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Clinical Skills > Muscle assessment > Flashcards

Muscle assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Which areas are assessed in a muscle assessment?

A
  • bulk
  • length
  • power
  • strength
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2
Q

Why is muscle length assessed?

A

tight muscles are more likely to be injured
Can lead to imbalanced and altered biomechanics
Muscle length can determine loss in strength

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3
Q

Why is strength/power assessed?

A

strength provides stability and mobility for functional movement

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4
Q

How are subjective assessments of muscles conducted?

A

with tape measures, measuring muscle size

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5
Q

Negatives of subjective muscle assessment (tape measure)

A
  • can underestimate muscle loss by 22-33%
  • little differentiation between anatomical structures such as muscles, bones, subcutaneous fat and peri muscular fascia
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6
Q

How are objective assessments of muscles conducted?

A
  • dynamometers
  • force platforms
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7
Q

How do force platforms assess muscles?

A

Assess dynamic strength and can measure peak force, leg power and jump height

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8
Q

Strengths of objective muscle assessments

A
  • high sensitivity
  • produce normative data
  • reliable
  • valid
  • consistant
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9
Q

What are some physiological considerations for muscle strength?

A
  • muscle fibre type
  • neural factors
  • connective tissue integrity
  • age
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10
Q

Which factors influence muscle strength?

A
  • contractions
  • muscle architecture
  • cross-sectional area
    -mechanical properties
  • motor unit recruitment
  • neuromuscular inhibition
  • speed of contraction
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11
Q

What is muscle strength and function predictive of?

A
  • QoL
  • mortality
  • length of hospital stays
  • hospital readmission
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12
Q

What is muscle strength and function impaired by?

A
  • injury
  • infection
  • major surgery
  • medical conditions
  • muscle control
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13
Q

What are some correlates of muscle strength?

A
  • age
  • sex
  • muscle fat ratio
  • muscle size
  • cross-sectional area
  • pennation angle
  • mechanical properties
  • physical activity
  • co-morbidity
  • medication
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14
Q

Which diseases are associated with muscle function?

A

Osteoarthritis, DM, CV disease

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15
Q

What is an isometric muscle contraction?

A

a contraction with no change in muscle length, static resistance

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16
Q

What is eccentric muscle contraction?

A

contraction where the muscles lengthens with movement

17
Q

What is concentric muscle contraction?

A

contraction where muscle shortens with movement

18
Q

What are strength and length assessment outcomes limited by?

A
  • Pain
  • Fatigue
  • ROM
  • Mechanical properties
  • Emotions – mental health
  • Occupation
  • Hobbies
  • Age and maternity
  • Handedness
  • Physical activity levels
19
Q

Contraindications of muscle assessments

A
  • Unhealed fracture
  • Dislocation or unstable joint
  • Situations where active range of motion or resistance work are contraindicated (e.g. post- operative protocols etc)
  • If pain limits participation
  • Severe inflammation
  • Severe osteoporosis
  • Haemophilia
  • Cognitive concerns / decreased ability to complete the test
20
Q

Cautions of muscle assessments

A
  • Abdominal Surgery or Hernia
  • Bony Ankylosis
  • Haematoma
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Pulmonary Disease
  • Prolonged Immobilisation
  • Cases where fatigue may be harmful or exacerbate the person’s condition (e.g. lower motor neuron disease, COPD, multiple sclerosis).
21
Q

What is manual muscle testing used for?

A

To determine the extent and degree of muscle weakness resulting from disease, injury and disuse

22
Q

Manual muscle testing scales

A
  • MRC scale/oxford scale
  • Kendall muscle testing scale
  • Daniels and Worthingmans manual muscle testing scale
23
Q

What are the limitations of the Oxford grading system?

A
  • non-linear
  • patient is variable over time due to things such as fatigue
  • only assesses concentric contraction
  • inter-rater reliability
  • difficult to apply to all patients
  • strength rarely assessed throughout full ROM
24
Q

What is the Oxford grading system of muscle strength testing?

A

0- no contraction
1- flicker or trace of contraction
2- full range of active motion with gravity minimised
3- full range of active motion against gravity
4- full range of active motion against gravity with minimal resistance
5-full range of active motion against gravity with maximal resistance

Clinical Skills (6 decks)

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