Muscle Assesment

Question 1

3 types of muscle

Answer 1

Cardiac, Smooth and Skeletal

Question 2

Brief description of cardiac muscle

Answer 2

Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary control.

Question 3

Brief description of smooth muscle

Answer 3

Smooth muscle fibers are located in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear spindle-shaped, and are also under involuntary control.

Question 4

Brief description of skeletal muscle

Answer 4

Skeletal muscle fibers occur in muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are under voluntary control.

Question 5

Functions of muscles(4) + examples

Answer 5

Movement - generates heat: slow down/speeds up

Support - e.g. erector spinae, abs, glutes

Heat production - shivering

Stabilise joints - quads stabilise knee joint

Question 6

Briefly describe the ‘all of none’ principles

Answer 6

States that if a muscle fibre is stimulated beyond a certain threshold by an electrical impulse, it will contract fully and maximally.

Question 7

What is the motor end plate?

Answer 7

An electrical impulse is sent from the brain and arrives at the end of a nerve. The end of a nerve is called a motor end plate.

Question 8

Structure of a muscle

Answer 8

Epimysium - a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding outside of a muscle

Perimysium - surrounds and separates each fascicle

Endomysium - fibrous structure surrounding and enclosing the outside of the muscle

Question 9

What muscles are responsible for movement?

Answer 9

Agonist: the muscle that is contracting (to pull the muscle) also shortening

Antagonist: the muscle that is relaxing (lengthening)

Question 10

1 difference between actin and myosin

Answer 10

Actin is thin and myosin is thick

Question 11

Describe proximal and distal

Answer 11

The origin of a muscle is

• the fixed attachment that doesn’t move during contraction
• Is proximal (closer) to attachment point

The insertion of a muscle

• does move during contraction
• is distal (further away) to the attachment point

Question 12

Describe plantar flexion

Answer 12

Plantar flexion is a movement in which the top of your foot points away from your leg. You use plantar flexion whenever you stand on the tip of your toes or point your toes.

Question 13

Muscle fibres(3)

Answer 13

1, 2a + 2b

Type 1 = slow, long distance running

Type 2a = fast, sprinting

Type 2b = very fast, plyometrics(explosive training)