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Anatomy, Physiology And Energy Systems > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiovascular system is comprised of 3 components

A

The heart, blood vessels, blood.

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2
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Left of the Brett bone(sternum)

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3
Q

How big is the heart?

A

Approx size of the fiat

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4
Q

What keeps the heart in place?

A

The pericardium - film of fluid which prevents the heart from moving whilst it beats.

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5
Q

Where is the atria located?

A

At the top of the heart

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6
Q

Atria blood flow

A

The left receives blood from the lungs

The right received blood from the body.

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7
Q

Where is the ventricle located?

A

The bottom 2 chambers

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8
Q

Ventricular blood flow

A

The left pumps blood to the body and is the strongest.

The right pumps blood to the lungs to pick up O2.

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9
Q

Function of valves

A

Ensure a one way flow of blood = prevents back flow

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10
Q

List the 4 valves

A

Aortic

Pulmonary

Mitral

Tricuspid

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11
Q

3 layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

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12
Q

Epicardium

A

Thin, transparent outer layer of wall

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13
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle responsible for the pumping action of the heart which is involuntary.

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14
Q

Endocardium

A

Thin layer of heart chambers and valves. Lines the inside of the heart + tendons.

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15
Q

What is pulmonary circulation

A

The process of re-oxygenating the blood and is the part of the CV system which carries deoxygenated blood away from RV to the lungs.

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16
Q

What is systematic circulation

A

The part of the CV system which carries O2 blood away from the heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood.

17
Q

5 heart functions, give 2 examples

A

Delivery - oxgyen and nutrients to every cell in the body

Removal - CO2, metabolic waste products

Transport - hormones from the endocrine gland to target receptors. White and red blood cells

Maintenance - maintains body temp and pH

Prevention - prevents dehydration

18
Q

Do arteries have valves?

A

No, as the heart provides the necessary pressure needed to send blood through the system.

19
Q

Do veins have valves?

A

Veins have valves because venous pressure is often not as great to return blood to the heart.

20
Q

What are pre-capillary sphincters?

A

Smallest type of blood vessel which forms a network between arteries to venules.

This band of smooth muscle adjusts blood flow by opening and closing the entrance to a capillary.

21
Q

What is the Superior Vena Cava?

A

Large vein that carries blood from the upper half of the body to the RA.

22
Q

What is the Inferior Vena Cava?

A

Large vein that carries blood from the lower half of the body to the RA.

23
Q

Function of the Coronary Arteries?

Aka: the power house

A

To provide the heart with blood, oxygen and nutrients.

24
Q

Main Coronary Arteries are:

A

Left anterior descending artery - supply blood to LV

The circumflex artery - supply blood to RV.

These arteries curl around the surface of the heart and divide to form a dense network of capillaries.

25
Q

Blood serves the body by:

A

Providing platelets - allow the blood to clot

Transporting white blood cells - fight infection and offer immunity

Transport O2 via rbc’s, removes CO2 + waste products

Reduces temperature

26
Q

During exercise skeletal muscle receive up to…

A

80% of circulation blood. This combined with increased cardiac output which delivers up to 25 times more blood to the active muscles.

Know as BLOOD SHUNTING

27
Q

What is vaso-constriction?

A

The narrowing of arteries/arterioles to restrict blood flow to an area.

28
Q

What is vaso-dilation?

A

The widening of arteries/arterioles to increase the blood amount of blood to an area.

29
Q

What is SV?

A

Stroke volume - volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per contraction (ml).

30
Q

What is CO?

A

Cardiac Output - Volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute. CO = HR x SV

31
Q

What is ejection fraction?

A

The proportion of blood pumped out of the LV in each contraction. Normal EF is around 60%

32
Q

Define diastole

A

Period when heart muscle relaxes and allows the heart chambers to fill with blood.

33
Q

Define systole

A

Period when heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.

Anatomy, Physiology And Energy Systems (2 decks)

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