Muscle and nervous tissue + membranes

Question 1

Nervous tissue cells

Answer 1

Astrocytes - support and fluid exchange, blood brain barrier
Satellite cells - PNS astrocytes
Ependymal cells - cerebrospinal fluid
Oligodendrocytes - myelin sheath
Scwhann cell - PNS oligodendrocytes

Question 2

Neuron types

Answer 2

Multipolar - all motor neurons, most common
Bipolar - special sense organs, receptor –> neuron
Unipolar - sensory nerves, very long, axon and dendrites continuous

Question 3

Membranes

Answer 3

Mucous - body cavities directly open to exterior
Serous - body cavities not directly open to the exterior
Cutaneous - skin
Synovial - freely moveable joints

Question 4

Skeletal muscle

Answer 4

• striated
• voluntary control
• single, long cylindrical cells
• multiple, peripheral nuclei
• longest: sartorious
• shortest: stapedius

Question 5

Cardiac muscle

Answer 5

• heart
• striated
• branched cells with 1-3 central nuclei
• connected end to end via intercalated discs
• involuntary control
• intercalated discs have desmosomes and gap junctions for adhesion and communication
• purkinje fibres - specialised muscle cells that conduct electrical activity around the heart

Question 6

Smooth muscle

Answer 6

• involuntary control
• walls of internal organs
• spindle shaped
• uninucleated cells
• not striated
• dense bodies (actinin) and intermediate filaments connecting to them
• can have gap junctions

Question 7

Myofibril

Answer 7

Z disc - joining point of thin filaments, connects myofibrils to one another, coin shaped sheet of proteins
H zone - where there are thick filaments but no thin filaments (no overlap)
M line - line of protein myomesin that holds adjacent thick filaments together
A band - where we just have thick filaments
I band - where we just have thin filaments (no thick filaments)

Question 8

Connective tissue of skeletal muscle

Answer 8

Epimysium - surround anatomical muscle
Perimysium - around fascicles
Endomysium - around muscle fibres

Fascicles - bundle of muscle fibres
Sarcolemma - muscle cell plasma membrane