Muscle Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomical body position
Body in an upright position
Head facing forward
Arms adjacent to sides of palms
Hands facing anteriorly
Lower limbs straight
Feet parallel
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Skull, vertebral column and bony thorax
How many bones are in the body?
206
What are the joints of the body?
Synarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial joints
Diathrodial joints
What do Synovial joints do?
Flex, extend, abduct, adduct, rotate, pronate, supinate, invert, evert
What are ligaments?
Connect bone to bone
Capsular ligament
Anterior glenohumeral ligament
Extracapsular ligament
Lie outside the joint
Intra- articular ligament
Located inside the joint (knee)
What are the bones in the thorax?
- Clavicle
- Scapula
- Ribs
- Sternum
What are the bones in the Pelvic girdle
- Illium
- Ischium
- Pubis
What are the bones in the leg?
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Vetebrae bones
Cervical (7 vertebrae)
Atlas and axis
Thoracic (12 Vertebrae)
Lumbar ( 5 vertebrae)
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx (4 fused)
Arm bones
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Wrist bones
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Foot bones
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Excitability
Muscle receives and respond to stimulus
Contractility
Muscle shortens forcibly when stimulated
Extensibility
Muscle stretched or extended
Elasticity
Muscle fibre to recoil and resume length after dtretch
Prime mover of agonist
Main muscle responsible for movement
Antagonist
Muscle that opposes actions of another muscle.
E.g. Biceps + triceps
Stabiliser
Muscles that surround the joint, contract to stabilise enabling another body part to move
Synergist
Muscles that complement the actions of prime mover but not responsible for action
Neutraliser
Muscle that counteracts or neutralises of another muscle to prevent unwanted movement
What are the 3 types of muscle contractions?
Reflexive - automatic contraction (diaphragm)
Tonic - Relaxed but slightly contracted
Phasic - Isotonic, Isometric
What are the 2 Isotonic contractions?
Concentric - force generated overcomes resistance
Eccentric - Force generated insufficient to overcome resistance
What is Isometric?
Muscle stays the same length as internal tension increases
What are the muscles of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Levator Scapulae
What are the muscles of the shoulder girdle?
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Trapezius
Teres Minor
What are the muscles of the Thorax?
Pec Major / Minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavis
What are the muscles of the Upper Arm?
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachiais
What are the muscles of the lower arm?
Brachioradialis
Extensor muscles
Flexor Muscles
Anconeus
Pronator teres / quadratus
Supinator
What are the muscles of the Abdomen?
Rectus Ab
Internal/External Oblique
Transversus abdominis
Quadratus lumborum
What are the muscles of the pelvic floor?
Levator ani
Coccygeus
What are the muscles of the Pelvis/thigh?
Illiacus
Psoas Major / Minor
What are the muscles of the Back?
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Rhomboid Major/Minor
Teres Major
Erector Spinae
What are the muscles of the Glutes?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus Med
Gluteus Min
What are the muscles of the Lower leg?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior / posterior
Peroneus longus / brevis / tertius
What are the muscles of the quad?
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis / Intermedius / Medialis
What are the muscles of the Hamstring?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinous
Semimembranosus
What are the hip joint adductors?
3 ducks pecking grass
Adductor longus / brevis / magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus
Popliteus
What the deep external hip muscles?
Piriformis
Obturator internus /externus
Gemellus inferior/ superior
Quadratus femoris
What muscles are scapula elevators?
Levator scapular
Upper Trap
Rhomboids
What muscles are spinal lateral flexors?
Erector spinae group - Il,long,spiralis
Ext/Int obliques
What muscles are scapula protractors?
Serratus anterior
Pec minor
Rhomboid Min/ Maj
What muscles are scapula retractors?
Rhomboids
Mid trap
What muscles are scapula upward rotation?
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
What muscles are scapula downward rotation?
Rhomboids
Pec Minor
Shoulder Joint stabilsers?
S.I.T.S
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
What muscles are the shoulder joint flexors?
Anterior Deltoid
Pec Major
Coracobrachialas
Biceps
What muscles are in the hip joint flexors? (knee to chest)
Rectus Femoris
Psoas
Iliacus
Sartorius
TFL
Hip Joint Adductors
3 Ducks Pecking Grass
Adductor Longus, brevis, magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
What muscles stabilise the core?
Diaphragm
Tranverse Ab
Pelvic floor
Int/ext oblique
Multifasidus
