Muscle Anatomy And Physiology

Question 0

Axial skeleton

Answer 0

Balance consisting of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.

Question 1

Musculoskeletal System

Answer 1

Body system that consists of the bones, joints, connective tissue, and muscle.

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

Bones consisting of the upper and lower extremities, including the pelvic and shoulder girdles.

Question 3

Musculotendinous

Answer 3

Of, relating to, or affecting muscular and tendinous tissue.

Question 4

Joint

Answer 4

Point with two bones connect.

Question 5

Synovial Fluid

Answer 5

A fluid that lubricates the smooth cartilage in joints.

Question 6

Collagen

Answer 6

Fibrous protein that forms tough connective tissue.

Question 7

Feedback Loop

Answer 7

Section of a control system that serves as a regulatory mechanism; return input as some of the output.

Question 8

Elastin

Answer 8

Elastic fibers proteins found in connective tissues.

Question 9

Cartilage

Answer 9

A firm, elastic, flexible, white material found at the end of ribs, between vertebrae (discs), at joint surfaces, and in the nose and ears.

Question 10

Ballistic Movements

Answer 10

High-impact, rapid, jerking movements.

Question 11

Origin

Answer 11

The proximal attachment; generally considered the least movable part or the part that attaches closest to the midline or center of the body.

Question 12

Insertion

Answer 12

The distal attachment; generally considered the most movable part or the part that attaches farthest from the midline or center of the body.

Question 13

Myofilaments

Answer 13

The elements of the muscle that actually shorten upon contraction; made up mainly of two types of protein: actin and myosin.

Question 14

Myosin

Answer 14

Short, thick contractile filaments.

Question 15

Actin

Answer 15

Long, thin contractile filaments.

Question 16

Voluntary Muscle Tissues

Answer 16

Receives nerve fibers from the somatic nervous system that can be voluntarily controlled. (e.g. skeletal muscles)

Question 17

Involuntary Muscle Tissues

Answer 17

Receive nerve fibers from the autonomic nervous system and cannot be voluntarily controlled, except in a few rare cases. (e.g, the heart)

Question 18

Muscle Spindles

Answer 18

Special sense organs that measure the strain in muscle and can be used to pre-set tension of muscles.

Question 19

Myofibrils

Answer 19

Tiny fibrils that make up a single muscle fiber

Question 20

Sarcoplasm

Answer 20

Jelly-like intracellular fluid found in muscle fiber.

Question 21

Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 21

Theory stating that myofibril contacts by the actin and myosin filaments sliding over each other.

Question 22

Isometric

Answer 22

A contraction in which the muscle develops tension but does not shorten.

Question 23

Isotonic

Answer 23

A contraction in which the muscle shortens but retains constant tension.

Question 24

Concentric

Answer 24

A contraction in which a muscle shortens and overcomes a resistance.

Question 25

Eccentric

Answer 25

A contraction in which a muscle lengthens and is overcome by resistance.

Question 26

Lactic Acid

Answer 26

A byproduct of glucose and glycogen metabolism (glycolysis) and in anaerobic muscle energies.

Question 27

Fast-Twitch

Answer 27

Muscle fiber type that contracts quickly and is used most in intensive, short-duration exercises.

Question 28

Slow-Twitch

Answer 28

A muscle fiber characterized by its slow speed of contraction and a high capacity of aerobic glycolysis.

Question 29

Type I

Answer 29

A slow-twitch muscle fiber that generates ATP predominantly through the aerobic system of energy transfer.

Question 30

Type IIa

Answer 30

A fast-twitch fiber subdivision characterized by a fast shortening speed and well-developed capacity for energy transfer aerobic and anaerobic sources.

Question 31

Type IIb

Answer 31

A fast-twitch fiber subdivision characterized by the most rapid shortening velocity and greatest anaerobic potential.

Question 32

Type IIc

Answer 32

A fast-twitch fibers that results from the ‘fusion’ of Type IIb surrounding satellite cells.

Question 33

Size Principle of Fiber Recruitment

Answer 33

Principal stating that motor units are recruited in order according to their recruitment thresholds and firing rates.

Question 34

All-or-none Reaction

Answer 34

Concept stating that a unit is either completely relaxed or fully contracted; it is never partly contracted.

Question 35

Stretch Reflex

Answer 35

A built-in protective function of the neuromuscular system in the muscle spindle.

Question 36

Proprioceptor

Answer 36

Specialized sensory receptors located in tendons and muscles sensitive to stretch, tension, and pressure.

Question 37

Anatomy

Answer 37

The science of the structure of the human body.

Question 38

Physiology

Answer 38

The science concerned with the normal vital process of animal and vegetable organisms.

Question 39

ATP

Answer 39

Adenosine triphosphate; an energy-storing compound found in cells, which release energy when needed by the body.

Question 40

CP

Answer 40

Creatine phosphate; a high-energy phosphate module that is stored in cells and can be used to immediately synthesize ATP.

Question 41

Creatine

Answer 41

Organic acid generally found in the muscles as phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate) that supplies energy for muscle contraction.

Question 42

Hypertrophy

Answer 42

An increase in the cross-section size of a muscle in response to strength training.

Question 43

Capillarization

Answer 43

An increase in size and number of tiny blood vessels surrounding cells.

Question 44

Hyperplasia

Answer 44

An increase in number of cells in the tissue or organ, excluding tumor formation, whereby bulk of the part or organ maybe increased.