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Basic Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

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0
Q

Fatty Acids

A

Any if the large group of monobasic acids, especially those those found in animal & vegetable fats & oils.

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1
Q

Tissue

A

A collection if similar cells & their intracellular substances.

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2
Q

Triglycerides

A

The storage from fat made up of three fatty acids & glycerol group.

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3
Q

Insulin

A

A polypeptide hormone functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates & fats, especially the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level.

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4
Q

Glucose

A

Principal circulating sugar in the blood & major energy source of the body.

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5
Q

Fatty Acid

A

Any of a large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal & vegetable fats & oils.

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6
Q

Glycogen Granuale

A

Structure of the cell that stores glycogen & enzymes for glycogen breakdown & synthesis.

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7
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Chemical process that converts lactate & pyruvate back into glucose.

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8
Q

Glycolysis

A

The metabolic process that creates energy from the splitting of glucose to form pyruvic acid or lactic acid & ATP.

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9
Q

Squamous Epithelium

A

Epithelium consisting of one or more layers, the most superficial of which is composed of flat, scale like or plate like cells.

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10
Q

Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Epithelial tissue consisting of one or more cell layers, the most superficial if which is composed of cube-shaped or somewhat prismatic cells.

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11
Q

Columnar Epithelium

A

Epithelium consisting if one or more cell layers, the most superficial of which is composed of elongated & somewhat cylindrical cells projecting toward the surface.

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12
Q

Glandular

A

Of relating to, affecting, or resembling a gland or its secretion.

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13
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

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14
Q

Ligaments

A

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage.

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15
Q

Integumentary System

A

Bodily system consisting of the skin & its associated structures, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, & sebaceous glands.

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16
Q

Skeletal System

A

System consisting of bone & cartilage that supports & protects the body.

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17
Q

Muscular System

A

System consisting of large skeletal muscles that allow us to move, cardiac muscle in the heart, & smooth muscle of the internal organs.

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18
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Subsystem of the circulatory system, which protects the body against disease.

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19
Q

Urinary Systems

A

Main excretory system of the body, which consists of the kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, & urethra.

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20
Q

Reproductive System

A

System consisting of gonads, associated ducts, & external genitals concerned with sexual reproduction.

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21
Q

Respiratory System

A

System consisting of the lungs & air passageways, which supplies oxygen to the body & removes carbon dioxide.

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22
Q

Hemoglobin

A

An oxygen transporting protein found in the blood cells.

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23
Q

Vital Capacity

A

The usable portion of the lungs.

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24
Q

Maximum Minute Volume

A

The amount of air that a person can process during one minute of vigorous exercise.

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25
Q

Residual Volume

A

The remainder of the air in the lungs after the usable lung volume has been measured.

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26
Q

Circulatory System

A

System consisting of the heart & blood vessels that serves as the transportation system.

27
Q

Plasma

A

The fluid portion of blood.

28
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus ( Red Blood Cells).

29
Q

Leukocyte

A

Cell whose primary function is to combat infections (White Blood Cell).

30
Q

Platelet

A

Cytoplasmic body found in the blood plasma that functions to promote blood clotting.

31
Q

Alveoli

A

Capillary rich air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide take place.

32
Q

Law of Gaseous Diffusion

A

Principle that states that a gas will move across a semipermeable membrane ( alveolar, capillary, ect.) from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

33
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

Pressure exerted on the heart walls of the blood vessels during the refilling if the heart.

34
Q

Metabolism

A

All of the chemical processes that take place in the body that are necessary for the maintenance of life.

35
Q

Anaerobic

A

Occurring without the use of oxygen.

36
Q

Aerobic

A

Occurring with the use of oxygen, or requiring oxygen.

37
Q

Resting Heart Rate

A

The number of times the heart beats in one minute: 72 beats per minute for the average adult.

38
Q

Maximum Heart Rate

A

The highest rate at which an individual is capable: 220 minus trainees’ age is equivalent to the maximum heart rate.

39
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

An automatic system that speeds upmost activities in the body.

40
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Two gland that release hormones that help the body to cope with stress.

41
Q

Stroke Volume

A

The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle during one contraction.

42
Q

Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction

A

The percentage of blood inside the left ventricle pushed out into the body after contraction.

43
Q

Max VO2 Uptake

A

The maximum usable portion of oxygen uptake.

44
Q

Digestive System

A

System consisting of the digestive tract & glands that secrete digestive juices into the digestive tract. Responsible for the breakdown of food & waste elimination.

45
Q

Digestion

A

The process of mechanical or chemical breakdown of food into absorbable molecules.

46
Q

Macronutrients

A

A category of nutrients including -carbohydrates, proteins, and fats -that are present in foods in large amounts.

47
Q

Fructose

A

Fruit sugar.

48
Q

Lipogenesis

A

The formation of fat.

49
Q

Nervous System

A

System comprised of brain spinal cord,sense organs, & nerves. Regulates other systems.

50
Q

Nerve Impulse

A

A brief reversal of the membrane potential that sweeps along the membrane of a neuron.

51
Q

Central Nervous System

A

System comprised of the brain & spinal column.

52
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Relays messages from the CNS to the body (the efferent system), and relays messages to the CNS (the afferent system) from the body

53
Q

Efferent system

A

System designed to cause action; consist of some somatic & automatic system.

54
Q

Somatic system

A

System responsible for voluntary action.

55
Q

Autonomic System

A

System that processes and activates involuntary action.

56
Q

Contraction

A

The shortening of a muscle or increase in tension.

57
Q

Endocrine System

A

System consisting of glands and tissues that release hormones. It works with the nervous system in the regulating metabolic activities.

58
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates an increase in blood sugar levels, thus opposing the action of insulin.

59
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Process describing the cleavage of glucose from the glycogen molecule.

60
Q

Growth Hormone (HGH or hGH)

A

A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that affects skeletal growth rate and bodily weight gain.

61
Q

Epinephrine

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal gland that causes the “flight or fight” response.

62
Q

Cortisol

A

A corticosteroid that causes a breakdown of protein and muscles.

63
Q

Ketosis

A

An abnormal increase of ketone bodies in the body; usually the result of low-carbohydrate diet, fasting or starvation

64
Q

Afferent System

A

The part of PNS that sends messages to the CNS.

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