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Anaphy > Muscle And Nervous > Flashcards

Muscle And Nervous Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of muscle

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

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2
Q

Cell shale and appearance of skeletal muscles

A

Single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations

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3
Q

Cell shape and appearance of smooth muscle

A

Single, fusiform, uninucleate with no striations

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4
Q

Cell shape and appearance of the cardiac muscle

A

Branching chains of cells, uninucleate with striations: intercalated discs

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5
Q

Connective tissue components of skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscles

A

SKELETAL:
Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

SMOOTH AND CARDIAC:
Endomysium

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6
Q

Structure of skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, fascicle, myofibril, sarcolemma

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7
Q

Properties of skeletal muscle

A

Extensibility, elasticity, excitability, contratility

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8
Q

Structure of smooth muscle

A

Elongated spindle shape with tapering ends (called fusiform)
Tapered fibers arranged as bundles sheets
No cross striations
Main protein: Myosin and actin

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9
Q

Smooth muscle is found in the?

A

Hollow visceral organs specifically;
Eyes
Skin
Digestive tract
Urinary bladder

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10
Q

Keywords for skeletal muscle tissues

A

Skeletal
Voluntary
Striated

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11
Q

Keywords for smooth muscle tissues

A

Nonstriated
Involuntary
Visceral

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12
Q

Key words for cardiac muscle tissue

A

Striated; intercalated discs
Involuntary
Cardiac

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13
Q

Desmosomes are abundant in where?

A

Description of desmosomes:

Desmosomes are the remainder of the intercalated discs. They maintain the structure of the heart.

It is a cell structure that anchors the ends of the cardiac muscle fibers together so the cells don’t pull apart during the stress of the individuals fibers whenever they contract.

They are abundant in epidermal cells and cardiomyocytes

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14
Q

What is the structure of the cardiac muscle or what does it composes?

A

Cardiomyocytes
Chains of Myofibril
Desmosomes
Sarcolemma
Pacemaker cells
Sarcomeres
I-bands
A-bands
H-zone
Z-line
M-line

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15
Q

3 cardiac muscle layers

A

Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium or epicardium
Endocardium

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16
Q

Two kinds of cardiac muscle

A

•Myocardial Contractile Cells – they make up 99% of the cells in the atria and ventricles. They bear the responsibility of contracting in order to pump blood to the rest of the body.
•Myocardial Conducting Cells – the remaining 1% is with the myocardial conducting cells. They make up the conduction system of the heart which initiate the action potential

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17
Q

Muscle functions

A

Produce movement
Maintain posture and body position
Stabilize joints
Generate heat
Additional movements

Or

Body movement
Stabilizing joints
Generating heat

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18
Q

Two types of threadlike protein myofilaments

A

Myosin; thick
Actin; thin

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19
Q

Types of muscle contractions

A

Isotonic
Isometric

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20
Q

Special movements of joints

A

Supination & pronation
Opposition
Dorsiflexion & plantarflexion

21
Q

Nervous system provides?

A

higher mental function and emotional expression
maintains homeostasis
regulates the activities of muscles and glands

22
Q

Division or the structural classification of the nervous system

A

Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system

23
Q

Two parts of PNS or functional classification

A

Sensory division
Motor division

24
Q

Subdivision of motor division

A

Autonomic nervous sytem
Somatic nervous sytem

25
Q

Types of cells in the nervous system

A

Glial cells
Neurons

26
Q

Parts of a neurons

A

Cell body
The two types of processes: dendrites and axons

27
Q

Types pf neurons

A

Multipolar neurons
Bipolar neurons
Pseudo-unipolar neurons

28
Q

The glial cells includes?
(Supporting cells of the CNS)

A

Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia

29
Q

Organization of nervous tissue

A

White matter
Gray matter

30
Q

Electrical Signals and Neural Pathways

A

Resting membrane potential
Neuron communication
Neuronal pathways

31
Q

The nerves of the PNS can be divided into two groups

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves.

32
Q

Spinal cord extends to the

A

Base of the skull to the 2nd lumbar vertebra

33
Q

Spinal cord communicates between

A

Spinal cord
The body

34
Q

A reflex arc generally has five basic components:

A

Sensory neuron
Sensory receptor
Interneurons
Motor neuron
Effector organ

35
Q

Spinal nerves contains

A

axons of both sensory and somatic motor neurons and thus are called mixed nerves

36
Q

The nerves are grouped into
plexuses

A

Cervical plexus
Thoracic plexus
Lumbosacral plexus

37
Q

Tow types of nervous tissue

A

Supporting cells
Neurons

38
Q

Supporting cells of PNS

A

Schwann cells
Satellite cells

39
Q

Maintains the shape of the cell

A

Nissl bodies
Neurofibrils

40
Q

Major regions of the neurons

A

Cell body
Processes

41
Q

Two major functional properties of neurons

A

Irritability
Conductivity

42
Q

4 major brain regions

A

Cerebral hemispheres
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon

43
Q

Three basic regions of cerbrall hemispheres

A

Superficial cortex of gray matter
White matter
Basal nuclei

44
Q

Structure of brain stem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

45
Q

Medulla oblongata controls

A

Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting

46
Q

Main components or major structures of diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

47
Q

Two parts of autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

48
Q

Glial cells _, _, _ delicate neurons

A

Protect
Support
Insulate

Anaphy (5 decks)

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