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Basic Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Fatty Acids

A

Any if the large group of monobasic acids, especially those those found in animal & vegetable fats & oils.

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1
Q

Tissue

A

A collection if similar cells & their intracellular substances.

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2
Q

Triglycerides

A

The storage from fat made up of three fatty acids & glycerol group.

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3
Q

Insulin

A

A polypeptide hormone functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates & fats, especially the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level.

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4
Q

Glucose

A

Principal circulating sugar in the blood & major energy source of the body.

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5
Q

Fatty Acid

A

Any of a large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal & vegetable fats & oils.

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6
Q

Glycogen Granuale

A

Structure of the cell that stores glycogen & enzymes for glycogen breakdown & synthesis.

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7
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Chemical process that converts lactate & pyruvate back into glucose.

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8
Q

Glycolysis

A

The metabolic process that creates energy from the splitting of glucose to form pyruvic acid or lactic acid & ATP.

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9
Q

Squamous Epithelium

A

Epithelium consisting of one or more layers, the most superficial of which is composed of flat, scale like or plate like cells.

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10
Q

Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Epithelial tissue consisting of one or more cell layers, the most superficial if which is composed of cube-shaped or somewhat prismatic cells.

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11
Q

Columnar Epithelium

A

Epithelium consisting if one or more cell layers, the most superficial of which is composed of elongated & somewhat cylindrical cells projecting toward the surface.

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12
Q

Glandular

A

Of relating to, affecting, or resembling a gland or its secretion.

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13
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

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14
Q

Ligaments

A

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage.

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15
Q

Integumentary System

A

Bodily system consisting of the skin & its associated structures, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, & sebaceous glands.

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16
Q

Skeletal System

A

System consisting of bone & cartilage that supports & protects the body.

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17
Q

Muscular System

A

System consisting of large skeletal muscles that allow us to move, cardiac muscle in the heart, & smooth muscle of the internal organs.

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18
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Subsystem of the circulatory system, which protects the body against disease.

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19
Q

Urinary Systems

A

Main excretory system of the body, which consists of the kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, & urethra.

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20
Q

Reproductive System

A

System consisting of gonads, associated ducts, & external genitals concerned with sexual reproduction.

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21
Q

Respiratory System

A

System consisting of the lungs & air passageways, which supplies oxygen to the body & removes carbon dioxide.

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22
Q

Hemoglobin

A

An oxygen transporting protein found in the blood cells.

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23
Q

Vital Capacity

A

The usable portion of the lungs.

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24
Maximum Minute Volume
The amount of air that a person can process during one minute of vigorous exercise.
25
Residual Volume
The remainder of the air in the lungs after the usable lung volume has been measured.
26
Circulatory System
System consisting of the heart & blood vessels that serves as the transportation system.
27
Plasma
The fluid portion of blood.
28
Erythrocyte
Blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus ( Red Blood Cells).
29
Leukocyte
Cell whose primary function is to combat infections (White Blood Cell).
30
Platelet
Cytoplasmic body found in the blood plasma that functions to promote blood clotting.
31
Alveoli
Capillary rich air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide take place.
32
Law of Gaseous Diffusion
Principle that states that a gas will move across a semipermeable membrane ( alveolar, capillary, ect.) from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
33
Diastolic Pressure
Pressure exerted on the heart walls of the blood vessels during the refilling if the heart.
34
Metabolism
All of the chemical processes that take place in the body that are necessary for the maintenance of life.
35
Anaerobic
Occurring without the use of oxygen.
36
Aerobic
Occurring with the use of oxygen, or requiring oxygen.
37
Resting Heart Rate
The number of times the heart beats in one minute: 72 beats per minute for the average adult.
38
Maximum Heart Rate
The highest rate at which an individual is capable: 220 minus trainees' age is equivalent to the maximum heart rate.
39
Sympathetic Nervous System
An automatic system that speeds upmost activities in the body.
40
Adrenal Glands
Two gland that release hormones that help the body to cope with stress.
41
Stroke Volume
The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle during one contraction.
42
Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction
The percentage of blood inside the left ventricle pushed out into the body after contraction.
43
Max VO2 Uptake
The maximum usable portion of oxygen uptake.
44
Digestive System
System consisting of the digestive tract & glands that secrete digestive juices into the digestive tract. Responsible for the breakdown of food & waste elimination.
45
Digestion
The process of mechanical or chemical breakdown of food into absorbable molecules.
46
Macronutrients
A category of nutrients including -carbohydrates, proteins, and fats -that are present in foods in large amounts.
47
Fructose
Fruit sugar.
48
Lipogenesis
The formation of fat.
49
Nervous System
System comprised of brain spinal cord,sense organs, & nerves. Regulates other systems.
50
Nerve Impulse
A brief reversal of the membrane potential that sweeps along the membrane of a neuron.
51
Central Nervous System
System comprised of the brain & spinal column.
52
Peripheral Nervous System
Relays messages from the CNS to the body (the efferent system), and relays messages to the CNS (the afferent system) from the body
53
Efferent system
System designed to cause action; consist of some somatic & automatic system.
54
Somatic system
System responsible for voluntary action.
55
Autonomic System
System that processes and activates involuntary action.
56
Contraction
The shortening of a muscle or increase in tension.
57
Endocrine System
System consisting of glands and tissues that release hormones. It works with the nervous system in the regulating metabolic activities.
58
Glucagon
A hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates an increase in blood sugar levels, thus opposing the action of insulin.
59
Glycogenolysis
Process describing the cleavage of glucose from the glycogen molecule.
60
Growth Hormone (HGH or hGH)
A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that affects skeletal growth rate and bodily weight gain.
61
Epinephrine
A hormone produced by the adrenal gland that causes the "flight or fight" response.
62
Cortisol
A corticosteroid that causes a breakdown of protein and muscles.
63
Ketosis
An abnormal increase of ketone bodies in the body; usually the result of low-carbohydrate diet, fasting or starvation
64
Afferent System
The part of PNS that sends messages to the CNS.

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