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Pilates Exam Revision > Muscle Anatomy > Flashcards

Muscle Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical body position

A

Body in an upright position
Head facing forward

Arms adjacent to sides of palms
Hands facing anteriorly

Lower limbs straight
Feet parallel

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2
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

Skull, vertebral column and bony thorax

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3
Q

How many bones are in the body?

A

206

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4
Q

What are the joints of the body?

A

Synarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial joints
Diathrodial joints

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5
Q

What do Synovial joints do?

A

Flex, extend, abduct, adduct, rotate, pronate, supinate, invert, evert

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6
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Connect bone to bone

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7
Q

Capsular ligament

A

Anterior glenohumeral ligament

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8
Q

Extracapsular ligament

A

Lie outside the joint

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9
Q

Intra- articular ligament

A

Located inside the joint (knee)

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10
Q

What are the bones in the thorax?

A
  1. Clavicle
  2. Scapula
  3. Ribs
  4. Sternum
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11
Q

What are the bones in the Pelvic girdle

A
  1. Illium
  2. Ischium
  3. Pubis
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12
Q

What are the bones in the leg?

A

Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia

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13
Q

Vetebrae bones

A

Cervical (7 vertebrae)
Atlas and axis

Thoracic (12 Vertebrae)
Lumbar ( 5 vertebrae)
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx (4 fused)

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14
Q

Arm bones

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

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15
Q

Wrist bones

A

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

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16
Q

Foot bones

A

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

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17
Q

Excitability

A

Muscle receives and respond to stimulus

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18
Q

Contractility

A

Muscle shortens forcibly when stimulated

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19
Q

Extensibility

A

Muscle stretched or extended

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20
Q

Elasticity

A

Muscle fibre to recoil and resume length after dtretch

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21
Q

Prime mover of agonist

A

Main muscle responsible for movement

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22
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes actions of another muscle.

E.g. Biceps + triceps

23
Q

Stabiliser

A

Muscles that surround the joint, contract to stabilise enabling another body part to move

24
Q

Synergist

A

Muscles that complement the actions of prime mover but not responsible for action

25
Q

Neutraliser

A

Muscle that counteracts or neutralises of another muscle to prevent unwanted movement

26
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle contractions?

A

Reflexive - automatic contraction (diaphragm)

Tonic - Relaxed but slightly contracted

Phasic - Isotonic, Isometric

27
Q

What are the 2 Isotonic contractions?

A

Concentric - force generated overcomes resistance

Eccentric - Force generated insufficient to overcome resistance

28
Q

What is Isometric?

A

Muscle stays the same length as internal tension increases

29
Q

What are the muscles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Scalenes

Levator Scapulae

30
Q

What are the muscles of the shoulder girdle?

A

Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Trapezius
Teres Minor

31
Q

What are the muscles of the Thorax?

A

Pec Major / Minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavis

32
Q

What are the muscles of the Upper Arm?

A

Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachiais

33
Q

What are the muscles of the lower arm?

A

Brachioradialis
Extensor muscles
Flexor Muscles
Anconeus
Pronator teres / quadratus
Supinator

34
Q

What are the muscles of the Abdomen?

A

Rectus Ab
Internal/External Oblique
Transversus abdominis
Quadratus lumborum

35
Q

What are the muscles of the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus

36
Q

What are the muscles of the Pelvis/thigh?

A

Illiacus
Psoas Major / Minor

37
Q

What are the muscles of the Back?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus Dorsi

Rhomboid Major/Minor

Teres Major

Erector Spinae

38
Q

What are the muscles of the Glutes?

A

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus Med

Gluteus Min

39
Q

What are the muscles of the Lower leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior / posterior
Peroneus longus / brevis / tertius

40
Q

What are the muscles of the quad?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis / Intermedius / Medialis

41
Q

What are the muscles of the Hamstring?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinous
Semimembranosus

42
Q

What are the hip joint adductors?

A

3 ducks pecking grass

Adductor longus / brevis / magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus
Popliteus

43
Q

What the deep external hip muscles?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus /externus
Gemellus inferior/ superior
Quadratus femoris

44
Q

What muscles are scapula elevators?

A

Levator scapular
Upper Trap
Rhomboids

45
Q

What muscles are spinal lateral flexors?

A

Erector spinae group - Il,long,spiralis
Ext/Int obliques

46
Q

What muscles are scapula protractors?

A

Serratus anterior
Pec minor
Rhomboid Min/ Maj

47
Q

What muscles are scapula retractors?

A

Rhomboids
Mid trap

48
Q

What muscles are scapula upward rotation?

A

Serratus anterior
Trapezius

49
Q

What muscles are scapula downward rotation?

A

Rhomboids
Pec Minor

50
Q

Shoulder Joint stabilsers?

A

S.I.T.S
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

51
Q

What muscles are the shoulder joint flexors?

A

Anterior Deltoid
Pec Major
Coracobrachialas
Biceps

52
Q

What muscles are in the hip joint flexors? (knee to chest)

A

Rectus Femoris
Psoas
Iliacus
Sartorius
TFL

53
Q

Hip Joint Adductors

A

3 Ducks Pecking Grass

Adductor Longus, brevis, magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis

54
Q

What muscles stabilise the core?

A

Diaphragm
Tranverse Ab
Pelvic floor
Int/ext oblique
Multifasidus

Pilates Exam Revision (4 decks)

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