxes to make movement- the opposite of Agonist

Question 3

Synergist

Answer 3

A muscle that assists either the Agonist or Antagonist - Elbow Flexion synergist is the Brachialis

Question 4

Origin

Answer 4

Where the muscle connects

Question 5

Insertion

Answer 5

Where the muscle has movement

Question 6

Myoblasts

Answer 6

Muscle Proliferated cells. They grow and make more - generate “Blast” are germ cells that grow to make more tissueF

Question 7

Fulcrum

Answer 7

Axis of rotation

Question 8

Circle Muscle

Question 9

Convergence Muscle

Question 10

Muscle Belly

Answer 10

Thicker part that you can grab of the skeletal muscle

Question 11

Vitamin

Answer 11

Body needs it, but we can synthesize it

Question 12

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 12

Holds the calcium. The Blue part in the diagrams. Wraps around each muscle fiber.

Question 13

Sarcomeres

Answer 13

Made up of overlapping thick (myosin) and thin (actin) bands

Question 14

Actin and Myosin

Question 15

Troponin

Answer 15

When calcium is released, Ca2 (calcium) binds to the Tropomin which makes it move to reveal active sites.

Question 16

Confirmation change

Answer 16

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Question 17

Active Site

Answer 17

It’s what Myosin binds to and needs to be uncovered by Calcium moving the Troponin to constrict

Question 18

ADP - Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 19

ATP

Answer 19

is broken down to ADP + P. ATP detaches the Mysoin. Once released, will break down to ADP + P, which rebind the Myosin head to the Active Site

Question 20

Flacid and Spacic

Answer 20

Spacic is locked in the position. Flacid and what it sounds like

Question 21

Motor Cell and Motor Units

Answer 21

Recruitment to use more Motor Units. Smaller are recruited first and larger are recruited later as they are needed. Lighter things take less energy, so you start with the smaller/weaker ones first to conserve energy.

Motor units differ - it’s a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls. Can be small (5 fibers) or massive (thousands of fibers). Example - small in the face which gives more fine control (think specific eye movement).
Gastrocnemius - has thousands. (calf muscle)

Question 22

Tetanus

Answer 22

Every motor unit is firing at maximum. Incomplete is that SOME still get to rest. You get tetanus shots, as that will cause them to fire nonstop at max

Question 23

Tension on Skeletal Muscles

Answer 23

Depends on the number of stimulated muscle Fibers. More recruited equals more tension

Question 24

Muscle Twitch or Fasciculation

Answer 24

Involuntary - it involves the entire motor unit.

Question 25

Fast and slow Muscle fibers.

Answer 25

Slow - Smaller, darker, and resistant to fatigue. More Myoglobin. Gastrocnemius would have slow fibers as the calf is fatigued resistant - YOU WALK SO MUCH.

Fast - Larger, Paler in color, easily fatigued. Face/eyes. Fingers

Question 26

Myoglobin

Answer 26

Carries Oxygen to the muscle. Higher affinity to Oxygen (it’s what he talked about with compartment syndrome). Makes the muscle darker, so more in Slow fibers

Question 27

Intermediate Fibers

Answer 27

Middle of fast and slow fibers

Question 28

Hypertrophy and atrophy

Answer 28

Trophy means shape. Hyper is big - big shape (the Rock’s muscles). Muscle grows from heavy training.
- Increases Diameter of Muscle Fibers
- More Myofibrils
- More Mitochondria
- More Glycogen Reserves (store more energy). Branches glucose Molecules - looks like a tree. Makes ATP
DOES NOT MAKE MORE MUSCLE FIBERS - just effects what’s there

Atrophy - opposite. Lose tone, size and power. From lack of activity or motor stimulation

Question 29

Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration

Answer 29

An - generates energy without oxygen.
Aer - generates Energy with oxygen

Question 30

Age related muscle performance

Answer 30

Fibrosis - Increase in fibrous connective tissue OR scar tissue.

Skeletal muscles become smaller and less elastic.

Tolerance to exercise decreases.

Ability to recover from injury decreases.