Muscle Basics Flashcards
Agonist
Constricts to cause movement
Antagonist
Relaxes to make movement- the opposite of Agonist
Synergist
A muscle that assists either the Agonist or Antagonist - Elbow Flexion synergist is the Brachialis
Origin
Where the muscle connects
Insertion
Where the muscle has movement
Myoblasts
Muscle Proliferated cells. They grow and make more - generate “Blast” are germ cells that grow to make more tissueF
Fulcrum
Axis of rotation
Circle Muscle
Convergence Muscle
Muscle Belly
Thicker part that you can grab of the skeletal muscle
Vitamin
Body needs it, but we can synthesize it
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Holds the calcium. The Blue part in the diagrams. Wraps around each muscle fiber.
Sarcomeres
Made up of overlapping thick (myosin) and thin (actin) bands
Actin and Myosin
Troponin
When calcium is released, Ca2 (calcium) binds to the Tropomin which makes it move to reveal active sites.
Confirmation change
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Active Site
It’s what Myosin binds to and needs to be uncovered by Calcium moving the Troponin to constrict
ADP - Adenosine Diphosphate
ATP
is broken down to ADP + P. ATP detaches the Mysoin. Once released, will break down to ADP + P, which rebind the Myosin head to the Active Site
Flacid and Spacic
Spacic is locked in the position. Flacid and what it sounds like
Motor Cell and Motor Units
Recruitment to use more Motor Units. Smaller are recruited first and larger are recruited later as they are needed. Lighter things take less energy, so you start with the smaller/weaker ones first to conserve energy.
Motor units differ - it’s a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls. Can be small (5 fibers) or massive (thousands of fibers). Example - small in the face which gives more fine control (think specific eye movement).
Gastrocnemius - has thousands. (calf muscle)
Tetanus
Every motor unit is firing at maximum. Incomplete is that SOME still get to rest. You get tetanus shots, as that will cause them to fire nonstop at max
Tension on Skeletal Muscles
Depends on the number of stimulated muscle Fibers. More recruited equals more tension
Muscle Twitch or Fasciculation
Involuntary - it involves the entire motor unit.
Fast and slow Muscle fibers.
Slow - Smaller, darker, and resistant to fatigue. More Myoglobin. Gastrocnemius would have slow fibers as the calf is fatigued resistant - YOU WALK SO MUCH.
Fast - Larger, Paler in color, easily fatigued. Face/eyes. Fingers
Myoglobin
Carries Oxygen to the muscle. Higher affinity to Oxygen (it’s what he talked about with compartment syndrome). Makes the muscle darker, so more in Slow fibers
Intermediate Fibers
Middle of fast and slow fibers
Hypertrophy and atrophy
Trophy means shape. Hyper is big - big shape (the Rock’s muscles). Muscle grows from heavy training.
- Increases Diameter of Muscle Fibers
- More Myofibrils
- More Mitochondria
- More Glycogen Reserves (store more energy). Branches glucose Molecules - looks like a tree. Makes ATP
DOES NOT MAKE MORE MUSCLE FIBERS - just effects what’s there
Atrophy - opposite. Lose tone, size and power. From lack of activity or motor stimulation
Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration
An - generates energy without oxygen.
Aer - generates Energy with oxygen
Age related muscle performance
Fibrosis - Increase in fibrous connective tissue OR scar tissue.
Skeletal muscles become smaller and less elastic.
Tolerance to exercise decreases.
Ability to recover from injury decreases.
